小湾水电站机墩结构刚度分析

结合小湾水电站的工程实例,通过建立包括机墩组合结构的厂房整体三维有限元模型,对机墩组合结构进行了静力刚度和动力刚度复核.采用动力法计算了机墩在机组动荷载作用下的位移、应力.计算结果表明,动力刚度存在与荷载频率的相关性,其结果更为可靠,该机墩结构刚度、强度满足设计要求.     

垫层对水电站机墩及座环刚度的影响

机墩组合结构和座环结构为水轮发电机组主要的支撑体系,其刚度对机组的稳定性尤为重要。为掌握垫层蜗壳结构中软垫层对机墩及座环刚度的影响,以某巨型水电站工程为例,建立了其地下厂房结构三维有限元模型,分析了不同的垫层模拟方式即单元形式、铺设范围和压缩模量对机墩及座环刚度的影响。计算结果表明,各垫层模拟方式的变化对机墩水平刚度基本无影响;垫层铺设范围的变化对机墩竖向刚度和座环径向刚度基本无影响;垫层压缩模量的变化对机墩竖向刚度和座环径向刚度有一定影响,但影响较小,变幅最大不超过7.5％。     

水电站垫层蜗壳外围混凝土结构受力分析

以某工程为例,对垫层蜗壳进行了三维非线性有限元计算,研究了混凝土承载比计算方法,考虑有无伸缩节和止推环的影响,从机墩结构不均匀上抬位移和混凝土承载比两方面,对摩擦系数、垫层刚度系数、垫层平面包角、子午断面包角进行比较和分析。结果表明,除有无伸缩节、止推环因素外,其他参数对机墩不均匀位移和混凝土承载比均有影响,其中垫层刚度系数影响最大,平面包角其次,摩擦系数和子午断面包角仅对混凝土承载比有一定影响。     

蜗壳空腔及内水压力对机墩受力的影响分析

采用有限元软件ANSYS对官地水电站机墩结构进行三维有限元分析,从结构应力、配筋和位移角度研究了蜗壳空腔和内水压力对机墩受力的影响.结果表明,分析机墩应力和配筋时有必要考虑蜗壳空腔和内水压力对机墩结构受力的影响,尤其对高水头、大直径蜗壳的厂房结构进行整体计算分析方能使机墩结构设计更符合实际.     

高闸墩及其上部附属结构地震响应分析

鉴于我国对上部附属结构抗震研究较少,规范中也未专门提及,由此导致设计人员进行等效静力计算时带有一定的随意性和经验性。借助有限元软件ADINA,利用动力时程分析法计算了西北地区某水电站的闸墩和框架结构,并通过各结构的动力特性和不同工况下的响应特点,探讨了地震作用下结构之间的耦联作用。结果表明,在地震作用时,质量和刚度沿竖向均存在明显突变的高闸墩和框架结构易产生类鞭梢效应的结构破坏,设计时应引起格外重视。     

宝泉抽水蓄能电站地下厂房结构静动力分析

以宝泉抽水蓄能电站为例,针对厂房结构面临的激振频率高、中拆方案削弱机墩刚度的振动问题,建立了有限元模型,分析了结构静动力特性,提出了采取加强楼板约束和提高楼板刚度措施,以满足地下厂房抗振要求.     

江坪河水电站溢洪道闸墩选型与预应力水平分析

采用三维有限元方法对江坪河水电站控制段闸墩结构的选型进行了比较探讨,并对不同预应力值的闸墩力学性能做了对比分析,提出了合理的顸应力取值,依此对不同荷载工况下预应力闸墩结构位移和应力进行了计算并做了安全性评价.结果表明,选取的预应力闸墩结构具有整体稳定性,在各种荷载组合效应下墩体的变形和应力分布满足工程及规范<水工混凝土结构设计规范>要求.     

水电站新型板墙式混凝土机墩结构研究

对新型板墙式混凝土机墩结构进行研究，建立有效合理的有限元模型；针对三种新型板墙式机墩结构的布置形式，分别进行结构自振特性、共振校核、机墩部位振幅和应力计算分析，结果表明：三种新型板墙式机墩结构的布置形式均是安全可靠的；方案三为最佳机墩设计方案。     

柴油机双层隔振系统刚度优化及试验分析

对必须考虑中间质量柔性效应的双层隔振系统,为解决有限元方法进行隔振器刚度优化工作量巨大、计算周期长的难题,提出了一种使用动力学方法进行隔振器刚度优化,根据优化结果采用有限元模型进行验证的优化方法,并最终结合试验对该方法进行有效性检验.根据双层隔振系统的结构参数,以不同的优化目标,编制双层隔振系统解耦优化程序,获得各隔振器刚度方案下的优化结果;利用优化结果,进行双层隔振系统有限元模型的强迫振动计算,计算机组的振动烈度和二级隔振器位置处的支反力总和,其与动力学方法的计算结果变化趋势一致.根据最优隔振器刚度方案,对柴油发电机组进行了台架运行试验.结果表明:有限元方法计算的机组的振动烈度和支反力之和与试验结果吻合很好,验证了该方法的正确性.     

