基于原–对偶内点法的复杂电力系统电压崩溃校正控制

给出了在采用原–对偶内点法进行校正控制计算时值得注意的初值选取、中心参数选取等一些问题，并针对福建省网168节点系统的实际数据进行了仿真计算。结果表明，在考虑了这些要点后所求得的结果可靠，能较好地满足实际工程要求。     

利用FLAC3D对山西某电厂单桩静载试验模拟

利用大型有限差分软件FLAC3D对山西某火电厂地基单桩竖向抗压静载试验过程进行模拟,其中,建模、边界条件选取、参数选取计算、桩土接触面参数计算选取是决定模拟效果的关键因素。充分利用软件特点与实际静载试验,选取合理参数进行实际模拟,并和实际静载试验过程及结果进行对比研究。对比研究表明,只要其参数选取合理,则FLAC3D模拟结果的准确性、适用性都明显增加。     

TDX-200透射电镜照明系统的计算与仿真

透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscopy,TEM)的照明系统包括电子枪和聚光镜,它要求能提供最大亮度的电子束,照射在样品上的电子束孔径角必须能在一定范围内调节,照明斑点的大小可按需要选择。在调试过程中需要预先对照明系统激励参数进行计算。基于TDX-200透射电子显微镜,对双聚光镜照明系统的功能实现进行了理论分析,结合实际尺寸进行了理论计算与实际仿真,并在实际调试过程中进行了初步验证。     

避雷器对GIS中快速暂态过电压的影响

本文采用EMTP软件对GIS中隔离开关操作时产生的快速暂态过电压(VFTO)进行仿真,研究避雷器对VFTO的抑制作用.对国内某550kV GIS水电站隔离开关4种操作方式下产生的VFTO进行计算和分析,优化选取避雷器在GIS内部母线上的安放位置.计算结果表明了,正常工作情况下,对于GIS内部由于隔离开关操作引起的VFT...     

高温管道复合型保温经济厚度计算方法的探讨

对大型火力发电厂高温汽水管道复合型保温材料经济厚度选取的3种计算方法进行了说明,以宝鸡第二发电厂的高温汽水管道为例,对3种计算方法进行了实际比较,从数学原理分析和实际举例结果中说明"双层经济厚度计算法"的优点.     

基于最大功角曲线特征量的动态安全域快速拟合法

拟合法是计算电力系统动态安全域边界超平面的最基本方法,该方法计算精度较高,但计算量大、耗时长。因此,只能离线计算,在线应用。在选取合适功角摇摆曲线特征量的基础上,发现其与注入功率点到临界点的几何距离近似成三次函数的规律特性。通过求解该规律函数,得到临界注入功率点的估计值,进而得到近似超平面系数。通过在WSCC 4机11节点仿真结果表明,本文方法的计算时间约为传统拟合法的30%,计算误差仅为5%,可满足实际工程需要。     

基于DGM的油浸式变压器热点温度计算

为了准确计算油浸式变压器的热点温度,在对比了有限元法(FEM)和有限体积法(FVM)计算变压器热点温度各自特点的基础上,提出了基于间断式伽辽金方法(discontinuous Galerkin method,DGM)的一种计算变压器热点温度的全新计算方法;并以天威合肥变压器厂的一台180 MV·A-220 kV变压器为例,计算了变压器的绕组热点温度。为校验计算方法的准确性,笔者对这台主变进行了变压器绕组温升试验,监测了绕组的热点温度数据,并将利用DGM的计算结果分别与实际监测数据、IEEE导则计算数据、使用FEM算法计算出的数据以及使用FVM算法计算出的数据进行了对比。对比结果表明,利用DGM的计算结果与实际监测数据的标准差只有1.46℃,而利用IEEE导则模型计算结果、FEM算法计算结果以及FVM算法计算结果与实际监测数据的标准差分别高达4.81、3.71、2.58℃。DGM的计算精度明显高于IEEE导则模型、FEM算法和FVM算法,证明了DGM能更准确地计算油浸式变压器绕组热点温度。     

