改进工艺技术提高酮苯装置脱油蜡收率

为提高酮苯装置脱油蜡收率,大庆炼化公司于2004年对工艺进行了改进。具体改进措施有:①保证原料质量和性能稳定性;②控制溶剂质量,及时调整系统溶剂比;③增加全滤液循环量;④降低脱油系统的操作温度并调整溶剂比;⑤保证过滤效果;⑥加强真空密闭系统的操作;⑦控制好脱油蜡的熔点。技术改进后,酮苯脱蜡装置脱油蜡综合收率提高了1.47%。     

馏分脱酚操作参数的研究和改进

通过实验模拟了馏分脱酚过程,考察了反应时间、反应温度、加碱密度、加碱量对脱酚效率的影响,考察了静置时间对酚盐中性油的影响以及不同的轻油对酚盐洗涤效果的影响,得出了馏分脱酚的最佳工艺条件。以实验数据为基础,结合现场实际情况,优化和调整了馏分脱酚工艺操作参数。改进后酚油、萘油、洗油的脱酚效率分别提高了3.7%、2.6%、4.9%,酚盐中性油、游离碱含量分别下降了48%、37%。     

国内简讯

磺氧化产物脱油分离新工艺的研究磺氧化技术在国内进行过研究，但未实现工业生产，除磺氧化工艺和引发剂的应用技术需要改进外，脱油精制技术也是重要关键。近几年，湖南省轻工业研究所参考Snpa工艺（采用以C_5以上弱极性醇作溶剂萃取分酸——减压蒸发脱油，回收溶剂），进行了磺氧化产物脱油分离新工艺的研究。     

酸性水脱油技术的持续改进

在酸性水汽提装置的正常运行中,酸性水脱油技术的提升对酸性水的汽提效果有着很大的影响,主要对酸性水脱油技术的改进和起到的积极作用方面进行阐述,希望能够为同行从业者提供一定的借鉴。     

微波处理低含油乳化液的均匀设计试验研究

采用均匀设计试验方法,研究了微波处理低含油乳化液的脱油率与微波辐射功率、脱油温度、油的质量分数之间的关系,并应用MATLAB编程拟合出相应的经验公式,回归效果显著。结果表明,脱油率随微波辐射功率的增大呈负指数规律增加,随脱油温度的升高呈线性增加,随油的质量分数的增加呈2次关系减小;脱油温度与油的质量分数存在交互效应,含油率的升高会减小脱油温度对脱油率的影响,而脱油温度的升高会增大油的质量分数对脱油率的影响;当微波辐射功率为247.0 W/(60 mL)、脱油温度为90.4℃、油的质量分数为5.0%时,根据拟合公式得到静置30 min乳化液的脱油率达到最大22.21%。     

Shell工艺改沥青原料后碳黑回收方案分析

叙述了Shell工艺原料由渣油改为脱油沥青后,碳黑回收方案的改进要求及试验情况,并对几种方案 进行了适应性对比分析。     

酮苯溶剂脱蜡、脱油试验对不同原料试验的结果分析

通过对不同原料进行酮苯溶剂脱蜡、脱油试验,分析了不同原料脱蜡、脱油试验所得的脱蜡油、脱油蜡的质量。并利用气相色谱、红外光谱等分析仪对脱蜡油、脱油蜡的化学结构组成分析。试验表明:酮苯溶剂脱蜡、脱油技术可以应用范围较广的各种原料。     

基于Aspen Plus的粗苯回收模拟及优化

利用稳态流程软件Aspen Plus模拟了焦化化产回收系统中的粗苯回收工段的流程,在此基础上,利用灵敏度分析工具对富油脱苯塔操作参数(进料板位置,回流比)进行优化与改进,并最终得出优化方案:富油脱苯塔塔板数为11,进料板位置为6,最佳回流比为5.8,通过操作参数的优化,提高脱苯效果。     

