响应面法优化金银花枸杞风味酸奶的发酵工艺

以金银花、枸杞、全脂奶粉为原料,采用单因素试验研究了金银花汁添加量、枸杞汁添加量、白砂糖添加量、发酵温度、发酵时间、发酵剂接种量对金银花枸杞风味酸奶发酵的影响。以感官评分为响应值,采用响应面法对金银花枸杞风味酸奶的发酵工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,金银花枸杞风味酸奶的最佳发酵工艺条件为金银花汁添加量5%、枸杞汁添加量6%、白砂糖添加量8%,发酵剂接种量10%,发酵温度43 ℃,发酵时间5.1 h。在此优化工艺条件下,发酵的金银花枸杞风味酸奶组织细腻,酸甜可口,具有独特的中药香,感官评分为91分。     

金银花凝固型酸奶制作工艺研究

为充分发挥金银花的保健功效,以金银花汁与全脂乳粉为主要原料,研究了金银花凝固型酸奶制作工艺。试验结果表明:金银花汁浸提条件为:95℃,40 min;金银花凝固型酸奶最佳工艺参数:金银花汁添加量8%,白砂糖添加量9%,发酵剂接种量5%,发酵时间4 h。     

抗凝冻酸奶的研制

针对酸奶货架期短，不易长期保藏，而影响酸奶的销售和发展。本研究为了改变酸奶的现状，采用不同工艺和添加食品抗凝冻剂，降低酸奶的冰点，加工出可以在0℃以下保藏的抗凝冻酸奶，而且不会影响风味、酸度和质地。试验结果表明，抗凝冻酸奶的最佳条件为：加糖量为6％，接种量为3．0％，发酵时间为4．5h，复合抗冻剂加入量为0．6％。     

沙棘发酵酸牛乳的研制

将沙棘果汁引入酸奶中，制成沙棘酸奶，具有沙棘果汁的香味，并含丰富的维生素C和可溶性膳食纤维。沙棘酸奶制作的最佳工艺条件为沙棘汁：牛奶=1：5，发酵剂接种量为3％，蔗糖加入量为8％，发酵时间5h。     

花粉酸奶的研究

通过对比研究、正交实验、极差分析等方法，研究了凝固型与搅拌型花粉酸奶的最佳配方。结果表明，对于搅拌型花粉酸奶的影响因素为：花粉的添加量＞乳粉的添加量＞蜂蜜的添加量＞稳定剂的添加量；对于凝固型花粉酸奶的影响因素为：花粉的添加量＞乳粉的添加量＞稳定剂的添加量＞蜜的添加量。搅拌型花粉酸奶的最佳因素水平为(质量分数)：花粉为0．5％；稳定剂为0.5％；乳粉3％；蜂蜜1.2％；凝固型花粉酸奶的最佳因素水平为(质量分数)：花粉为0．5％；稳定剂为0．6％3乳粉3％5蜂蜜1．5％。     

无糖保健香椿酸奶的研制

无糖香椿酸奶是以香椿、鲜奶、木糖醇为主要原料制成的营养保健酸奶。本文详细介绍了无糖香椿酸奶的制作工艺，并通过L9(34)正交试验，探讨了香椿汁添加量，稳定剂用量，发酵奶用量及木糖醇添加量对酸奶质量的影响。最终表明：香椿汁添加量为15％，稳定剂用量为2．5％o，发酵奶用量为50％，木糖醇用量为8％时酸奶质量最佳。     

薄荷金银花酸奶的制备工艺

研究原料热烫处理、薄荷汁和金银花汁添加量、乳酸菌接种量、蔗糖添加量对酸奶品质的影响,确定薄荷金银花酸奶的最佳工艺参数。结果表明:薄荷叶在10%NaCl沸水中热烫1 min护色效果最好。牛奶中加入体积分数为5%的薄荷汁、10%的金银花汁,8%的蔗糖,接种量7%,42℃发酵9 h0,℃~4℃冷藏12 h,制成的薄荷金银花酸奶色泽淡黄,兼具薄荷的清凉和金银花的芳香,奶香浓郁,组织状态良好,口感丰厚润滑,经检验其理化指标和微生物指标均符合国家标准要求。     

花生蛋白酸奶的制作及品质特性研究

添加花生蛋白粉制作酸乳，用物性分析仪及感官评定对酸奶各项指标进行测定，探讨花生蛋白添加量、发酵时间、接种量对酸奶品质的影响，通过正交试验确定最佳条件为：发酵时间5h，花生蛋白添加量为15％或20％，发酵剂的接种量为3％或4％。生产的花生蛋白酸奶，口感温和、风味纯正、质地细腻。     

金银花凝固型酸奶的制备工艺

水提法浸提金银花提取有效成分,以金银花水提液和牛奶为主要原料,利用正交设计法对金银花酸奶的发酵工艺进行了初步研究。结果表明,采用15%金银花水提液,蔗糖4%,保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合发酵剂(1∶1)接种量3%,42℃发酵5 h,可制得到品质风味优良的金银花酸奶。     

发酵型山药酸奶的生产工艺

以山药和鲜牛奶为原料，成功研制出一种集山药和酸奶的保健功能于一体的新型保健饮料－山药酸奶。首先，研究了山药汁制取工艺，通过添加护色剂，得到色泽洁白，性质稳定的山药汁：然后，通过正交试验，得到山药酸奶的最佳制取工艺。结果表明：山药汁的护色剂以0．05％Vc 0.15?的护色效果最好；山药酸奶制作的最佳工艺条件为：山药汁∶牛奶＝1∶，接种量1％，加糖量10％，发酵时间44h。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the