高温管道复合型保温经济厚度计算方法的探讨

对大型火力发电厂高温汽水管道复合型保温材料经济厚度选取的3种计算方法进行了说明，以宝鸡第二发电厂的高温汽水管道为例，对3种计算方法进行了实际比较，从数学原理分析和实际举例结果中说明“双层经济厚度计算法”的优点。     

10 kV 20 MVA并联电抗器过电压保护MOA选择计算

根据系统实际情况和并联电抗器参数对氧化锌避雷器（ＭＯＡ）的参数进行了计算,为选取ＭＯＡ提供参考。     

重庆电网输电线路防雷计算中参数的选取

为搞好重庆电网线路耐雷水平评估,针对现有规程中对地面落雷密度选取的建议和重庆地区的实际情况,提出了按照国际大电网会议推荐的公式和50个雷电日计算地面落雷密度。根据雷电定位系统在重庆地区2003~2005年所测数据统计得到了重庆地区雷电流幅值的概率分布公式;采用新的雷电参数计算了重庆电网的雷击跳闸率。通过与线路实际运行数据的比较对重庆地区雷电参数的选取提出了建议,为输电线路防雷计算中参数的选取提供了新的思路。     

考虑输电线路动态增容的增强型安全约束最优潮流

在复杂内外部风险的影响下,输变电设备的随机故障已成为影响电网安全运行的重要因素。针对现有安全约束最优潮流存在的灵活性或安全性不足的问题,提出了一种增强型安全约束最优潮流(ESCOPF)模型,采用输电线路动态增容技术,保证电网在预想事故发生后至校正控制生效前的运行安全性。并给出了一种基于Benders分解的求解算法,将原问题分解为预防控制主问题、动态增容校验子问题和校正控制可行性校验子问题。通过不断向主问题返回Benders割修正机组发电计划,最终得到满足所有子问题校验的最优发电计划。算例分析结果表明,ESCOPF模型能够充分利用线路输电能力,扩大电网安全运行范围,从而提升系统运行的经济性。     

电力系统静态安全混合控制方法

提出一种将预防控制和校正控制相协调的电力系统静态安全混合控制方法。预防控制模块中,利用风险指标确定进入预防控制模块的预想故障集,该风险指标考虑了预想故障发生的概率及其严重性,采用连续线性规划技术求解考虑多预想故障的静态安全预防控制策略。校正控制模块中,首先判断系统静态安全裕度是否满足要求,并考虑风电/光伏的随机波动特性,针对不安全故障分别制定校正控制策略。所提方法通过系统风险指标协调预防控制和校正控制中考虑的预想故障集,从而将预防控制和校正控制相互协调,以获得安全性和经济性均满足系统需求的静态安全控制策略。以我国某682节点系统的算例验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Corrective switching algorithm for relieving overloads and voltage violations

It is widely known that corrective switching, including transmission line switching, bus-bar switching, and shunt element switching, may change the states of the power systems, and consequently, affect the distribution of power flows, transmission losses, short circuit currents, voltage profiles as well as transient stability of power systems. In this paper, a new algorithm is developed to find the best line and bus-bar switching action for relieving overloads and voltage violations caused by system contingencies based on a sparse inverse technique and fast decoupled power flow with limited iteration count. A general model of bus-bar switching action is also presented such that the new algorithm can simulate any kind of complicated bus-bar switching action. Furthermore, on the basis of a newly proposed voltage distribution factor by multiple iterations in power flow calculation, a novel algorithm for corrective voltage control by shunt switching is developed. These two algorithms are then integrated into a corrective switching algorithm. Simulation results on the WECC 179-bus system indicate that the new corrective switching algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively solve certain problems of line overloads and voltage violations. The computation time required is also satisfactory.     

