世界导电塑料工业化进展

综述了用于导电塑料制造的新型导电添加剂(如碳纳米管、纳米石墨微片、导电钛酸钾晶须等)、高性能特殊用途的导电塑料材料、母料技术、本征导电及离子导电塑料合金技术等,列举了许多国际知名厂商的相关新产品牌号,为导电塑料新品开发提供参考.     

纳米石墨片/炭黑/氯醋树脂复合导电膜的制备及性能研究

以氯醋树脂P(VC-Co-VAc)为基体,采用原位还原萃取分散技术制备了纳米石墨片复合导电膜,通过与炭黑填料的对比,考察了导电填料的几何形状以及两相导电填料之间的协同作用对复合膜导电性能的影响.结果表明:纳米石墨片在基体中分散良好,其复合膜的导电性能明显优于炭黑导电膜;当纳米石墨片和炭黑的体积比为4:6时,二者的协同作用最佳,其导电性明显优于相同含量下的单相填料复合导电膜.     

导电纳米颗粒对Sb:SnO2薄膜性能影响研究

采用水热晶化法,通过控制水热反应条件、溶液的浓度以及矿化剂的种类等因素,制备出分散性及导电性良好的SnO2纳米颗粒.采用溶胶-凝胶浸渍镀膜的方法制备Sb掺杂SnO2薄膜,在镀膜溶液的配制过程中引入SnO2纳米颗粒悬浮液,经陈化后最终得到镀膜溶液.采用van der Pauw法、UV/VIS分光光度计以及Fourier变换红外光谱仪研究和分析了添加纳米颗粒对膜层导电性能、光学性能以及膜层结构的影响;采用场发射扫描电镜研究了膜层的表面形貌.结果表明导电纳米颗粒的加入可有效提高膜层的导电性能,当SnO2纳米颗粒添加质量分数为10%时,膜层的电阻率为6.5×10…3Ω·cm;添加和未添加纳米颗粒的膜层的可见光透过率均为85%.纳米颗粒参与了溶胶-凝胶制备薄膜网络的形成,提高了膜层结构的连续性,从而使膜层具有较好的导电性能和光学性能.     

热处理温度对Sb:SnO2导电粉结构和性能的影响

SnO2超细粉用作透明导电膜和导电涂料具有广阔的应用前景.以SnCl4·5H2O和SbCl3为原料,采用共沉淀法制得了纳米级的SnO2超细粉.运用差热-失重分析(DSC-TG)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和紫外光谱分析(UV)等观测手段对微粉末进行了表征,比较系统地研究了热处理温度对粉末颗粒度和电阻的影响规律,探讨了Sb:SnO2导电粉的显色特性.     

热处理工艺对纳米级掺锑SnO2导电粉结构和性能的影响

SnO2超细粉用作透明导电膜和导电涂料具有广阔的应用前景.以SnCl4·5H2O和SbCL3为原料,采用共沉淀法制得了纳米级的SnO2超细粉.运用差示扫描量热法-失重分析(DSC-TG)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和紫外可见光光谱分析(UV)等观测手段对微粉末进行了表征,比较系统地研究了热处理工艺(温度、时间)对粉末颗粒度和电阻的影响规律,探讨了掺锑SnO2导电粉的显色特性.     

纳米碳/纳米金葡萄糖生物传感器的制备及其影响机制

研究碳基纳米材料与纳米金(GNPs)颗粒的组合方式对葡萄糖(GLU)催化检测性能的影响。以离子液体(IL)作为导电性质的粘合剂,将碳基材料粘合在电极表面,并电沉积纳米金颗粒,制备成修饰电极。通过改变碳基种类(多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)、单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)、单壁碳纳米角(SWCNHs)、羧化石墨烯(C-GR))制备多种纳米碳修饰电极,对葡萄糖进行电化学检测和优化。实验发现,碳基材料性质影响葡萄糖传感器的灵敏度。其催化效果是MWCNTsSWCNTsC-GRSWCNHs,结果显示纳米材料电子加速通道对其催化性能起关键作用,碳基修饰层上电沉积的单层纳米金对葡萄糖的检测灵敏。通过SEM表征发现,相比于裸玻碳电极(GCE),纳米碳管上电沉积的纳米金颗粒尺寸更微小,且分散在碳纳米管上。组合有利于碳基与纳米金颗粒催化效应的发挥。制备了一种高灵敏无酶葡萄糖传感器,并尝试用于实际血清加标回收检测。     

超高分子量聚乙烯/石墨包覆纳米铜复合导电材料研究

在NaBH4/EDA体系中还原CuCl2石墨层间化合物合成了石墨包覆纳米铜复合填料(GECNP).以GECNP为导电填料,采用球磨共混-热压成型工艺制备了超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)基复合材料.UHMWPE/GECNP复合材料的X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明:在制备过程中无新相生成;扫描电镜(SEM)观察发现:其微观结构均匀,GECNP以纳米片状分散于基体中,构成导电网络;有关导电性的研究表明:复合材料导电机制符合聚合物基复合材料的导电渗滤理论,渗滤阈值为8.766%,低于常规碳系填料.当GECNP体积浓度为12.8%时,体系电导率最高,为7.55S/cm,高于石墨纳米片填料.     

