添加β-Si3N4棒晶对氮化硅陶瓷力学性能的影响

将由自蔓延燃烧合成法制备的β—Si3N4棒晶加入到α-Si3N4起始原料中,研究了热压烧结氮化硅陶瓷力学性能的变化.随棒晶添加量的增加,材料的韧性提高,抗弯曲强度下降.与不加棒晶相比,加入8wt％的β-Si3N4棒晶可使陶瓷的韧性从4.0MPa·m1/2提高到6.7MPa·m1/2.断口形貌和压痕裂纹的显微结构观察表明,韧性的提高源于长柱状晶粒的拔出和裂纹的偏转.     

机械活化-化学激励法燃烧合成α-Si_3N_4

为了制备高α-Si3N4含量的原料,在机械活化-化学激励法燃烧合成氮化硅工艺中,研究了机械活化时间、氮气压力、稀释剂和化学激励剂等因素对燃烧合成产物的影响。结果表明:通过机械活化把硅粉研磨至亚微米级,能提高硅粉的表面能,有助于在加入大剂量铵盐时燃烧合成α-Si3N4,但机械活化时间太长会导致铵盐分解流失,研磨时间不宜超过5h;当铵盐加入量大于18%后,燃烧波将不稳定;稀释剂的加入量应控制在40~60%。通过产物微观形貌分析知,在控温活化燃烧合成α-Si3N4时存在VC和VLS两种反应机理。     

Hf-Si-La-O-N体系中HfN的形成及相关系

本研究探讨了一步法制备HfN复合硅酸镧盐陶瓷材料的可行性和配方设计问题,并对HfO2-Si3N4-La2O3三元系统反应合成HfN进行了实验验证.因为在HfO2-Si3N4-La2O3三元系统的反应过程中涉及到硅酸镧盐Si3N4-SiO2-La2O3系统,所以将其延伸为HfO2-Si3N4-La2O3-SiO2-HfN...     

单晶氮化硅(α-Si3N4)纳米线的制备及其光学性能

介绍了用一种简单的气相合成方法制备出了大量高纯单晶氮化硅(α-Si3N4)纳米线,所形成的纳米线粗细均匀、表面光滑,直径为30～80nm,其长度可达数百微米.同时讨论了氮化硅纳米线的生长机理,其生长过程中气-固机制起主导作用.荧光测试结果表明,氮化硅纳米线的发光有一个宽的发光带(波长从500～700 nm),发光峰位于567 nm.     

仿生制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷

以松木炭化后形成的多孔木炭为模板,经Y2O3/SiO2混合溶胶浸渍生物碳模板形成Y2O3/SiO2/C复合体,在高压氮气氛下(0.6MPa),1600°C碳热还原氮化制备出牛物形态多孔氮化硅陶瓷.借助XRD、SEM研究了烧结助剂、烧结温度、反应时间和烧结气氛对烧结产物显微结构和晶相的影响,探讨了多孔Si3N4陶瓷的反应过程和机理.结果表明,多孔si3N4陶瓷是由主晶相β-Si3N4和少量晶间玻璃相YsSi4n4O14组成;多孔Si3N4不仅保留了松木的管胞结构,还在孔道中生长出纤维状形貌的β-Si3N4颗粒;Si3N4的反应烧结过程包括α-Si3N4的形成、晶形转变(α-β相变)和晶粒生长三个阶段.在1450°C烧结的机理是气-固和气-气反应机理,在1600°C通过液相烧结的溶解-沉淀机理形成纤维状的多孔Si3N4陶瓷.     

复合添加剂对氮化硅陶瓷致密化的影响

以MgO-Al2O3-Y2O3体系作为烧结助剂,研究添加荆含量对无压烧结氮化硅陶瓷致密化的影响.对MgO、Al2O3、Y2O3三元添加剂进行单纯形格子设计及回归分析.结果表明,复合添加剂的比例对样品致密化及显微结构有着显著的影响.MgO、Al2O3和Y2O3按一优化比例引入到氮化硅陶瓷时可实现最大致密化速率,同时氮化硅大都呈现长柱状β-Si3N4晶粒,具有较大的长径比,显微结构均匀.     

大气中烧结多孔氮化硅的相变和氧化机理研究

以α—Si3N4为原料，分别以Y2O3-Al2O3和MgO-Al2O3-SiO2两个体系作为烧结助剂，在大气中对氮化硅坯体在1400～1550℃进行烧结。研究了烧结温度、烧结助剂体系对氮化硅的氧化程度、氧化产物的影响。结果表明，以MgO-Al2O3-SiO2作烧结助剂有利于α-Si3N4转变为β-Si3N4，且该烧结助剂体系的的抗氧化能力也明显优于Y2O3-Al2O3体系。氮化硅在不同温度烧结时形成的氧化产物不同。     

烧结条件对强磁场中成型氮化硅织构化的影响

采用凝胶注模成型方法在6T纵向强磁场中制备氮化硅陶瓷素坯,经磁场外无压烧结制备出a轴或b轴取向的织构化氮化硅陶瓷,研究了烧结温度和保温时间对氮化硅陶瓷织构化形成的影响规律。结果表明:在本文的烧结条件下α-Si3N4全部转变为β-Si3N4。烧结温度的提高促进了氮化硅陶瓷织构化的提高,从1700℃的0.40增加到1800℃的0.76。烧结温度为1750℃时,烧结时间的延长对织构度的发展几乎没有影响。     

立方氮化硅的冲击波合成实验研究

以α-Si₃N₄粉体作原材料, 采用炸药爆轰平面飞片加载 装置和样品回收技术进行了冲击波合成实验, 完整回收到合成样品, 经过酸处理, 对回收样品进行X射线衍射分析, 结果表明: 当加载压力超过50GPa而且冲击温度约3600～5000K时, α-Si₃N₄可以较完全地转化为γ-Si₃N₄. 本实验的研究结果建立了一种冲击压缩技术可单次合成克量级的立方氮化硅, 为进一步开展立方氮化硅的性能研究奠定了基础.     

稀土Lu2O3对氮化硅陶瓷性能的影响

以稀土氧化物Lu2O3作为单一添加剂,研究了稀土氧化物的添加量对氮化硅在相变过程密度、力学性能的影响规律.指出了氮化硅粉体的α→β相变率与稀土氧化物的添加量、粉体的热处理温度之间的关系.研究表明:加入Lu2O3添加剂后,β-Si3N4相的比率随着温度的升高呈明显上升趋势,当热处理温度达到1750℃时,β-Si3N4相的比率几乎接近或达到100％.随着Lu2O3含量的增加,在烧结过程中所形成的液相量随之增多,相对密度随之提高.随Lu2O3添加量的增加,试样的抗弯强度也增大,在10％时达到峰值,抗弯强度为1259.90MPa;氮化硅陶瓷的硬度随Lu2O3添加量的变化规律与抗弯强度的变化规律相似.Lu2O3含量在10％时,试样的断裂韧性值达到最大,为6.277MPa·m1/2.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.