考虑柔性交流输电系统设备控制的校正型安全约束最优潮流

为提升安全约束最优潮流调度的经济性与安全性,提出一种基于直流潮流的考虑柔性交流输电系统(FACTS)设备控制的校正型安全约束最优潮流模型。在线路故障发生后,通过FACTS设备校正措施,将线路潮流控制在其容许范围内。由于所提模型为大规模的非凸、非线性优化问题,难以直接求解,因此先采用大M法,将原非线性优化模型转换为混合整数线性规化模型,并采用Benders分解算法将转换后的模型分解为基态最优潮流主问题与N-1故障校验子问题。通过固定整数变量的方法,将非凸的混合整数优化子问题转换为线性规划子问题,从而能向主问题返回对应的Benders割。6节点系统与IEEE RTS-79节点系统算例验证了所提模型与算法的有效性。结果表明,考虑FACTS设备校正控制的安全约束最优潮流能有效提升调度运行的经济性。     

Power system state scheduling with the two-stage problem

Traditional statements of optimization problems in power system state scheduling lead to complexities at the on-line correction of variables. This paper considers a stochastic optimization problem with corrective functions of the given analytical type. The problem solution gives scheduled values of the state variables and the adjustment coefficients for corrective functions. The corrective functions represent a response of the control system to the unforeseen deviations in operation conditions. The preliminarily obtained coefficients of corrective functions allow a very easy and quick organization of the on-line optimal state correction. Dual variables of the optimization task can be corrected as well for fast spot price adjustment. A case study demonstrating the efficiency of state control using the suggested approach is considered     

Preventive/corrective control for voltage stability using directinterior point method

This paper describes the applications of the interior point (IP) method on preventive/corrective control (PCC) for voltage stability. The mathematical model of preventive/corrective control, based on the control costs, is proposed. In the real time mode, the preventive control is carried out when the voltage stability margins between the operating point and the stability boundary are too small. In the study mode, the corrective control is carried out when the voltage is insecure. After preventive/corrective control, not only should the system operation point be in the voltage secure area, but some voltage stability margins should also be maintained. The approach proposed has been successfully tested on five systems-from 100 bus system to 4000 bus system     

基于分布鲁棒优化的含风电系统静态安全校正控制方法

提出一种计及风电出力不确定性的电力系统静态安全校正控制方法。考虑与风电预测方法的合理对接,采用风电预测出力的区间及期望值信息描述风电的不确定性。以调整措施耗费的经济成本最小为目标,考虑发电机出力调整和切负荷2种控制措施,建立考虑风电波动的有功安全校正控制模型。基于分布鲁棒线性优化理论,将含有不确定性参数的校正控制模型转化为仅含确定性参数的鲁棒对等模型,并采用线性规划方法进行求解。某区域电网算例结果表明,所提模型得到的校正控制方案能够应对各种可能的风电波动;同时,该模型可实现控制策略经济性与鲁棒性的相互转化,并能给出控制策略鲁棒性程度的概率评价。     

高度测量过程的控制和实施

通过对高度测量过程的识别、策划、设计以及测量不确定度的分析,论述了高度测量实施和控制的全过程,指出确保测量过程是在要求的不确定度限值之内进行,通过实施监视确保迅速检测出存在的问题并及时采取纠正措施,防止出现错误的测量结果。     

Stability-based minimization of load shedding in weakly interconnected systems for real-time applications

The transient stability of power systems is highly affected by the changes in the power generation and load levels. Due to the variability of the generating resources, the system stability can be provoked and the system stability limits can be reached as a result of certain sudden drop in the power generation. In these cases, the load shedding can act as an effective emergency corrective action for keeping system stability; however, over-shedding of loads results in severe economical as well as social security problems. Therefore, minimization of the load shedding required for the restoration of the system stability is one of the main objectives of this paper. Another critical issue related to successful load shedding is the fast assessment of the system stability, and the amount of the load shedding as well as the implementation of the load shedding corrective action. Therefore, this paper presents a fast method of stability assessment and load shedding requirements in the weakly interconnected power system. The method is an improved form of the extended equal area criterion (EEAC) where the required system equivalence is based on the availability of wide area monitoring (WAM) devices in modern power systems. The paper also investigates the impact of the implementation duration of the required load shedding. The results are verified through time domain simulations which confirm the accuracy of the presented method and its suitability for real-time applications.