导电 Si3N4 基复相陶瓷研究进展

Si_3N_4陶瓷具有优异的力学性能和导热性能,然而其固有的高硬度和脆性极大地限制了其加工性能。通过添加导电相改善Si3N4陶瓷的导电性能可实现对Si_3N_4陶瓷的电火花加工。添加的导电相主要包括钛基化合物(TiN、TiC、TiC N、TiB_2)、锆基化合物(Zr B_2、Zr N)和MoSi_2等导电陶瓷以及碳纳米管(CNT)、碳纳米纤维(CNF)、石墨烯纳米片(GNP)等导电碳基纳米材料。本论文详细回顾了Si_3N_4基导电陶瓷的研究进展,并对今后Si_3N_4基导电陶瓷的发展趋势进行了展望。     

不同导电剂对硅碳复合负极性能的影响

导电剂的添加对负极材料在电池的循环性能中能否发挥其最优的性能起重要作用.文章以纳米硅碳复合负极材料为研究对象,研究了KS-6(导电炭黑)及SUPER-P(导电石墨)两种导电剂对硅碳复合负极材料电化学性能的影响.通过扫描电镜、电池测试系统分析了两种导电剂、负极片的形貌及负极片的电化学性能.结果表明:添加粒度细小的球形状的...     

金颗粒掺杂对有机-硅光伏电池性能的影响

将金纳米颗粒(Au NPs)掺入导电聚合物聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩∶聚苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT∶PSS)薄膜中,制备了有机-硅杂化光伏电池。利用TEM和SEM对Au NPs及其掺杂的有机膜进行了表征。考察了金纳米颗粒对有机-硅杂化光伏电池光学和电学性能的影响。电池的电流密度-电压曲线(J-V)、外量子效率(EQE)和电容-电压曲线(C-V)测试结果表明,Au NPs的引入提高了电池的光电性能,与纯PEDOT∶PSS-硅电池相比,掺入金纳米颗粒制备的杂化光伏电池的光电转化效率(PCE)提高了24%,达到12.87%;在金纳米颗粒的等离子共振区域,电池对光的反射性能降低;当V(金纳米颗粒)∶V(PEDOT∶PSS)=0.15∶1.0时,膜的导电率由560 S/cm增加到860S/cm、PEDOT∶PSS-硅光伏电池的内建电场(Vbi)由0.68 V增加到0.78 V,金纳米颗粒与PEDOT∶PSS共同作用,极大地减少了电荷在传输过程中的损失,提高了电池中电荷的传输和收集效率。     

PANI/PPY blend thin films electrodeposited for use in EGFET sensors

Galvanostatic electrodeposited thin films of polyaniline (PANI)/polypyrrole (PPY) blend were tested as chemical sensors and evaluated according to the relative monomer concentration in polymerization solution aiming to obtain a reliable reference field‐effect transistor able to be used as contrast sensing film. The blend material presented properties that can be controlled by the polymerization process. The films were produced using aniline (0.25 M) and pyrrole (0.25 M) mixed in five different proportions (90/10, 70/30, 50/50, 30/70, 10/90) with HCl (1.0 M) in an aqueous solution. The current density was 1 mA/cm² for 300 s. The films were analyzed by their chronopotentiometric curves, thickness, reflectance spectroscopy, optical color parameters, and surface morphology. The characteristics and properties analyzed were correlated to the relative monomer concentration in the polymerization solution. The polymerization of PANI is favorable in aqueous acid solution compared to PPY, which resulted in thin films with properties varying from PANI down to PPY. The blend films presented controllable sensitivity when applied as sensing stage in field‐effect transistor devices as function of the relative monomer concentration. The sensitivity varied from 57 ± 1 mV/pH for the PANI sample, down to 25 ± 1 mV/pH for the PPY sample, presenting an exponential behavior. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46625.     

