不同沟形金刚石钻头刚度和强度的有限元分析

利用Pro/E建立金刚石钻头的三维模型,模拟钻削过程中钻头受力情况.应用ABAQUS有限元分析软件研究不同排屑沟槽、不同径向截形金刚石钻头的刚度和强度.并通过改变钻芯厚度、螺旋槽长度及螺旋角度等结构参数,研究钻头结构参数变化对钻头扭转刚度、弯曲刚度、轴向抗压刚度的影响规律.     

麻花钻刚度的有限元分析

钻头的刚度对于研究钻削机理和改进钻头结构具有重要意义。利用有限元分析方法，建立了麻花钻有限元力学模型，对钻头的扭转刚度、弯曲刚度和受压刚度进行了分析计算。结果表明在钻削过程中，横刃处和钻头螺旋槽根部应力最集中，最容易产生损坏，加大钻芯厚度可以大大提高钻头刚度和强度。为优化钻头结构参数，提高其切削性能和耐用度的研究提供了基础。     

微钻头螺旋槽的数学模型及其CAD方法

应用微分几何及运动学,在建立起刀具和螺旋面之间的基本啮合条件的基础上,得出了刀具和螺旋面之间的关系,建立了刀具及微钻头螺旋槽的数学模型。通过对螺旋槽加工问题的分析求解,得出了微钻头螺旋槽加工的ＣＡＤ方法。开发了螺旋槽ＣＡＤ系统,利用该系统,可方便地求得在给定刀具条件下微钻头螺旋槽的廓形。     

采用Pro/E和ANSYS的微小钻头刚度分析

利用Pro/E软件建立微小钻头三维实体模型,分别改变其钻芯厚度与钻头直径比、刃沟和螺旋角等参数,再利用ANSYS软件对微小钻头的扭转刚度和弯曲刚度进行有限元分析.为微小钻头结构优化设计、提高其切削性能和耐用度的研究提供依据.     

微钻头螺旋槽对称性对钻头折断的影响

在微孔钻削过程中,影响钻头寿命的因素很多：如微钻头自身的直径,微钻头钻芯厚度,微钻头材料及制造工艺,以及微钻头螺旋面等。集中研究微钻头螺旋槽对称性对钻头折断的影响,并在前人提出的钻头制造方法及钻削过程中钻头受力情况研究的基础上,分析了微孔钻削过程中,由于微钻头螺旋槽的制造误差,造成两主切削刃上的钻削力不平衡,导致微孔钻削过程中微钻头的折断。同时,提出了改善微孔钻削过程中微钻头折段的措施以及最适合制造微钻头的方法。     

衍生螺旋槽对超临界二氧化碳干气密封微气膜稳态特性影响*

以衍生螺旋槽为研究对象,建立衍生螺旋槽端面微气膜三维流动模型,通过软件REFPROP获取CO2在不同压力温度下的物性参数,并导入Fluent计算得到了衍生螺旋槽和经典螺旋槽的膜压分布。对比分析衍生螺旋槽和经典螺旋槽S-CO2干气密封开启力、泄漏率和气膜刚度,讨论不同入口压力和转速下湍流效应、实际气体效应以及离心惯性力对密封稳态性能的影响,揭示多种效应交互耦合对S-CO2干气密封气膜动态特性的密封机制。结果表明：衍生螺旋槽的气膜开启力、泄漏率和气膜刚度等性能参数优于经典螺旋槽,这是衍生螺旋槽两级台阶作用的结果;随着转速的增加,在湍流效应和离心惯性力的交互耦合作用下,开启力、泄漏率及气膜刚度先增大后减小,随入口压力的增大,气膜开启力、泄漏率和气膜刚度均呈近似线性增大,且压力越大衍生螺旋槽和经典螺旋槽的差异越来越明显。     

带螺旋槽和双向微通槽动静压气体轴承静态特性研究

以具有螺旋槽和双向微通槽结构的动静压气体轴承为研究对象,用ANSYS中的Fluent对轴承静态特性进行仿真分析,通过改变螺旋槽和双向微通槽的宽度、深度,研究气膜厚度、主轴转速、偏心率、供气压力等参数对轴承静态特性的影响.结果表明:相对于单向微通槽(轴向微通槽和周向微通槽)结构,采用双向微通槽结构的轴承的承载力和刚度最优...     