喷雾脱油生产微晶蜡工艺研究

着重介绍了喷雾脱油生产微晶蜡原理并对影响喷雾脱油生产微晶蜡的关键因素进行了考察,找出喷雾脱油生产微晶蜡的合适工艺条件。     

催化剂脱油技术在沸腾床加氢装置中的应用

介绍了沸腾床加氢工艺的发展及在国内的应用情况,简述了沸腾床加氢装置卸出催化剂进行脱油的必要性。热氮气提脱油方法在国内首套沸腾床加氢装置的工业化应用表明:该脱油工艺流程简单,操作方便,脱油率高达98.65%,提高了资源回收利用率;脱油后的催化剂可达到国内催化剂再生技术的要求,具有较好的经济和环保效益。     

环糊精及其衍生物在高效毛细管电泳手性拆分中的应用

高效毛细管电泳 ( HPCE)在手性拆分中的应用近年受到普遍关注。含有手性添加剂环糊精 ( CD)及其衍生物的毛细管区带电泳 ( CZE)和胶束电动毛细管色谱 ( MECC)拆分体系方面研究非常活跃。综述了 CD- CZE和 CD-MECC体系 ,探讨了各体系的拆分机理和各实验条件对拆分结果的影响。     

石脑油高效资源化研究进展

为了实现石脑油的高效资源化利用,需开发石脑油高效分离技术。简述了石脑油正/异构烷烃吸附分离原理及分离技术现状,介绍了新型吸附剂材料的研发进展,包括金属有机框架材料(MOFs)、沸石咪唑框架材料(ZIFs)、碳分子筛(CMS)、中空沸石分子筛等,阐述了新型吸附材料对正构烷烃的分离效果和分离机理,探讨了新型吸附剂、膜分离技术和吸附-膜分离耦合技术用于分离石脑油中正/异构烷烃的可行性,展望了新型正/异构烷烃分离技术,以期为石脑油高效资源化利用提供新途径。     

Recovery of nickel,cobalt, copper and zinc in sulphate and chloride solutions using synergistic solvent extraction

A number of synergistic solvent extraction (SSX) systems have been developed to recover nickel, cobalt, zinc and copper from sulphuric and chloride leach solutions by the solvent extraction team of CSIRO, Australia. These in-clude (1) Versatic 10/CLX50 system for the separation of Ni from Ca in sulphate solutions, (2) Versatic 10/4PC system for the separation of Ni and Co from Mn/Mg/Ca in sulphate solutions, (3) Cyanex 471X/HRJ-4277 system for the separation of Zn from Cd in sulphate solutions, (4) Versatic 10/LIX63 system for the separation of Co from Mn/Mg/Ca in sulphate solutions, (5) Versatic 10/LIX63/TBP system for separation of Ni and Co from Mn/Mg/Ca in sulphate solutions, (6) Versatic 10/LIX63 system for the separation of cobalt from nickel in sulphate solutions by difference in kinetics, (7) Cyanex 272/LIX84 system for the separation of Cu/Fe/Zn from Ni/Co in sulphate solutions, (8) Versatic 10/LIX63/TBP system to recover Cu/Ni from strong chloride solutions, and (9) Versatic 10/LIX63 system to separate Cu from Fe in strong chloride solutions. The synergistic effect on metal separation and efficiency is presented and possible industrial applications are demonstrated. The chemical stability of selected SSX systems is also reported.     

Phase separation time/temperature dependence of thermoplastics-modified thermosetting systems

The cure-induced phase separation processes of various thermoplastics(TP)-modified thermosetting systems which show upper critical solution temperature (UCST) or lower critical solution temperature (LCST) were studied with emphasis on the temperature dependency of the phase separation time and its potential application in the cure time-temperature processing window. We found that the phase separation time/temperature relationship follows the simple Arrhenius equation. The cure-induced phase separation activation energy E_a(ps) generated from the linear fitting of the Arrhenius equation is irrelevant to the detection means of phase separation time. We also found that E_a(ps) is insensitive to TP content, TP molecular weight and curing rate, but it changes with the cure reaction kinetics and the chemical environment of the systems. With the established phase separation time-temperature dependence relation, we can easily establish the whole cure time-temperature transformation (TTT) diagram with morphology information which is a useful map for the TP/TS composites processing industry.     