换装径向转向架DF8B型机车车体的设计与计算

介绍了换装径向转向架DF8B型机车车体的设计,并利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对车体的强度、刚度、模态进行了有限元计算,据此对相关结构进行了改进。     

Ultimate load design of jacket‐type offshore wind turbines under tropical cyclones

Tropical cyclones are a high risk to offshore wind turbine (OWT) support structures, so the design conditions, including this risk, are necessary for tropical cyclone frequent occurrence zones. This study developed a computer program to carry out a critical ultimate load analysis and determine the optimum design for a Jacket‐type OWT support structure. The total weight of the OWT support structure after the optimal steel design with the yaw operative condition is always considerably smaller than that without for the steel design results under the loads of the GL Tropical Cyclone Technical Note (GL TCTN). This paper studies OWTs under the tropical cyclone classes 1 to 3 and the terrain categories A, to C, where the 1‐minute wind speed at 10‐m height is gradually increased from classes 1 to 3, and the surface roughness decreases from A to C. When the yaw can operate, the total steel weight consumption due to the tropical cyclone 1C, 1B, and 2C loads is lower than that for the IEC 61400‐3 loads. In the case of 1A, the overall steel consumption is only slightly higher than that of the IEC 61400‐3. However, for other conditions, the design should include the GL TCTN loads. For the yaw inoperative condition, the GL TCTN results are always largely dominant in the steel design, so the use of only the IEC 61400‐3 condition will result in extremely high risk to OWT support structures.     

The potential of balloon engines to convert the low grade heat in warm, saturated air to electrical energy

This article outlines the concept, theory and performance of an engine for converting the heat in warm, saturated air to electrical energy. The engine comprises a drive balloon and a support balloon both connected to an electric generator by a rope. Warm, saturated air from a source such as a solar pond or the cooling tower of a power station is used to charge the larger drive balloon. The two balloons ascend several kilometers while performing work on the electric generator. At some maximum height the larger drive balloon discharges all its air into the cold upper atmosphere and, with the smaller balloon providing support for the larger balloon envelope, the two balloons are hauled back to ground by switching the electric generator to electric motor operation. The work done by the system on the electric generator during ascent exceeds the work done on the system by the electric motor during descent resulting in a positive work output. Condensation of water vapor in the drive balloon maintains the internal saturated air temperature above ambient temperature and provides an increasing lift force with height. Recycling the condensate adds to the work output of the engine and conserves water. The ideal thermal efficiency of the engine approaches 15%, corresponding to the large temperature difference available within the 10 km height of the troposphere. The engine power scales as the cube of the drive balloon diameter. Scaling by a factor of four up from the diameter of commercially available balloons provides power outputs in the MW range.     

飞轮储能技术研究的发展现状

飞轮储能技术已成为国际能源界研究的热点之一,从飞轮储能技术的技术进展（包括飞轮本体、转子支承系统,电动／发电机,电力转换器与真空室）以及应用研究（电力调峰,飞轮电池,不间断供电,强力放电等）角度出发,系统地介绍了该技术国内外的发展现状及今后发展方向。     

长期循环荷载作用时单桩式海上风力机结构自振频率的影响规律研究

基于FLAC^3D有限差分计算平台,建立风力机结构自振频率数值计算模型,并与工程监测的自振频率数据进行对比验证模型的有效性;然后通过嵌入土体刚度衰减模型（DSM）,考虑长期循环荷载对地基刚度的影响;探讨不同大小的循环荷载、不同的循环加载次数对海上风力机结构体系自振频率的影响规律,提出自振频率衰减公式;最后结合既有的风力机结构体系自振频率简化计算方法,建立单桩式海上风力机长期自振频率简化评价方法。结果表明,循环荷载的增大、加载次数的增加会导致海上风力机结构体系自振频率较小;风力机结构体系的设计自振频率应偏移3P,以保证海上风力机的长期运营安全。     

Automatic management of energy flows of a stand-alone renewable energy supply with hydrogen support

This work deals with the design and construction of an automation system for controlling the electric energy flows that take place at the continuous current bus (DC Bus) of a wind–solar system with hydrogen support. The automation system is based on a Siemens PLC s7_313C_2DP. This PLC was equipped with a Micro Memory Card (MMC) of 2 MB in order to allow the massive storage of data related to the control and monitoring of the test-bed. This system has to perform the required switching between the components of the hybrid electric energy generator. These elements are: photovoltaic generator, wind-turbine generator, fuel-cell system, and electrolyzer.     

Sensitivity of torsional stress predictions of diesel generatorsets to critical parameter values

In the present paper a new method is presented for the evaluation of torsional stressing of diesel-generator sets consisting of components with uncertain torsional characteristics. A frequency scanning technique is implemented for eigenvalue analysis of the elastic system. Due to the uncertainty of the values of stiffness and damping coefficients, a sensitivity analysis method is also presented, suitable for the evaluation of the range of the mechanical stresses. Special consideration is given to the correct simulation of the coupling to the electric network, including the influence of generator regulators and possible network interactions. An exact formula is extracted for the synchronizing and damping torque coefficients. The method presented was checked in a diesel power station of the autonomous electric system of a Greek island     

2002 IEEE PES Summer Meeting Call for Papers

Feeding electric loads independent of power utilities is an important task that is done by using a stand-alone synchronous generator (alternator). Automatic regulation of the output voltage of these alternators is necessary, especially if the load demand changes over a wide range. Many schemes are offered in the literature for such an automatic voltage regulator (AVR). This letter introduces an AVR based on recently developed artificial intelligence tools for modeling and control.