微细钻头螺旋槽刃磨试验研究

螺旋槽几何结构是影响钻头切削性能和微孔加工质量的重要因素。螺旋槽形状主要取决于刃磨参数、砂轮形状参数以及砂轮位置参数,通过调整砂轮的形状与位置参数即可以获得所需的螺旋槽形状。通过分析砂轮和螺旋槽之间的相对运动关系,建立微细钻头螺旋槽型的刃磨数学模型,并基于Matlab软件对螺旋槽刃磨截形进行了数值仿真,分析了砂轮形状与位置参数对螺旋槽形状、径向前角和螺旋槽宽度的影响规律。研究结果表明砂轮边缘宽度、砂轮锥角、砂轮偏置角度和砂轮偏移距离对螺旋槽截形有明显的影响。随着砂轮边缘宽度和砂轮锥角的增大,径向前角没有变化,但是螺旋槽宽度增大,容屑空间明显增大;随着砂轮偏置角度的增大,螺旋槽径向前角明显增大,螺旋槽宽度减小;随着砂轮偏移距离的增大,径向前角变化较小,而螺旋槽宽度明显增大。基于所建立的刃磨数学模型,刃磨出不同螺旋槽型微细钻头,证实刃磨结果与仿真结果具有较好的一致性。采用所制备的微细钻头进行钻削试验,验证了螺旋槽结构对容屑与排屑能力具有重要影响。     

带轴向微通槽静压气体轴承承载特性研究

以开设轴向微通槽的径向静压气体轴承为研究对象,通过Fluent软件对轴承的承载力和刚度进行仿真分析;针对矩形、三角形和椭圆形3种截面微通槽,分析气膜厚度对轴承的承载力和刚度的影响,得出微通槽的最佳截面形状设置;针对最佳截面形状的微通槽,分析不同槽宽和槽深对承载力的影响。研究发现:轴向微通槽可以明显提高径向静压气体轴承的承载力和刚度,偏心率越大,提升效果越明显;气膜厚度较小时,矩形微通槽气体轴承的承载能力和刚度最佳,且气膜厚度越小,微通槽形状的影响越大;气膜厚度较大时,3种微通槽轴承的承载力及刚度相近;承载力随微通槽槽宽和槽深的增大而先升高后趋于稳定。     

非共轴螺旋后刀面微钻的五轴联动刃磨方法及其钻削性能研究

微细钻头的几何结构是影响刀具钻削性能和微孔加工质量的关键因素。非共轴螺旋面钻尖由连续的螺旋后刀面组成,相比平面钻尖能有效的提高刀具的刃磨效率及其钻削性能。针对非共轴螺旋面钻尖,推导后刀面形成过程中螺旋运动发生线的位置方程,建立了基于砂轮和钻头接触线的后刀面数学模型。根据六轴数控工具磨床的运动原理,提出非共轴螺旋后刀面五轴联动刃磨方法。分析砂轮与螺旋槽之间的相对运动关系,提出微细钻头螺旋槽的数控加工方法。进行非共轴螺旋后刀面微钻的刃磨试验,验证了该刃磨方法的可行性。进而采用制备出的具有相同几何结构参数的平面、锥面和非共轴螺旋面微细钻头进行不锈钢钻削试验,结果表明非共轴螺旋面和锥面微钻的钻削力、后刀面磨损明显小于平面微钻,并且非共轴螺旋后刀面微钻的横刃磨损程度小于平面和锥面微钻。研究证实了所提出的五轴联动刃磨方法可以有效地制备出较高钻削性能的非共轴螺旋后刀面微细钻头。     

Analyses of Drill Flute and Cutting Angles

The analysis of drill cutting angles is important for the design of high-performance drill geometry. The cutting angles along the cutting edge of a drill are determined by the combination of its flute and flank surfaces. This paper examines the analysis of both flute and flank surface models and the evaluation of drill cutting angles. A new mathematical model for an arbitrary drill flute face is developed by sweeping the polynomial representation of the flute cross-sectional curve along the drill axis, with a helical movement. On the basis of the quadratic flank face, a relationship between the grinding and the geometrical design parameters of the flank face is also established. The vector analysis method is employed for the analysis of the cutting angles for various drill geometries. A comparison of the analytical results with the actual measured cutting angles of an example drill has shown that the average error is less than 5%.     