A comparative study on electrochemical co-deposition and capacitance of composite films of conducting polymers and carbon nanotubes

Composite films of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPY) or poly[3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene] (PEDOT) were prepared via electrochemical co-deposition from solutions containing acid treated CNTs and the corresponding monomer. In the cases of PPY and PEDOT, CNTs served as the charge carriers during electro-deposition, and also acted as both the backbone of a three-dimensional micro- and nano-porous structure and the effective charge-balancing dopant within the polymer. All the composites showed improved mechanical integrity, higher electronic and ionic conductivity (even when the polymer was reduced), and exhibited larger electrode specific capacitance than the polymer alone. Under similar conditions, the capacitance was enhanced significantly in as-prepared PPY-CNT and PEDOT-CNT films. However, the fresh PANI-CNT film was electrochemically similar to PANI, but PPY-CNT and PEDOT-CNT differed noticeably from the respective polymers alone. In continuous potential cycling tests, unlike the pure polymer and other composite films, PANI-CNT performed much better in retaining the capacitance of the as-prepared film, and the possible cause is analysed.     

纳米MoS2的制备及其与聚吡咯物复合膜光学性能的研究

以有机热溶剂法制备MoS2,并以XRD对其结构进行表征.TEM形貌观察表明晶粒具有纳米尺寸。以电化方法在ITO导电玻璃基体上制备聚合物聚吡咯薄膜。在导电聚合物膜上涂布纳米MoS2晶体,荧光分析发现其荧光光谱相对于聚合物膜有一定程度的红移。Z-Scan测试其折射率的结果表明其具有非线性光学特性。     

Preparation and Characterization of Conductive Polyaniline/Silver Nanocomposite Films and Their Antimicrobial Studies

Silver (Ag) nanoparticles are known to hold an important place in nanotechnology, and studies herein present the preparation and characterization of Ag metallic nanoparticles bearing antibacterial properties. In situ polymerization was used to prepare the conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI) and polyaniline/silver (PANI/Ag) nanocomposites. Increases in electrical conductivities of the nanocomposite films were observed compared to neat PANI, whereby these increases may be a result of the Ag doping effect or its complex formation. Spectroscopic techniques, such as, UV–Vis, FTIR, and photoluminescence were used for the characterizations of PANI and PANI/Ag nanocomposites. UV–Vis and FTIR data showed the quinoid units along the polymer chain being affected, such that strong interactions between Ag nanoparticles and quinoidal sites of PANI were presumed. The PANI/Ag nanocomposites showed higher photoluminescence intensities than neat PANI. TGA analyzes were used to determine weight losses and thermostabilities of PANI and PANI/Ag nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy was used for morphological evaluations of the nanoparticles and films, where the micrographs revealed that Ag nanoparticles were well dispersed and isolated in nanocomposite films. The presence and distribution of the Ag nanoparticles in PANI film matrix were analyzed by EDX. Antimicrobial properties of the nanocomposite films obtained were also explored. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E182–E194, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Electrochemical formation of Ir oxide/polyaniline composite films

The primary goal of this work has been to electrochemically form and then characterize a composite polyaniline (PANI)/hydrous Ir oxide (IrOx) film. Efforts to electrochemically form IrOx and PANI simultaneously in acidic aniline-containing solutions failed, likely as aniline adsorption on Ir prevents IrOx formation. Successful composite films were therefore made by first forming an anodic IrOx film on bulk Ir and then depositing PANI into its pores. Based on the characteristics of the PANI redox peaks, it is seen that all of the PANI film that is electrochemically active is in direct electrical contact with the Ir surface at the base of the IrOx film pores. This is consistent with the cross-sectional SEM and EDX analyses, showing the formation of films of uniform thickness and composition. Thin films of Ir nanoparticles, subsequently converted to IrOx, were also used as a template for PANI formation within the porous structure. These hybrid films exhibit an enhanced internal porosity, ease of multiple coating formation (up to 20 μm in thickness), high charge densities, unusual electrochromic behavior, and very rapid charge transfer kinetics. The formation of composite IrOx/PANI films also resulted in a widening (by 0.3-0.4 V) of the potential window over which a pseudocapacitive and electrochromic response is seen.     

Monolayer and bilayer conducting polymer coatings for corrosion protection of steel in 1 M H2SO4 solution

In this study, monolayer polypyrrole (PPY), polyaniline (PANI), and bilayer PPY/PANI, PANI/PPY coatings were deposited onto steel electrodes by electropolymerization in 0.1 M monomer and 0.3 M oxalic acid solution. Such corrosion parameters of these electrodes, as corrosion potentials, anodic Tafel constants and corrosion current densities were determined by means of current–potential curves as a function of time in 1 M H₂SO₄ solution. These findings were compared to the corrosion parameters of a bare steel electrode in the same acid solution. The monolayer and bilayer polymer coatings were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and SEM. Bilayer coatings displayed better corrosion inhibition efficiencies than monolayer coatings. Furthermore, the PPY/PANI coatings offered superior corrosion protection than the PANI/PPY coatings.     

