Lewis酸／SOCl_2复合引发体系α－蒎烯聚合作用研究

研究了由多种Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸（ＦｅＣｌ３、ＡｌＣｌ３、ＴｉＣｌ４、ＢＦ３·ＯＥｔ２等）与ＳＯＣｌ２配制成的一类新型聚合引发剂，比较了它们对α－蒎烯的引发复合性能。结果表明复合引发体系的活性比之单独的Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸均大幅度提高，活性大小顺序为：ＢＦ３·ＯＥｔ２／ＳＯＣｌ２＞ＴｉＣｌ４／ＳＯＣｌ２≈ＡｌＣｌ３／ＳＯＣｌ２＞ＦｅＣｌ３／ＳＯＣｌ２，与它们的配位能力大小顺序一致。系统考察了ＴｉＣｌ４／ＳＯＣｌ２体系的聚合性能，研究了复合引发剂组分比、溶剂、活泼单体苯乙烯、外加Ｌｅｗｉｓ碱以及聚合条件等对α－蒎烯聚合动力学、产物分子量及其分子结构的影响，据之讨论了该复合引发剂的作用机制，提出了活性种本质的看法。     

异戊二烯阳离子聚合物链结构EI

用ＡｌＣｌ３、ＴｉＣｌ４、ＢＦ３ＯＥｔ２和ＣＦ３ＳＯ３Ｈ在不同溶剂中引发异戊二烯阳离子聚合反应，结果表明，反应条件对聚合物结构有很大影响。ＡｌＣｌ３引发的聚合反应生成不溶性交联产物和可溶聚合物两部分，后者又包含了环状和线型链（主要是１，４和３，４结构单元）两种主要链节，由ＣＦ３ＳＯ３Ｈ引发的聚合反应只生成可溶性聚合物，聚合物链全部由环状结构组成。ＴｉＣｌ４和ＢＦ３ＯＥｔ２引发的聚合反应受反应介质影响较大，在正己烷中有交联产物生成，可溶性聚合物链包含环状结构和线型链，当用极性的二氯甲烷或用甲苯作反应介质时，交联反应得到完全的抑制，且聚合物链的环状结构分数显著增加。     

AlOOH对Al2O3直接凝固注模成型坯体强度等性能影响

为了改善直接注模成型（ＤＣＣ）氧化铝的坯体性能，在Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＤＣＣ过程中加入ＡｌＯＯＨ本文详细研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋ＡｌＯＯＨ体系的湿坯性能，干燥行为及烧结致密化过程，结果表明，少量ＡｌＯＯＨ加入可显著提高Ａｌ２Ｏ３的湿坯抗压强度和弹性模量，当ＡｌＯＯＨ体积含量〈３．０％时对干燥过程没有影响，干燥坯体经无压烧结后可获得烧结密度达３．９７ｇ／ｃｍ＾３（９９．７％ＴＤ）。显微结构均匀的α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３相。     

Cl2／TiCl4体系引发异丁烯阳离子聚合的研究

采用紫外光谱法证明了Ｃｌ２／ＴｉＣｌ４引发异丁烯聚合体系中同时存在着两种引发活性中心及络合竞争。经过陈化可消去其中的（ＴｉＣｌ４←Ｈ２Ｏ）活性中心。探讨了陈化对聚合产物的影响。研究了单体浓度、引发剂浓度、反应温度和反应时间对聚合产物的分子量及其分布，转化率的影响。得到了反应条件下的活性中心向单体链转移常数ＣＭ，向引发剂链转移常数Ｃ１在不同温度范围的聚合度活化能。     

1,3—戊二烯阳离子聚合反应动力学

研究了以Ａｌ（ＯＴｆ）３引发的１，３－戊二烯（ＰＤ）在二氯甲烷和正己烷中的阳离子聚合动力学。根据聚合反应引发速度快并呈现转化率不完全的实验事实，提出了快速引发活性中心浓度逐渐降低的非稳态假定，根据这个假定推导出的非稳态动力学方程能较好地与实验数据相吻合。在二氯甲烷中链增长反应速度大于在正己烷中的速度，而链终止反应在二氯甲烷中的速度小于正己烷中的速度，因此在二氯甲烷中聚合反应呈现较高的反应速率及转化     

1,3—戊二烯阳离子聚合物链结构

采用以三氟甲基磺酸铝（（ＣＦ３ＳＯ３）３Ａｌ）为引发剂，二氯甲烷为溶剂的阳离子聚合方法制备了聚（１，３－戊二烯）。     

AlOOH对Al2O3直接凝固注模成型的动电特性、流变性及凝固过程的影响

直接凝固注模成型（ＤＣＣ）是一种新的近净尺寸的陶瓷成型技术，但湿坯强度较低（与注凝成型和注射成型相比），为了提高Ａｌ２Ｏ３直接凝固成型后的坯体强度，在Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＤＣＣ过程中ＡｌＯＯＨ，本文系统考察了Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋ＡｌＯＯＨ体系的电动特性、流变性及凝固过程，重点讨论了ＡｌＯＯＨ加入对体系凝固行为，如活性酶添加量、固化过程动力学的影响。     

SYNTHESIS OF NANOCRYSTALLINE α-ALUMINA POWDER THROUGH WET-CHEMICAL ROUTE

以Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３和ＮＨ３水为原料制备Ａｌ（ＯＨ）干凝胶，经煅烧合成了α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３纳米粉。Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３干凝胶煅烧过程中的物相变化顺序为Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３－γ－ＡｌＯＯＨ     

Lewis酸引发的1，3－戊二烯阳离子聚合

以ＡｌＣｌ_３、ＢＦ_３·ＯＥｔ_２、ＴｉＣｌ_４和ＡｌＢｒ_３等Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸为引发剂，在不同溶剂中（正己烷、二氯甲烷、甲苯）于３０℃引发１，３－戊二烯阳离子聚合。实验结果表明，ＡｌＣｌ_３和ＢＦ_３·ＯＥｔ_２显示出较高的催化活性，ＡｌＣｌ_３引发的聚合反应得到的聚合物具有较高的分子量，但聚合反应过程中总是伴随交联产物的生成。用甲苯作溶剂时交联反应可以被抑制。ＩＲ和￣１ＨＮＭＲ结果表明，甲苯作为聚合反应的链转移剂参与了链转移反应。     

Lewis酸引发的1,3—戊二烯阳离子聚合

以ＡｌＣｌ３，ＢＦ３．ＯＥｔ２，ＴｉＣｌ４和ＡｌＢ３等Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸为引发剂，在不同溶剂中于３０℃引发１，３－戊二烯阳离子聚合。实验结果表明，ＡｌＣｌ３和ＢＦ３．ＯＥｔ２显示出较高的催化活性，ＡｌＣｌ３引发的聚合反应得到的聚合物具有较高的分子量，但聚合反应过程中总是伴随交联产物的生成。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from