Computer-Aided Geometrical Analysis of the Fluting Operation for Twist Drill Design and Production. II. Backward Analysis, Wheel Profile, and Simulation Studies

A computer-aided 'backward' analysis based on the contact curve method has been developed to determine the required grinding wheel profile for generating a given drill flute profile design and fluting machine settings. The required grinding wheel profile was expressed in digitised form as well as in terms of two curve-fitted circular arcs whose radii and centre coordinates represented the required wheel dresser settings on the typical flute grinder modelled. The 'backward' analysis was integrated with the 'forward' analysis from the first paper to form a CAD/CAM package with graphics modules. Simulation studies have shown that only a portion of the required digitised wheel profile was physically feasible so that only the portion of the flute profile generated by an enveloping process precisely matched the design flute profile while the flute profile in the web region, generated by the locus of point of discontinuity on the wheel profile, approximated the design flute profile. Furthermore, the typical drill flute design geometry can never be precisely generated by this flute grinding method. When the required wheel profile is represented by two circular arcs the entire generated flute profile is an approximation of the design flute profile, albeit a very good approximation. It has also been shown that wheel setting angle greater than the drill helix angle has to be used to avoid undercutting the heel and lip corners when the required wheel profile is represented by two circular arcs, unlike for the digitised wheel profile when the wheel setting angle can be equal to the helix angle. The use of the CAD/CAM package to determine six wheel dresser settings and machine settings for drill flute production has been illustrated.     

整体硬质合金麻花钻横向截形应用研究

横向截形是麻花钻螺旋面容屑槽的一个特征参数。钻头前刀面是由螺旋面容屑槽构成的,而后刀面的构成主要有平面、圆锥面、椭圆面和双曲面等多种形式;很多学者在后刀面曲面构成和磨削方式上做了大量的研究工作,而在改变钻头前刀面,即改变螺旋面容屑槽和横向截形方面的研究不多。本文对整体硬质合金麻花钻横向截形进行了应用研究,设计和制造了SU、ST和SH三种不同钻头的截面轮廓,并进行了切削试验。结果表明:可以通过改变钻头横截面轮廓来得到不同的刀具几何形状,适用于不同的加工条件。     

DESIGN AND CAD SYSTEM OF THE FOOL FOR DRILL FLUTE

Based on the principles of differential geometry and kinematics, a mathematical model is developed to describe the grinding wheel axial cross-section with the radial cross-section of the flute in a given drill under the basic engagement condition between the generating flute and the generated grinding wheel (or disk milling tool). The mathematical model is good for the flute in the radial cross-section consisting of three arcs. Furthermore, a CAD system is also developed to represent the axial cross-section of the grinding wheel (or disk milling tool). With the system, the grinding wheel (or disk milling tool) axial cross-section that corresponds to the three-arc flute cross section can be conveniently simulated. Through the grinding experiment of drill flutes, the method and the CAD system are proved to be feasible and reasonable.     

Modeling,simulation and manufacturing of drill flutes

The designing of twist drill flutes (as well as that of end mills and of some combined tools) cannot be separated from the way they are manufactured. The aim of this paper is to present an intuitive direct method for modelling, simulation and manufacturing of the drill flutes with different shapes using conical grinding wheels with standardized shapes. The mathematical approach is described, which enables us to determine the flute profile in a section perpendicular to its axis as well as the manufacturing parameters. The grinding wheel has an initial position with respect to the cylindrical work piece, which is described using four parameters (Denavit Hartenberg parameters). We have presented algorithms in pseudocode that produce the flute shape and that compute the optimum parameters of the wheel position in the manufacturing process. Subsequently, a software application based on the aforementioned model is able to create visualizations of the flute shape. The analysis of the flute shape has enabled us to understand the influence of the geometrical parameters and the position of the grinding wheel on the resulting product in the grinding process. The order in which these parameters are to be set is also specified. We have built atlases of maps presenting the influence of the geometrical parameters and the position of the grinding wheel in the grinding process upon the shape of the flute. The validity of the method is proven by the agreement of the computed values with the input and output data produced by experiment. The proposed method allows helical flutes to be generated solely by using cylindrical and conical grinding wheels of standard shapes.     