Comparison of the growth process and electrochemical properties of polyaniline films prepared by pulse potentiostatic and potentiostatic method on titanium electrode

Polyaniline (PANI) films were deposited on titanium (Ti) electrode in a bath containing 0.3 mol L^?1 aniline and 1 mol L^?1 HNO₃ by pulse potentiostatic method (PPM) and potentiostatic method (PM). The chronoamperograms during aniline polymerization were recorded, and the morphologies of PANI films prepared with different polymerization periods were examined under scanning electron microscope. The difference between the processes of PANI films growth was studied. The growth processes of PANI films prepared by PPM and PM are divided into two stages. For both PPM and PM, the first stage corresponds to the formation of a compact granular PANI layer on the surface of Ti electrode. The second stage corresponds to further growth of PANI film on the surface of the compact granular PANI film. However, the PANI films prepared by PPM and PM show different morphologies in this stage. In addition, the electrochemical properties of the PANI films prepared by PPM and PM are obviously different. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 458–463, 2007     

Immobilization of cholesterol oxidase and potassium ferricyanide on dodecylbenzene sulfonate ion‐doped polypyrrole film

Dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS)‐doped polypyrrole (PPY) conducting polymer films were electrochemically deposited onto the indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO)‐coated glass plates in aqueous medium. The enzyme cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) was immobilized on these DBS–PPY films by a physical adsorption technique. These ChOx‐immobilized DBS–PPY films were characterized by ultraviolet–visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The enzyme activity studies indicate that ～40% of ChOx leaches out from the ChOx/DBS–PPY film. The ChOx activity in the ChOx/DBS–PPY film was assayed as a function of cholesterol concentration. The results of amperometric measurements conducted on ChOx/DBS–PPY/ITO film show linearity over the range 2–8 mM of cholesterol solution. The ChOx/DBS–PPY/ITO electrodes exhibit a response time of 30 s and are stable for ～3 months at 4 °C. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3486–3491, 2001     

不同工艺对PANI/PAA复合薄膜的电致变色性能影响研究

采用直接聚合法与逐层镀膜法分别成功制备了聚苯胺(PANI)/聚丙烯酸(PAA)复合薄膜,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等方法考察了两种工艺制备的薄膜的形貌和微结构,并测定了两种复合薄膜的循环伏安性能(CV)、电流响应特性(CA)及电致变色性能。结果表明,SEM与FT-IR证实了两种方法制备的PANI/PAA复合薄膜仅在材料结构上有所不同;直接聚合法制备的PANI/PAA复合薄膜(PANI/PAA-DP)表面具有较大颗粒,2对明显的氧化还原峰,氧化态和还原态的响应时间分别为120ms和226ms,在600~700nm波长处的透过率调制幅度为10%;逐层镀膜法制备的PANI/PAA复合薄膜(PANI/PAA-LP)具有多孔的网络结构,3对氧化还原峰,氧化还原反应更明显,电致变色性能更优异,其氧化态和还原态的响应时间分别为45ms和67ms,在600~700nm波长处的透过率调制幅度可达40%。     

不同工艺对PANI/PAA复合薄膜的电致变色性能影响

采用直接聚合法与逐层镀膜法分别成功制备了聚苯胺(PANI)/聚丙烯酸(PAA)复合薄膜,通过SEM、FTIR考察了两种工艺制备的薄膜的形貌和微结构,并测定了两种复合薄膜的循环伏安性能(CV)、电流响应特性(CA)及电致变色性能。结果表明,SEM与FTIR证实了两种方法制备的PANI/PAA复合薄膜仅在材料结构上有所不同;直接聚合法制备的PANI/PAA复合薄膜(PANI/PAA-DP)表面具有较大颗粒,两对明显的氧化还原峰,氧化态和还原态的响应时间分别为120 ms和226 ms,在600～700 nm波长处的透过率调制幅度为10%;逐层镀膜法制备的PANI/PAA复合薄膜(PANI/PAA-LP)具有多孔的网络结构,3对氧化还原峰,氧化还原反应更明显,电致变色性能更优异,其氧化态和还原态的响应时间分别为45 ms和67 ms,在600～700 nm波长处的透过率调制幅度可达40%。