Si-TiO2负载V2O5催化甲醇一步氧化法制二甲氧基甲烷的研究

通过溶剂热法制备不同Si掺杂量的Si-TiO₂载体,采用等体积浸渍法制得Si-TiO₂/-V₂O₅催化剂,利用XRD、H₂-TPR、NH₃-TPD、UV-Vis对催化剂的性质进行表征,研究了Si掺杂改性对催化剂钒氧物种分散性和氧化还原性、催化剂表面酸性以及反应性能的影响。结果表明,硅掺杂改性后改善了催化剂表面钒氧物种的分散性,提高了催化剂的氧化还原能力,使催化剂具有更加适宜的酸性,提升了甲醇氧化制二甲氧基甲烷（DMM）的反应性能。Si掺杂量为3%的3Si-TiO₂/V₂O₅催化剂表现出良好的反应性能,此时甲醇转化率为58.5%,DMM的选择性高达99.1%。     

柠檬酸-邻菲哕啉-稀土三元配合物的合成与表征

在无水乙醇溶液中,以邻菲哆啉（Phen）、柠檬酸（H3Cit）为配体,合成了7种稀土三元固体配合物。通过元素分析、摩尔电导率测定、红外光谱和热重差热分析等手段确定配合物的组成为RE（Cit）·Phen·2H2O（RE=La^3＋,Pr^3＋,Nd^3＋,Sm^3＋,Eu^3＋,Tb^3＋,Dy^3＋）。     

万吨级甲醇制聚甲氧基二甲醚装置投产

我国自主开发、具有完全自主知识产权的世界首套万吨级聚甲氧基二甲醚（DMM3—8）装置于7月26日在山东（菏泽）辰信新能源公司投料试车一次成功，并连续运行平稳。该技术以甲醇为原料，以离子液体为催化剂，经三聚甲醛合成DMM3—8。该装置甲醇利用率达85％，三聚甲醛转化率大于90％，DMM3—8选择性接近50％。DMM3—8物性与柴油互溶性好，     

金属Ag负载于X状CeO2的制备及可见光催化性能EI北大核心CSCD

以三氯化铈（CeCl3）和尿素（CO（NH2）2）为原料,采用水热法制备X状CeO2（X-CeO2）,利用光沉积法制备Ag负载于X-CeO2的负载型催化剂Ag／X—CeO2。考察了X—CeO2的制备参数和催化剂Ag／X—CeO2对罗丹明（RhB）的可见光催化降解性能。结果表明：在Ce^3＋／urea摩尔比1：6、Ce^3＋／表面活性剂（PVP）质量比1：3、反应温度160℃和反应时间60min条件下制备出长度20μm、宽度4μm的X-CoO2。金属Ag能够改善X-CeO2的可见光催化活性,Ag负载量8%的催化剂8-Ag/CeO2对RhB呈现出最好的光降解活性,循环使用5次后光催化活性轻微降低。这是因为金属Ag粒子的表面等离子体共振效应和Ce^4＋／Ce^3＋氧化还原对的协同作用提高了光生电子的快速移除和实现光电电子-空穴对的高效分离。     

钒钛催化剂制备方法对甲醇氧化制二甲氧基甲烷反应性能的影响

分别用快速燃烧法(RC)、共沉淀法(CP)、浸渍法(IM)和机械混合法(PM)制备了钒钛催化剂,并将其应用于甲醇氧化一步法合成二甲氧基甲烷的反应中.同时采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附/脱附(BET)、NH_3程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD),H_2程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)等多种手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明RC催化剂上钒的分散度最高,酸中心数最多,同时氧化还原能力较强.甲醇氧化反应结果表明.RC催化剂上甲醇转化率和DMM选择性最高,这可能与RC上较高的钒分散度,较强的氧化还原能力和较多的酸性中心数有关.     

