Vitamin A deficiency and inflammatory markers among preschool children in the Republic of the Marshall Islands

Background  

The exclusion of individuals with elevated acute phase proteins has been advocated in order to improve prevalence estimates of vitamin A deficiency in surveys, but it is unclear whether this will lead to sampling bias. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the exclusion of individuals with elevated acute phase proteins is associated with sampling bias and to characterize inflammation in children with night blindness.     

"They all work...when you stick to them": A qualitative investigation of dieting,weight loss,and physical exercise,in obese individuals

Background  

To explore the extent to which people living with obesity have attempted to lose weight, their attitudes towards dieting, physical exercise and weight loss solutions, why their weight loss attempts have failed, and their opinions about what would be most beneficial to them in their struggle with their weight.     

Test-retest reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and estimated effects on disease risk in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC)

Background  

The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC) is a national population-based cohort study with 102 443 women enrolled at age 30–70 y from 1991 to 1997. The present study was a methodological sub-study to assess the test-retest reproducibility of the NOWAC food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and to study how measurement errors in the data can affect estimates of disease risk.     

Antioxidant intake,plasma antioxidants and oxidative stress in a randomized,controlled, parallel,Mediterranean dietary intervention study on patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Background  

Previously we have reported that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) obtained a significant reduction in disease activity by adopting a Mediterranean-type diet. The present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant intake, the plasma levels of antioxidants and a marker of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) during the study presented earlier.     

Effect of carbohydrate-protein supplement timing on acute exercise-induced muscle damage

Purpose  

To determine if timing of a supplement would have an effect on muscle damage, function and soreness.     

Plasma retinol,carotene and vitamin E concentrations and lung function in a crocidolite-exposed cohort from Wittenoom,Western Australia: a cohort study

Background  

Increased rates of death from asbestos related diseases have been reported for people previously employed in the mining and milling operations at Wittenoom (Western Australia), and people who lived in the nearby town, where they were environmentally exposed to crocidolite.     

Effects of Methoxyisoflavone, Ecdysterone, and Sulfo-Polysaccharide Supplementation on Training Adaptations in Resistance-Trained Males

Purpose  

Methoxyisoflavone (M), 20-hydroxyecdysone (E), and sulfo-polysaccharide (CSP3) have been marketed to athletes as dietary supplements that can increase strength and muscle mass during resistance-training. However, little is known about their potential ergogenic value. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these supplements affect training adaptations and/or markers of muscle anabolism/catabolism in resistance-trained athletes.     

An iron-based beverage, HydroFerrate fluid (MRN-100), alleviates oxidative stress in murine lymphocytes in vitro

Background  

Several studies have examined the correlation between iron oxidation and H₂O₂ degradation. The present study was carried out to examine the protective effects of MRN-100 against stress-induced apoptosis in murine splenic cells in vitro. MRN-100, or HydroFerrate fluid, is an iron-based beverage composed of bivalent and trivalent ferrates.     

Comparative Theoretical Study of Adsorption and Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid, Hydrazine and Isopropanol on Pd(111) Surface

Abstract  

Adsorption and dehydrogenation of formic acid, hydrazine and isopropanol have been investigated using periodic density functional theory (DFT). All the intermediates and transition states have been optimized and the preferred reaction pathways have been found. The adsorption energies for the most stable mode of formic acid, hydrazine and isopropanol are 38.6 kJ/mol, 63.9 kJ/mol and 46.1 kJ/mol, respectively. The dehydrogenation mechanisms of formic acid, hydrazine and isopropanol on Pd(111) surface are proposed and calculated. According to the calculation results, dehydrogenation of formate is more favorable than those of other molecules/groups, and that can be an explanation for the high reactivity of formats in Pd catalyzed transfer hydrogenation.     

Prevalence, sources, and predictors of soy consumption in breast cancer

Background  

A number of components in soy appear to have anticancer properties, including the isoflavones, genistein and daidzein. The use of soy by women with breast cancer is now being questioned because of the estrogen-like effects of isoflavones and possible interactions with tamoxifen. Clinicians providing nutrition counseling to these women are concerned because the availability of soy foods has increased dramatically in the past few years. The goal of this study was to quantify the intake of isoflavones in women with breast cancer.     

