玉米秸秆稀酸水解与水解液发酵的实验研究

研究了玉米秸秆的稀酸水解性能,考察了底物浓度、反应温度、反应时间、硫酸浓度和秸秆粒径对水解得率和木糖得率的影响.在硫酸浓度为1.0%、水解温度126℃、水解时间1 h、底物浓度为50～80g/L情况下,玉米秸秆的水解得率为21.7%～24.6%,木糖得率为68.0%-77.1%.所得水解液主要成分为木糖和葡萄糖,经处理后可直接用于微生物的发酵培养.     

微波辅助棉花秸秆稀酸水解糖化工艺研究

采用微波辅助稀酸法对棉花秸秆进行水解糖化。探索了微波辐射温度、微波辐射时间、料液比及硫酸浓度对秸秆水解糖化效果的影响。结果表明,微波辅助棉花秸秆稀酸水解糖化的最佳糖化工艺条件为:微波辐射温度80℃,微波辐射时间50min,料液比1∶16g/mL,硫酸浓度3.0%。各影响因素对还原糖收率的影响顺序为:料液比微波辐射温度硫酸浓度微波辐射时间。在最佳糖化工艺条件下,还原糖收率为3.17%。     

硫酸催化黄姜提取液中薯蓣皂苷水解

研究了硫酸催化黄姜提取液中薯蓣皂苷水解的优化。通过正交试验研究了硫酸浓度、水解温度、水解时间等因素对薯蓣皂苷水解的影响。水解温度对薯蓣皂苷元收率的影响最为显著,其次为水解时间和硫酸浓度;黄姜提取液的最佳水解条件为:水解温度为90℃,水解时间为3 h,硫酸浓度为1.0 mol/L。     

金属离子助催化稀酸水解纤维素工艺的研究

以小麦秸秆为原料,采用正交试验考察了硫酸浓度、Fe2+浓度、反应温度和反应时间等因素对稀酸水解纤维素的还原糖得率的影响,得到了优化的纤维素水解反应工艺组合:反应温度180℃,Fe2+浓度0.0375mol/L,硫酸质量分数1%,反应时间90min。研究了Fe2+、Ni2+、Na+、Mg2+四种金属离子对稀酸水解纤维素制备还原糖的影响,结果表明,金属离子能明显提高稀酸水解纤维素的转化率和还原糖得率,其助催化作用的大小依次为:Fe2+Na+Ni2+Mg2+,Fe2+对稀酸水解小麦秸秆制备还原糖的催化效果最佳,还原糖得率最高可达73.05%,纤维素转化率达到85.79%。     

丙酸预处理秸秆的化学降解

选择催化效率高的固体酸SO42-/Fe2O3催化剂催化水解秸秆。用不同浓度的丙酸对秸秆进行预处理,考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂与秸秆的质量比以及有机酸的浓度等因素对秸秆水解反应的影响。结果表明:在丙酸浓度为100g/L、温度为120℃、m(催化剂)∶m(秸秆)为2.5∶1的条件下固体酸催化水解秸秆反应1h,得到的总糖含量最高为51.77%,比未经过预处理的总糖含量高6.41%。     

稀酸水解菊芋制乙醇技术研究

考察了固液质量比、酸浓度、反应温度和反应时间4个条件对菊芋粉稀酸水解的总糖浓度和总糖转化率的影响。结果表明,菊芋稀酸水解的最优化条件为:固液比0.3,硫酸浓度3%,反应温度80℃,反应时间90 min。在此条件下水解菊芋,水解液中的总糖浓度为24.1%,总糖转化率为80.3%;水解液经过中和后,接入酵母菌发酵产乙醇,最终乙醇浓度可达到10.4%,乙醇得率为86.4%。     

木糖渣稀酸水解制取还原糖条件的研究

在高温条件下通过对木糖渣稀硫酸水解的研究,探讨了影响水解还原糖产率的因素如固液比、硫酸浓度、时间和温度,得到了水解还原糖的较优条件是固液比为1：15（质量体积比）,硫酸浓度为8%,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为120min。在此条件下,得到还原糖产率为45.6%。证明通过稀酸水解处理木糖渣是一条重要和环境友好型的途径。     

毛竹水解制取木糖

本文对由毛竹制取木糖的水解条件进行了研究，探讨了预水解及水解温度、时间和酸浓度等对水解的影响。在水解温度为１２０℃，时间为２ｈ，硫酸浓度为２％时，聚戊糖水解率为８０％。     