超声波辅助复合氧化法合成氧化玉米淀粉

以玉米淀粉为原料、以过氧化氢和过硫酸钾为复合氧化剂、以Fe2＋为催化剂,在酸性条件下采用超声波辅助复合氧化法合成氧化玉米淀粉。以淀粉乳浓度、复合氧化剂质量分数（占干淀粉总量,下同）、体系pH值、数控超声波清洗器功率、催化剂质量分数（占干淀粉总量,下同）、反应温度、反应时间为考察因素,以氧化度（羧基含量）作为衡量指标,采用单因素实验和正交实验确定超声波辅助复合氧化法合成氧化玉米淀粉的最佳工艺条件为：淀粉乳浓度30％,复合氧化剂质量分数10％,体系pH值3．OO,数控超声波清洗器功率90w,催化剂质量分数0．3％,反应温度55℃,反应时间40rain,在此条件下,可以制得氧化度为0．203％的氧化玉米淀粉。     

磺酸树脂催化甲缩醛一步羰化制高附加值甲氧基乙酸甲酯

甲氧基乙酸甲酯（MMAc）是重要的精细化学品,同时是拟开辟的由合成气间接法制乙二醇的中间产物。鉴于文献报道的甲缩醛（DMM）气相羰化制MMAc存在CO与DMM比例过高（>100）,CO一次转化率过低（<0.5%）等缺点,采用釜式反应器,系统研究液相DMM羰基化反应过程中诸多因素,如溶剂种类、不同牌号磺酸树脂催化剂、反应温度、压力、反应时间、催化剂前处理等因素对DMM转化率以及产物MMAc选择性的影响。环丁砜显著提高了CO在液相中的溶解度,并有效抑制醛基游离以及DMM歧化反应,使DMM最大限度地向羰化反应方向进行。采用H-Y分子筛为催化剂,在反应温度120℃,初始反应压力3.0 MPa时,MMAc选择性仅为5%,而以磺酸树脂为催化剂时,MMAc选择性可以达到45%,说明磺酸树脂催化剂比H-Y分子筛具有更强的羰化能力。DMM在H-Y分子筛微孔表面更易发生歧化反应,导致二甲醚选择性大于90%。DMM转化率随反应温度、压力的增高和反应时间的增长而增大,MMAc选择性随反应时间增长和压力增高而提高、随着反应温度的升高先提高后降低。随着催化剂前处理温度升高,树脂催化剂中吸附的水含量逐渐减少,MMAc选择性逐步提高,但过高温度会导致催化剂孔道塌陷、表面结焦,羰化效果变差。以环丁砜为溶剂,D-009B树脂为催化剂,反应温度110℃、压力5 MPa、反应6 h,DMM转化率接近100%,MMAc选择性达到74.32%,显示较好的工业应用前景。     

CuBr2-吡啶离子液体催化甲醇液相一步氧化生成甲缩醛

考察了以CuBr_2与具有不同烷基支链和阴离子类型的吡啶离子液体组成的催化剂体系对甲醇一步液相氧化合成甲缩醛(DMM)的催化性能,发现CuBr_2-N-乙基吡啶溴盐催化性能最好。考察了不同催化剂组成、催化剂浓度、反应温度、氧气压力、反应时间对甲醇一步液相氧化合成甲缩醛反应的影响,得到的最佳反应条件为:n(CuBr_2)/n(N-乙基吡啶溴盐)=1.0、催化剂质量浓度为40 g/L、反应温度130℃、氧气压力3 MPa和反应时间4 h,在该条件下甲醇转化率达到26.1%,DMM选择性达到95.0%。CuBr_2-N-乙基吡啶溴盐重复使用9次后,甲醇转化率为22.2%,DMM选择性为91.2%,催化活性仍然保持稳定。     

Nd3+/Yb3+/Tm3+共掺杂NaY（WO4）2纳米晶的制备及其上转换发光性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用水热法合成出Nd^3＋/Yb^3＋/Tm^3＋共掺杂NaY（WO4）2纳米晶。通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、荧光光谱等,对合成样品的晶体结构、形貌和上转换发光性能进行表征。结果表明：合成的样品均为纯四方相的NaY（WO4）2,粒径在50～55 nm之间。利用聚乙二醇（PEG-2000）作为表面活性剂制得的上转换纳米粒子,尺寸小、分散性好并且具有一定的水溶性。在808 nm近红外光激发下,观察到469 nm处的蓝光发射峰以及539 nm处的绿光发射峰,其中蓝光来自Tm^3＋的^1G4→^3H6能级跃迁,绿光由Tm^3＋的^1D2→^3H5跃迁产生。并研究了共掺杂体系中Nd^3＋→Yb^3＋→Tm^3＋的能量传递过程及其上转换发光机理。     