Assessment of a new synbiotic preparation in healthy volunteers: survival,persistence of probiotic strains and its effect on the indigenous flora

Background  

Use of synbiotic preparations as dietary supplement is believed to be a valid approach to restore and maintain colonic microflora. However, only few papers have been published on the assessment of these food supplements and none of them have used molecular biology techniques to evaluate the effects of the probiotic components.     

Usage patterns,health, and nutritional status of long-term multiple dietary supplement users: a cross-sectional study

Background  

Dietary supplement use in the United States is prevalent and represents an important source of nutrition. However, little is known about individuals who routinely consume multiple dietary supplements. This study describes the dietary supplement usage patterns, health, and nutritional status of long-term multiple dietary supplement users, and where possible makes comparisons to non-users and multivitamin/mineral supplement users.     

Vitamin A status of healthy children in Manisa,Turkey

Background  

Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health nutrition problem in the developing world. Even subclinical Vitamin A deficiency is associated with increased childhood mortality. Severe maternal vitamin A deficiency may cause increased mortality in the first months of life. There have been a limited number of studies regarding vitamin A status in Turkey. The aim of this study was to assess vitamin A status of healthy children in Manisa, Turkey.     

A DFT Study on the Adsorption of Formic Acid and Its Oxidized Intermediates on (100) Facets of Pt,Au, Monolayer and Decorated Pt@Au Surfaces

Abstract  

In this work we have systematically characterized the adsorption of formic acid, its decomposed intermediates and products on the (100) surfaces of Pt, Au, monolayer and decorated Pt@Au surfaces. The calculated thermodynamic results validate our previous experimental results that the decorated Pt@Au surface may facilitate formic acid oxidation compared with the benchmark Pt catalyst; while the monolayer Pt@Au surface is not suitable for formic acid oxidation.     

The role of the carotenoids,lutein and zeaxanthin,in protecting against age-related macular degeneration: A review based on controversial evidence

Purpose  

A review of the role of the carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, and their function in altering the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).     

Effects of 28 days of resistance exercise and consuming a commercially available pre-workout supplement, NO-Shotgun?, on body composition, muscle strength and mass, markers of satellite cell activation, and clinical safety markers in males

Purpose  

This study determined the effects of 28 days of heavy resistance exercise combined with the nutritional supplement, NO-Shotgun^?, on body composition, muscle strength and mass, markers of satellite cell activation, and clinical safety markers.     

Simple,Efficient, and Applicable Route for Synthesis of 2-Aryl(Heteroaryl)-Benzimidazoles at Room Temperature Using Copper Nanoparticles on Activated Carbon as a Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst

Abstract  

A series of 2-(hetero)arylbenzimidazoles were synthesized by the catalytic condensation of (hetero)aryl aldehydes with 1,2-phenylenediamine derivatives at room temperature in the presence of air as the oxidant. Copper nanoparticles on charcoal was employed as an efficient and mild catalyst for this methodology.     

Changes in energy expenditure associated with ingestion of high protein,high fat versus high protein,low fat meals among underweight,normal weight,and overweight females

Background  

Metabolic rate is known to rise above basal levels after eating, especially following protein consumption. Yet, this postprandial rise in metabolism appears to vary among individuals. This study examined changes in energy expenditure in response to ingestion of a high protein, high fat (HPHF) meal versus an isocaloric high protein, low fat (HPLF) meal in underweight, normal weight, or overweight females (n = 21) aged 19–28 years.     

Rigid and Flexible Lanthanide Complexes with an Infinite Ln–O–Ln Framework: Synthesis,Structure and Properties

Abstract  

A series of new lanthanide coordination polymers, Ln(pydc)(Hglu) (Ln = Nd(1), Pr(2); H₂glu = glutaric acid; 2,5-H₂pydc = 2,5-pyridine dicarboxylic acid), have been synthesized hydrothermally from the self-assembly of the lanthanide ions (Ln³⁺) with rigid 2,5-pyridine dicarboxylic acid and flexible glutaric acid. They were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural analyses reveal that both of the complexes were crystallized in monoclinic space group P2₁/c and have intricate 3D net-structures, which contain an infinite 1D Ln–O–Ln chain structure. In addition, the phase purities of the bulk samples were identified by X-ray powder diffraction. The thermogravimetric analysis of 1 is discussed in detail.     

Indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion from a standard liquid meal test in subjects with type 2 diabetes, impaired or normal fasting glucose

Background  

To provide an initial evaluation of insulin sensitivity and secretion indices derived from a standard liquid meal tolerance test protocol in subjects with normal (NFG), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes mellitus.