Novel micro-deep-hole drill with variable web thickness and flute width

This study proposes a novel micro-deep-hole drill with variable web thickness and flute width to effectively improve the problem of tool breakage and chip clogging during micro-deep-hole drilling. Firstly, the failure form and failure mechanism of micro-drill are explored by performing drilling experiments, and it is found that the torsion fracture and bending fracture are the main premature failure modes of micro-deep-hole drilling tools. The static simulation analysis of micro-drill is further conducted to investigate the influence of geometric parameters on the stiffness and strength of high-aspect-ratio micro-drill, and the results indicate that the web thickness ratio and flute width have significant effects on drill tip stiffness and spiral groove root strength. To balance the rigidity, strength and chip evacuation capability of micro-deep-hole drilling tools, the new micro-drill with variable web thickness and flute width is developed, supplemented by comparative experiments. The results confirm that the new micro-drill has better chip removal ability, greatly reduces the drilling force, torque, drill tip wear and material peeling phenomenon, and significantly enhances the machining quality of hole wall.     

Computer Aided Design of Grinding Wheel for Drill Flute Production

Twist drill flute profile design is necessary in order to determine the required grinding wheel profile for a flute production. An accurate drill flute profile design is generated for two-flute conical twist drills using analytical equations to generate a drill flute profile design needed for the production of twist drills with straight lips. The required grinding wheel profile for a flute production was expressed in digitized form as well as in terms of two curve-fitted circular arcs. The drill flute profile geometry can never be precisely generated when required grinding wheel profile is represented by two circular arcs and the generated flute profile is just a very good approximation of the design flute profile. A CAD （computer aided design） software has been developed using MATLAB to determine the required grinding wheel profile for generating a given drill flute profile design.     

Computer-Aided Geometrical Analysis of the Fluting Operation for Twist Drill Design and Production. I. Forward Analysis and Generated Flute Profile

A computer-aided 'forward' analysis, based on a typical automated flute grinder used in drill production, has been developed to study the flute generation process and the intended or design flute profile of twist drills. It has been shown that the flute grinder involved three machine setting variables and seven wheel profile variables for generating the flute for each drill specification. Based on the recommended wheel profile and machine settings, the forward analysis has shown that the flute profile was partly generated by the 'envelope' of the wheel profiles and partly by the locus of the point of discontinuity on the wheel profile. Furthermore, these numerical simulation studies have shown that the intended or design lip flute profile closely approximated the ideal profile for straight lip production while the heel profile closely approximated a parabolic curve tangential to the core or web diameter and passing through the heel corner. Numerical simulation of the effect of the machine settings has shown that the wheel setting angle has to be set greater than the specified helix angle in order to avoid undercutting and generate the intended flute profile for straight lip production while the other setting variables had no major influence on the generated flute profile in practice. Apart from clarifying longstanding ambiguities in the geometry and specification of flute profile of twist drills, this investigation has provided essential information for the development of the 'backward' analysis considered in the next paper.     

NC data generation for 6-axis machine tools to produce a helical drill

This study presents a design methodology for grinding a specific helical drill on a CNC 6-axis grinding machine. The proposed methodology comprises three steps: (1) deriving a mathematical model of the helical drill, (2) establishing the ability matrix of the multi-axis grinding machine according to Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) notation, and (3) constructing configuration matrices to express the required grinding wheel positions and orientations while machining the flute and flank surfaces of the drill. The NC data for the motion values of each axis are obtained by equating the corresponding elements of the CNC ability matrix and the configuration matrices of the grinding wheel. To verify the proposed methodology, a designed helical drill is machined on a 6-axis CNC tool-grinding machine. The methodology presented in this study integrates the drill design and manufacturing activities, thereby making possible the implementation of a more flexible, automatic, cost efficient and controllable design and production process.