丙烯酸生产过程中的采样分析

丙烯酸（AA）生产过程主要分两大步骤。第一步是前系统,即将原料丙烯、水蒸气、空气（主要是空气中的氧气）按一定配比通过反应器催化剂床层,在一定温度下进行气相氧化。首先,丙烯在反应器一段催化剂床层内氧化生成丙烯醛（ACR）,然后,丙烯醛通过换热器降温,进入第二段反应器催化剂床层进一步氧化生成丙烯酸。反应原理如下：CH2＝CHCH3＋O2催化剂＋H2O↑→310℃-340℃↓CH2=CHCHO H2O,2CH2=CHCHO O2催化剂 H2O↑→275℃-310℃↓2CH2＝CHCOOH。     

Dimethoxymethane electrooxidation on low index planes of platinum single crystal in acid media

Conventional electrochemical methods have been applied to study the oxidation of a possible alternative fuel for a direct oxidation fuel cell. The electrooxidation of dimethoxymethane (DMM) was investigated on the three low index planes, (1 0 0), (1 1 0) and (1 1 1) of platinum single crystals and compared with its oxidation on a platinum polycrystalline electrode. Among platinum electrodes, electroreactivity of DMM observed is Pt(1 1 1) > Pt(1 0 0) > Pt(1 1 0) ∼ Pt poly. Hydrogen adsorption is limited by the presence of DMM, except for Pt(1 1 1) plane. In situ IR experiments show the presence of bands of CO_ads with all electrodes except Pt(1 1 1). This work shows that the mechanism of DMM electrooxidation is structure sensitive. A path takes place on Pt(1 0 0) and Pt(1 1 0) which is favourable to the formation of CO_ads. Another path proceeds on Pt(1 1 1), where CO_ads is not present and reaction does not occur at low potential. Results indicate that peak intensities are higher in perchloric acid than in sulphuric acid. So DMM adsorption is dependent on the specific adsorption of the anions. In situ IR reflectance spectroscopy identified some intermediates and reaction products of DMM adsorption and electrooxidation on Pt electrodes: CO_L (linearly bonded) and CO_B (bridge bonded), adsorbed CHO and CH₃O species, methanol and CO₂. The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical experiments suggest a complex mechanism of DMM electrooxidation.     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formic Acid at Pt Modified Electrodes: Substrate Effect of Unsintered Au Nano‐Structure

A Pt‐modified Au catalyst featured with novel layered structures and ultra‐low Pt loading has been designed and electrochemically fabricated on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode. SEM characterization suggests that as‐formed Pt/Au/GC electrode grows in a Stranski–Krastanov mode, resulting in a nearly ideal layered structure with Au at the inner layer and Pt at the outer layer. The electrocatalytic activity of the synthesized Pt/Au/GC electrode towards formic acid electrooxidation was studied, and comparative experiments with other modified electrodes (i.e., Pt/GC, Pt/Au, and Pt/Pt) were also conducted. As a result, the electrocatalytic activity of the outer‐layered Pt depends significantly on the intrinsic properties of the substrates. The prepared Pt/Au/GC electrode with Au nanoparticles modified GC as the substrate shows remarkable catalytic activity for the formic acid oxidation, much higher than that of its counterparts, Pt/GC, Pt/Au, and Pt/Pt electrodes. Additionally, the measured electrochemical impedance spectra indicate that the charge‐transfer resistance for formic acid electrooxidation on Pt/Au/GC electrode is smaller than that on other Pt modified electrodes.     

