B对亚共晶钛硅合金凝固行为的影响

研究了微量B对亚共晶钛硅合金(Ti-5Si)微观组织的影响,分析了B原子在金属凝固过程中树枝晶形成和共晶反应中的作用.金相组织观察和SEM试验结果表明,亚共晶钛硅合金(Ti-5Si)中添加微量B,可以显著改变微观组织中树枝晶的形貌,减少初生树枝晶含量,提高共晶组织含量.分析认为,这归因于微量B的添加可以提高亚共晶钛硅合金(Ti-5Si)中硅的当量值.     

钛硅系铸造合金的微观组织演变

研究了钛硅系铸造合金的相组成、微观组织。X射线衍射试验表明,随着硅含量的增加,Ti5Si3相（ζ）的衍射峰越来越明显。同时,合金由固溶体的片状或网蓝片组织逐渐演变为典型的棒状共晶组织。结果表明,钛硅系铸造合金与传统的铸造钛合金有着截然不同的微观组织特征。     

Zr和Ce对Ti-11Si亚共晶合金组织及压缩性能的影响

采用显微组织观察(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)以及压缩性能测试等手段,研究了元素Zr和Ce对Ti-11 at%Si铸态亚共晶合金组织和室温压缩性能的影响。结果表明,在Ti-Si亚共晶合金中添加8.0 at%的Zr可降低Si在α-Ti中的固溶度,促进硅化物细小、弥散析出,可改善合金的压缩强度和塑性。而添加0.5 at%的Ce可以明显细化α-Ti枝晶和共晶团组织,也可提高合金的压缩强度和塑性。且Ce对Ti-Si亚共晶合金的细晶强化效果比Zr要好。物相分析和EDS结果表明,Zr和Ce都主要存在于Ti5Si3相中,Zr则取代了部分Ti原子,形成了(Ti,Zr)5Si3相,Ce取代了部分Si原子,形成了三元硅化物Ti5(Si,Ce)3相。     

激光熔炼Ti5Si3／NiTi金属间化合物合金的组织及耐磨性

设计并利用激光熔炼技术制备出了以Ti5Si3为增强相、以NiTi为基体的金属间化合物新型耐磨合金，研究了增强相Ti5Si3的含量对合金显微组织、显微硬度及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明，随Ti5Si3含量的增加，合金显微组织由亚共晶向共晶、过共晶转化，增强相Ti5Si3由细层片状共晶相向块状初生相转变，合金显微硬度随之显著提高；在室温干滑动磨损条件下，Ti5Si3／NiTi金属间化合物合金具有优异的耐磨性，并随Ti5Si3增强相的增加而显著提高。Ti5Si3增强相的高硬度和NiTi基体的高韧性及伪弹性效应是该合金具有优异耐磨性能的主要原因。     

热处理及Mn元素对汽车发动机用过共晶铝硅合金组织的影响

针对传统铸造法加工过共晶铝硅合金组织粗大,合金性能恶化的问题,研究了热处理和元素Mn对过共晶铝硅合金中粗大富铁相的细化作用。研究表明:过共晶铝硅合金Al-16Si-2Fe经T6热处理工艺后,共晶硅形貌从短针状变为粒状,粗大针状富铁相β-Al_5Fe Si形貌未发生变化,热处理无法达到细化富铁相的目的。元素Mn对共晶铝硅合金Al-16Si-2Fe中富铁相形貌改善明显,可使粗大富铁相β-Al_5Fe Si转化为细小颗粒状和枝晶状的Al_(15)(Fe Mn)_3Si_2相。当Mn含量为2wt%时,Al-16Si-2Fe合金中富铁相细化效果最佳。     

含钛高炉渣直接提取Ti5Si3及杂质去除机理

采用固体透氧膜可控氧流冶金技术,利用含钛高炉渣成功提取出Ti5Si3合金粉末。SEM、XRD和EDX分析表明:含钛高炉渣中Ca、Mg、Al等金属杂质得以有效去除,获得的Ti5Si3相具有与直接电解钛硅混合氧化物(摩尔比TiO2:SiO2=5:3)产物相似的微观形貌及物相组成。同时对熔盐电解过程的杂质去除机理进行了分析。     

Ti-8.15Si合金组织与性能研究

使用冷壁坩埚真空感应炉熔炼及金属模铸造方法,制备了Ti-8.15Si合金。利用光学显微镜、XRD、SEM、多功能试验机等技术,研究了合金的凝固组织特点、热处理对组织形貌的影响及抗压性能。结果表明,Ti-8.15Si合金可以获得αTi和Ti5Si3化合物形成的共晶组织,初生Ti5Si3相为比较粗大的棒状,共晶Ti5Si3相为细小的枝状或棒状,横断面呈六角形结构。1323K保温60min热处理使粗大棒状的Ti5Si3相显著减小;枝状Ti5Si3相变成非连续的、细小的粒状形态,改进了抗压综合性能。保温120minTi5Si3相逐渐长大,并且有少量块状的Ti3Si相生成,保温时间延长到180min,Ti3Si相数量明显增多,材料的硬度和抗压强度增加,塑性降低。     

钛硅共晶金属陶瓷的发展与展望

从钛硅二元相图及金属间化合物-Ti5si3的性能出发,分析钛硅共晶金属陶瓷优良的铸造性能、机械性能及存在的问题;报导国外对钛硅合金研究的最新成果以及该合金的应用前景。     

近α-Ti合金Ti_3Si相电子衍射分析

在近α-Ti合金中加入适量的Si,能提高其高温强度。Si与Ti、Zr形成细小的硅化物相,分布于α相的内部和边界,起到强化作用。我们曾用电子衍射方法,对几种含Si的钛合金的弥散相进行分析。结果,除了(Ti,Zr)_5Si_3和Zr_5Si_3两种六方晶格的硅化物相外,许多含硅的钦合金也存在四方晶格的TiSi相。     

过共晶铝硅合金中铝硅共晶相取向关系

许多文献得出了亚共晶铝硅合金共晶相存在一定的晶体学取向关系,但是过共晶合金中铝硅相的取向关系并没有文献明确给出。本实验在借鉴亚共晶铝硅合金的共晶相取向关系:(220)Al∥(111)Si〔111〕Al∥〔011〕Si,研究了过共晶铝硅合金的共晶相取向关系。通过标定过共晶铝硅合金两相区衍射斑点指数,确定了过共晶相的取向关系。结果表明过共晶铝硅合金共晶相具有与亚共晶铝硅合金共晶相相同的晶体学取向关系。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.