剑麻麻膏水解工艺研究

以剑麻麻膏为原料,水为溶剂,采用浓硫酸酸解法制备水解物,考察了水解时间、硫酸质量浓度、麻膏与浓硫酸质量比对水解收率及水解物含量的影响。以高效液相色谱为检测手段,通过单因素和正交设计实验确定了水解的最佳工艺条件:水解时间8h,硫酸质量浓度15%,麻膏与浓硫酸质量比1∶1。在此条件下水解物收率68.56%,水解物含量12.55%。     

玉米芯酶解残渣酚化改性工艺及产物结构表征

以玉米芯纤维素酶水解残渣为原料,利用对甲酚和硫酸对其木质素进行酚化改性。采用单因素和正交试验的方法探讨了硫酸浓度、反应温度、反应时间和硫酸用量对酚化改性产物的得率、酚―羟基含量的影响。利用FTIR、1H-NMR和GPC等手段对酚化木质素的结构进行表征。研究结果表明,酚化改性可以有效地提高木质素的酚羟基含量,降低木质素大分子的分子量。正交实验结果表明,反应温度对酚化改性的影响最大,其次是硫酸浓度,酚化改性的最佳工艺条件为:温度40℃,硫酸质量分数60%,时间60 min,硫酸用量20 mL/g(残渣),此条件下木素酚得率达53.85%,酚羟基含量为1.23 mol/C9,相对分子质量(w M)为3388。     

稀硫酸预浸渍对玉米秸秆蒸汽爆破预处理的影响

为提高纤维素乙醇生产中传统蒸汽爆破预处理的效果,以稀硫酸（质量浓度0．2％）对玉米秸秆进行预浸渍,再于190～210℃对其进行汽爆预处理。结果表明：稀硫酸预浸渍有利于增强汽爆过程中半纤维素的水解程度,并能有效减少乙酸的生成;200℃预处理玉米秸秆经过96h同步糖化发酵,最终乙醇浓度为22．5g·L-1,为理论值的76％,较预浸渍前（19．0g·L-1）明显提高。稀硫酸预浸渍能够增强玉米秸秆的汽爆预处理效果。     

Degradation Profiles of Non-lignin Constituents of Corn Stover from Dilute Sulfuric Acid Pretreatment

Corn stover was separated into four derived streams: ethanol extractives (EE), hot water extractives (HWE), extracted cellulose, and extracted hemicelluloses. They were separately treated with 0.75% dilute sulfuric acid at 180°C for 40 minutes. Over 100 degradation products were separated and identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography (LC). These products contained compounds from several chemical classes, including sugars, aromatics, carboxylic acids, furans, alcohols, aldehydes, and cyclenes. Itaconic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, azelaic acid, DL-isoborneol, and 3-methyl-2-furoic acid were detected in the dilute sulfuric acid pretreated corn stover for the first time. Potential microbial fermentation inhibitors and valuable chemical building blocks were evaluated. In an effort to identify and develop inhibitors which are useful for controlling and improving the lignocellulosic biorefinery process, how they originated from the corn stover constituents was examined.     

Kinetic studies of xylan hydrolysis of corn stover in a dilute acid cycle spray flow-through reactor

Xylan of corn stover was pretreated with 1%, 2% and 3% (w/w) sulfuric acid at relatively low temperatures (90°C, 95°C and 100°C) in a dilute acid cycle spray flow-through reactor (DCF). The hydrolysis of xylan to its monomeric xylose was modeled by a series of first-order reactions. Both biphasic and Saeman hydrolysis models were applied to fit the experimental data. The results confirmed that the kinetic data of xylan hydrolysis fitted a first-order irreversible reaction model and the experimental data. The reaction rates of xylose monomer formation and degradation were sensitive to catalyst concentration and temperature. Higher catalyst concentration and lower reaction temperature result in high xylose yield. The activation energy for xylose formation and degradation were determined to be 112.9 and 101.0 kJ·mol^-1, respectively. Over 90% theoretical xylose obtained from corn stover can be used to produce ethanol, xylitol and fumaric acid by fermentation.     

Kinetic studies of hemicellulose hydrolysis of corn stover at atmospheric pressure

The object of this work was to study the xylose production by hydrolysis of corn stover with diluted sulfuric acid at 100 °C. Several concentrations of H₂SO₄ (2%, 4% and 6% w/w) and reaction time (0–300 min) were evaluated. Kinetic parameters of mathematical models for predicting the concentrations of xylose, glucose and furfural in the hydrolysates were found. Optimal conditions for hydrolysis were 5.5% H₂SO₄ at 100 °C for 60 min; under these conditions, 86.7% of xylose yield and 2.82 g/g selectivity were attained, leading to liquors containing up to 18.73 g/l xylose, 6.64 g/l glucose and 0.63 g/l furfural. The models could be successfully used to predict the concentrations of xylose, glucose and furfural within 0–300 min under experimental acid concentrations. Furthermore, the hydrolysis process of corn stover using dilute acid could be conceived as the first stage of an integrated strategy for corn stover utilization.     