Graphite Electrodes Modified with Platinum‐Nickel Nano‐Particles for Methanol Oxidation

Methanol electro‐oxidation is investigated at graphite electrodes modified with various platinum and nickel nano‐particle deposits using cyclic voltammetry. The modified electrodes are prepared by the simultaneous electrodeposition of metals from their salt solutions using potentiostatic and galvanostatic techniques. They show enhanced catalytic activity towards methanol oxidation in KOH solution. The catalytic activity of platinum nano‐particles is found to be significantly affected by the presence of relatively small amounts of nickel deposits. A comparison is made between the electrocatalytic activity of Pt/C and (Pt‐Ni)/C electrodes. The results show that the methanol electro‐oxidation current increases with an increase in the nickel content. In particular, the highest catalytic activity is achieved for platinum to nickel deposits of 95%:5% (wt.‐%), in other cases the catalytic activity decreases. It is found that Ni enhances the catalytic activity of Pt by increasing the number of active sites, as well as through an electron donation process from Ni to Pt. This process takes place once the nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)₂)/nickel oxy‐hydroxide (NiOOH) transformation begins. The effect of the methanol concentration on the methanol oxidation reaction is investigated. The order of reaction, with respect to methanol, at the modified (Pt‐Ni)/C electrode is found to be 0.5.     

Surface modification and electrocatalytic properties of Pt(100), Pt(110), Pt(320) and Pt(331) electrodes with Sb towards HCOOH oxidation

Behaviors of irreversibly adsorbed Sb adatoms on Pt(100), Pt(110), Pt(320) and Pt(331) single crystal surfaces and electrocatalytic properties of the modified electrodes towards formic acid oxidation were investigated. It was determined that Sb adatoms are stable at potentials below 0.45 V (SCE) on Pt(100) and Pt(110), below 0.40 V on Pt(320), and below 0.35 V on Pt(331). Different coverage of Sb_ad was obtained conveniently by partially stripping Sb_ad from saturation coverage of Sb_ad. It has demonstrated that the redox behaviors of Sb adatoms and the coadsorption properties of Sb_ad with H_ad depend strongly on the orientations of the Pt single crystal electrode. Significant catalytic effects towards HCOOH oxidation were observed on Pt single crystal electrodes modified with Sb adatoms, which consist of (1) the inhibition of dissociative adsorption of HCOOH, (2) the enhancement of oxidation current, and (3) the negative shift of oxidation potential that was measured about 220 mV on Pt(110)/Sb, 110 mV on (110) sites of Pt(320)/Sb, and 100 mV on Pt(331)/Sb electrode. Neither enhancement of oxidation current nor negative shift of oxidation potential can be observed on Pt(100)/Sb electrode. The results suggested that electronic effect is the main effect presented on Pt(110), Pt(320) and Pt(331) surface upon Sb modification, while geometric effect is considered to the major effect on Pt(100) electrode.     

Pt/laponite clay-modified gold electrode for direct methanol fuel cells

This work employs a novel technique in which laponite clay-modified gold electrodes are used as the anode for direct methanol fuel cells. The platinum/laponite clay (Pt/Clay) films on indium tin oxide electrode were characterized by using scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Various contents of laponite clay (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0?wt%) with constant platinum (Pt) catalyst content on modified gold electrodes were studied as an anode catalyst for methanol oxidation. The catalyst poisoning was observed as a function of time. The 1.0?wt% Pt/Clay-modified gold electrode shows the highest activity for methanol oxidation, 27.73?% higher than Pt only modified gold electrode at 2.5?min. The peak current of 1?% Pt/Clay-modified gold electrode is 3.50?% higher than the peak current of Pt only modified gold electrode at 57.5?min. The higher content of Pt/Clay-modified gold electrode shows strong resistance to catalyst poisoning. The Pt/Clay-modified gold electrode is a new and promising electrode for a direct methanol fuel cell and can replace existing commercial catalysts.     

Electro-oxidation of coal on NiO and/or Co3O4 modified TiO2/Pt electrodes

A TiO₂/Pt based electrode exhibited better activity for the oxidation of coal in a basic system compared to Ti/Pt, TiO₂–Cu/Pt and pure metal electrodes. The surface morphologies and composition of the electrodes were studied by SEM and XRD, respectively. Linear sweep voltammetry was employed to investigate the catalytic effects of electrodes, and the product of coal oxidization was determined by a gas collection test. The TiO₂/Pt electrodes that were modified with NiO and/or Co₃O₄ exhibited higher average currents and a lower decrease in mass during electrolysis compared to the other electrodes; this finding indicated that NiO and Co₃O₄ play important roles as catalysts.     