Modelling of the Am(III) – Cm(III) kinetic separation effect observed during metal ion extraction by bis-(1,2,4)-triazine ligands

The kinetic separation effect was observed leading to a separation factor for Am(III) over Cm(III) as high as 7.9 by using 2,9-bis-(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-1,10-phenantroline (BTPhen) ligands in our recent study. In an attempt to explain the observed tendencies, several kinetic models were tested. A model based on mass transfer as the rate-controlling process was found to best describe the kinetic data and allowed to simulate the dependence of Am/Cm separation factor on time. The calculated values of the overall mass-transfer coefficients confirmed that the observed kinetic effect was caused by the different rates of Am(III) and Cm(III) extraction. This kinetic separation phenomenon and its explanation paves the way for potential new approaches to separation of metal ions with very similar properties, such as the adjacent minor actinides Am(III) and Cm(III).     

氢同位素的低温精馏分离及模拟技术

低温精馏分离氢同位素的技术,是可使聚变反应器燃料循环使用的有效方法。在研究低温精馏氢同位素的过程中,必须考虑到物系的特殊性,如氚具有衰变热、氢溶液的非理想性,以及严格的分离要求等。文章从理论及实际出发综述了氢同位素低温精馏体系的发展过程,并比较和讨论了各种流程的构造及特点,总结了氢同位素低温精馏模拟研究的发展历程和目前状况。提出进一步研究低温精馏分离氢同位素的必要性。     

新型渗透蒸发膜聚甲基双苯基硅氧烷膜的制备和分离

采用2种不同配方制备出苯基含量不同的聚甲基双苯基硅氧烷(PMPhS)膜并用于分离苯-水体系。接触角测定结果表明2种膜比PDMS膜亲苯疏水性增强。以渗透通量和分离因子为评价指标,研究了原料液温度、流动状况、质量分数、膜下游侧压力对渗透蒸发分离性能的影响,结果表明,随着原料液温度、流速以及料液浓度的提高,通量和分离因子都增加,随着下游侧压力的升高,通量和分离因子均降低。     

油水强化分离技术

油水混合物广泛存在于各类工业过程中,其体系性质、强化分离技术一直是化工分离领域研究的重要课题之一。以沉降、旋流、电聚结等常规物理分离技术配合化学药剂破乳的传统分离方法,存在分离效率低、二次污染等问题,近年来以多物理场耦合、新型分离材料等为代表的强化分离技术的发展受到广泛关注。本文以石油工业中大体量的油包水型原油乳状液和水包油型含油污水乳状液的分离为对象,阐述了油水混合物的形成、体系分类及其基本理化性质,通过分析微观界面膜指出打破乳状液的稳定性是强化分离的关键,并从常规分离技术、外场强化、分离材料、耦合强化等方面系统介绍了各类分离技术及其特点,最后对油水强化分离技术的研究和发展方向进行了展望。     

Similarly sized protein separation of charge‐selective ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymer membrane by grafting dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate

Similarly sized protein separation was investigated using a charge‐selective membrane, which prepared by grafting dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) onto ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) membrane. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bovine hemoglobin (BHb) was used as model proteins. P(DMAEMA), the weak cationic polyelectrolyte with ionizable tertiary amine groups, contributed to the charge‐selective separation for BSA and BHb. At pH 6.0, the grafted EVAL membrane surface was positively charged and BSA was negatively charged, while BHb was positively charged. The BSA was adsorbed onto the membrane surface due to electrostatic interaction and the BHb passed through the membrane into the permeate. The charge‐selective behavior resulted in the separation of the similarly sized protein. The maximum separation factors of static adsorption separation for model protein and binary mixture were 32.4 and 37.2, respectively. In the dynamic separation process, the maximum separation factor value was 6.2. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46374.     

SEPARATION VECTOR: A NEW METHOD TO REPRESENT AND MEASURE SEPARATION

A new separation system representation by its stream separation vector is proposed. The separation characteristics of a separation system can be clearly discerned by the geometrical properties of the separation vectors. We have formulated the geometrical as well as the algebraic (in metric tensor terms) foundation of the separation manifold. A series of separation indices are formulated with the metric tensor from the separation vectors. These separation indices can provide an exhaustive characterization of a general separation system in ways that were not previously possible. The properties of these new indices are illustrated with two examples and the usage of the separation vector representation and these indices is presented with three potential application examples.