盐酸水解玉米秸秆木聚糖的动力学研究

对稀盐酸水解秸秆半纤维素生成木糖水解液过程进行动力学研究。分别测定了不同温度下,不同水解时间水解液中木糖质量浓度以及其降解产物糠醛的质量浓度。利用Saeman模型拟合木糖生成过程。实验表明,该模型能够较好地描述木糖生成过程以及其降解产物糠醛的产生过程。通过曲线拟和确定了不同水解温度下木糖的生成速率以及分解速率常数,同时利用Arrhenius方程确定木糖生成活化能Ea为116 kJ/mol。综合比较不同温度下水解液中的木糖以及糠醛质量浓度,确定使用质量分数为2%的稀盐酸于120℃下水解60 min为最佳水解条件。其水解液中木糖质量浓度可达20.99 g/L,糠醛质量浓度可维持在1.46 g/L以下。     

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover after Pretreatment with Dilute Sulfuric Acid

Although many previous studies have been carried on the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover after pretreatment with dilute sulfuric acid, this paper emphasizes the use of different conditions to attain the highest yields of two sugars, xylose and glucose, from both stages. The pretreatment was performed at a range of sulfuric acid concentrations of 2, 4 and 6 % at 80, 100 and 120 °C. Up to 77 % xylose yield was obtained while the glucose yield was only 8.4 %. The corresponding solid phase was hydrolyzed by cellulase and the influences of five factors and their interactions on enzyme hydrolysis were evaluated by response surface methodology based on one‐factor‐at‐a‐time experiments. The optimal levels for each variable to obtain the highest reducing sugar yield were as follows: enzyme concentration of 22 FPU/g substrate, substrate concentration of 77 g/L, temperature of 49 °C, pH 4.8 and reaction time of 38 h. A reducing sugar yield of 42.11 g/100 g substrate was achieved, which was consistent with the predicted value of 42.13 g/100 g substrate. Compared with the one‐factor‐at‐a‐time experiments, there was a 9.4 % increase in reducing sugar yield when the enzyme concentration was decreased to 3 FPU/g substrate, the substrate concentration increased to 17 g/L and the reaction time dropped to 22 h. The total sugar released from the two stages was 62.81 g/100 g substrate.     

微波烘焙预处理降解玉米秸秆

用微波可高效对生物质烘焙预处理,考察了不同微波烘焙过程对玉米秸秆主要组分的降解作用及酸、碱、甘油催化剂对纤维素转化效率的影响,并对预处理的玉米秸秆进行酶解实验。结果表明,单纯的微波预处理对玉米秸秆中主要组分纤维素、半纤维素和木质素均有强烈的转化作用。无催化剂微波烘焙后,样品中纤维素含量降低了30%。在微波烘焙中添加酸、碱、甘油催化剂,可选择性降解玉米秸秆中的半纤维素或木质素,有效提高预处理后玉米秸秆中的纤维素含量,添加NaOH后纤维素含量增加最明显,由33%增至42%,纤维素最高转化率达65%。     

不同预处理方式对玉米叶和玉米秆酶解率的影响

1 INTRODUCTION Enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose to glucose from inexpensive and abundant sources, followed by ethanol fermentation to produce alternative liquid transportation fuels is very attractive[1―4]. However, lignocellulosic biomass must first be pretreated to open up its structure, so that the high yields vital to economic success can be realized. Pretreatment is currently one of the most expensive steps in such bio- conversion routes, which account for one-third of the total…     

石煤钒矿拌酸熟化浸出新工艺

对南方某石煤钒矿进行拌酸熟化浸出,考察了矿物粒度、加水量、硫酸用量、熟化温度、熟化时间及水浸工艺参数对钒浸出的影响,并研究了H2O在熟化过程中的行为. 得到最佳工艺流程和结果为：先将石煤钒矿磨至125 mm以下,加10%水润湿,再加入20%浓硫酸拌匀,140℃下保温熟化3 h,按液固比1.5 mL/g水浸2 h,钒浸出率达87.8%. 石煤矿物中含钒云母结构在熟化过程中被破坏,形成难溶的SiO2,浸出液中SiO2浓度为0.09 g/L,利于后续处理.     

预处理玉米秸秆生产燃料乙醇的动力学模型探讨

提出了同时糖化发酵预处理玉米秸秆生产燃料乙醇的动力学模型,利用最小二乘法确定了在发酵过程中,乙醇浓度、玉米秸秆固形物含量与发酵时间之间的关系。