用磷钼酸修饰甲醇燃料电池的铂电极

近年来以杂多化合物为基础的催化体系受到广泛的关注.为了研究杂多酸与铂电极对甲醇电催化氧化的协同效应,通过循环伏安扫描法制备了磷钼酸（H3PMo12O40）修饰铂电极.通过循环伏安和计时电流法研究了该修饰电极对甲醇氧化的电催化活性和抗中间产物的毒化作用,并比较了该修饰电极与其单酸盐（Na2MoO4）修饰铂电极的性能,测试结果表明：磷钼酸修饰铂电极能够提高对甲醇氧化反应的催化活性,基本上同其单酸盐Na2MoO4修饰铂电极的催化活性相当,并且这种促进作用主要是由Mo原子价态变化引起的.同时计时电流曲线测试结果表明,该修饰电极具有一定的抗毒化作用,但不如钼酸钠好.     

Continuous glucose monitoring using enzyme-immobilized platinized diamond microfiber electrodes

A sensitive and stable glucose biosensor for in vivo monitoring has been developed using boron-doped diamond microfiber (BDDMF) electrodes. The electrodes were modified with platinum nano-particles to detect H₂O₂, which was enzymatically produced by glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on the electrode surface. The platinum-modified BDDMF (Pt-BDDMF) electrodes exhibited much higher sensitivity compared to Pt-microfiber electrodes, Pt electrodes and Pt-modified diamond thin film electrodes. Deposition conditions for Pt nano-particles on the BDDMF electrodes and immobilization of GOx were optimized. GOx/overoxidized polypyrrole (OPPy)/Pt-modified BDDMF electrodes were applied for continuous interference-free glucose monitoring. Amperometric measurements of glucose showed a linear response in the range of 1-70 mM, with an R.S.D. of 3.7% for five injections of 100 μM glucose. The electrodes exhibited good stability over 3 months with no detected anodic current for ascorbic acid (AA), which is an interfering compound.     

A novel method for the preparation of bi-metallic (Pt–Au) nanoparticles on boron doped diamond (BDD) substrate: application to the oxygen reduction reaction

A novel method was developed to synthesize bi-metallic nanoparticles (Au–Pt) on boron-doped diamond (BDD) substrate. This method consisted of (a) deposition of a small amount of gold (equivalent to a few monolayers) by sputtering on the BDD surface, (b) heat treatment of the obtained sample at 600 °C in air, resulting in the formation of stable nanoparticles on BDD (Au/BDD electrode), (c) electrodeposition of Pt on the Au/BDD surface occurring preferentially on the Au nanoparticles, and finally (d) heat treatment at 400 °C to enhance the interaction between Au and Pt. The ratio between Au and Pt nanoparticles can be modified by modifying the amount of electrodeposited Pt and was estimated using cyclic voltammetry. These Pt-Au/BDD composite electrodes were used to study oxygen reduction using both potential sweep (cyclic voltammetry) and hydrodynamic (turbine electrochemical cell) methods.     

The catalysts supported on metallized electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibrous mats for methanol oxidation

Polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous mats coated with continuous thin gold films (Au-PAN) have been fabricated by combining the electrospinning and electroless plating techniques. The Pt particles are electrodeposited on the Au-PAN fibers surface by multi-cycle CV method, and the Au-PAN decorated with Pt (Pt/Au-PAN) shows higher activity toward methanol electro-oxidation. The catalytic peak current for methanol oxidation on the optimum Pt/Au-PAN electrode can reach about 450 mA mg⁻¹ Pt which is much larger than the catalytic peak current for methanol oxidation (118.4 mA mg⁻¹ Pt) on the electrode prepared by loading commercial Pt/C on Au-PAN (Pt/C/Au-PAN). Further experiments reveal that the Pt/Au-PAN electrodes exhibit better stability and smaller charge transfer resistance than Pt/C/Au-PAN electrodes, which indicates that the Au-PAN may be developed as supporting material for catalyst. The microscopy images of the electrodes show that the Pt particles deposited on Au-PAN conglomerate into larger particles, and that the Pt/C catalyst loaded on the Au-PAN also exhibits conglomeration after stability test. The hydrogen adsorption-desorption experiments indicate that the electrochemical surface area of the Pt particles for the both kinds of electrodes has decreased after stability test.