砖混再生粗骨料及其在混凝土中的研究与应用进展

随着我国城市化进程的加速以及人们居住水平的不断改善,20世纪60年代至80年代建设的大量砖混结构建筑物面临拆除,这些砖混结构物拆除后经破碎加工而成的粗骨料中含有大量碎砖、碎瓦和低强度的混凝土,简称砖混再生粗骨料（Mixed recycled coarse aggregate,MRCA）。MRCA的高值利用是建筑固废资源化利用的研究热点。MRCA具有吸水性高、压碎指标高、空隙率高以及密度低“三高一低”的物理特性。MRCA具有较大的棱角度、表面粗糙度和分形维数,较小的圆度等颗粒形态特征。MRCA混凝土破坏主要由低强度的碎砖骨料破坏及再生粗骨料与水泥砂浆界面过渡区粘结破坏导致。采用物理和化学方法对MRCA进行强化,并通过适合的配合比设计方法和制备技术可以改善MRCA混凝土性能。再生砖骨料占比是影响MRCA混凝土工作性能、力学强度及耐久性的重要参数之一。相关学者研究了再生砖骨料含量对MRCA混凝土工作性能、力学强度及耐久性能的影响规律,并基于应力应变关系和再生砖骨料的含量提出了MRCA混凝土损伤本构关系模型,探讨了MRCA混凝土的损伤演变规律。另一些学者测试了MRCA混凝土制备的梁、板和柱等构...     

再生粗骨料的随机特性及分级方法研究

通过96个不同来源废旧混凝土再生粗骨料样本的试验,研究了再生粗骨料吸水率、堆积密度、饱和面干表观密度和压碎指标的概率分布特征。试验结果表明,四个指标均服从正态分布。根据相对方差和极差分析结果,确定了吸水率和压碎指标作为再生粗骨料品质分级的控制指标。然后对不同来源再生粗骨料混凝土进行抗压强度试验,得到了再生粗骨料吸水率和压碎指标的分级范围,从而提出了再生粗骨料品质的分级方法。最后利用其他研究者的试验数据,验证了该方法对再生粗骨料分级的合理性。     

基于再生粗骨料裹浆厚度的含砂透水混凝土配合比设计方法

研究了不同水胶比下外加剂掺量对胶凝材料净浆流动度的影响,以及净浆流动度、中砂/净浆质量比双因素耦合作用下再生粗骨料裹覆砂浆厚度的变化规律;建立了胶凝材料净浆流动度与外加剂掺量,再生粗骨料裹覆砂浆厚度与净浆流动度、中砂/净浆质量比两个数学关联模型,并将两个数学关联模型应用到透水混凝土配合比设计中.结果表明,再生粗骨料裹覆砂浆厚度随砂浆流动度减小而增大,且骨料粒径愈大,其裹覆厚度愈大.采用再生骨料RCA-9.5配制含砂透水混凝土,其砂浆浆体稳定包裹再生粗骨料,无漏浆封底、露骨散架等问题;混凝土试件28 d抗压强度为14.1～17.1 MPa,28 d抗折强度为2.0～2.7 MPa,透水系数大于6 mm·s-1,抗冻性和耐磨性良好.     

橡胶再生粗骨料混凝土的性能试验研究

为研究橡胶再生粗骨料混凝土的力学性能和疲劳性能,该文采用不同配合比橡胶再生粗骨料混凝土,进行了力学性能和疲劳性能试验。结果表明：1）再生粗骨料混凝土的抗压强度比普通混凝土提高了9.8%,但抗折强度比普通混凝土低,其弹性模量略有下降。2）再生粗骨料混凝土的基本力学性能随废弃橡胶颗粒的掺入有较显著的下降,折压比随之增加,峰值挠度、峰值应变和极限应变在一定范围内随橡胶颗粒含量的增加而增加。3）当橡胶颗粒掺量为20%时,橡胶再生粗骨料混凝土的极限应变是无橡胶再生粗骨料混凝土的3.46倍,同时显著增强了混凝土的疲劳寿命。     

再生粗骨料含水状态对混凝土性能产生的影响分析

该文分析了再生粗骨料含水状态给混凝土流变性带来的影响,为了证实结论是否正确,进行早期力学性能与耐久性能的测试。最终结果表示：新拌混凝土的流变性能极易受到再生粗骨料含水量的影响。虽然含水量无法对混凝土的动态屈服应力产生较大干扰,但会明显干扰整体材料的塑性黏度与静态屈服应力。除此之外,对比不同的含水状态中,对混凝土抗压强干扰最不明显的是气干状态,该文对混凝土性能在不同再生骨料含水状态下的变化做出进一步分析,从而为类似项目提供参考。     

再生粗骨料的随机特性及分级方法研究EI北大核心CSCD

通过96个不同来源废旧混凝土再生粗骨料样本的试验,研究了再生粗骨料吸水率、堆积密度、饱和面干表观密度和压碎指标的概率分布特征。试验结果表明,四个指标均服从正态分布。根据相对方差和极差分析结果,确定了吸水率和压碎指标作为再生粗骨料品质分级的控制指标。然后对不同来源再生粗骨料混凝土进行抗压强度试验,得到了再生粗骨料吸水率和压碎指标的分级范围,从而提出了再生粗骨料品质的分级方法。最后利用其他研究者的试验数据,验证了该方法对再生粗骨料分级的合理性。     

高强再生骨料混凝土的配制及性能研究

采用再生粗骨料配制强度在50MPa或更大的高强再生骨料混凝土,并对其变形能力和耐久性进行测定,为高强再生骨料混凝土在工程上的应用提供理论和实验基础。通过一系列的抗压实验确定再生粗骨料的强度极限,并通过对水灰比的调整,使配制的高强再生骨料混凝土在强度上达到设计值,并以再生粗骨料取代率为0、30%、50%、80%和100%的高强再生骨料混凝土为研究对象进行实验。当再生粗骨料取代率为30%时,对再生混凝土的强度影响不大;之后混凝土强度随再生骨料的增加而降低。高强再生骨料混凝土与天然混凝土在耐久性上具有相似的性能,可以将高强再生混凝土应用于工程中。     

再生骨料强化方法研究进展

再生骨料混凝土作为新型环保材料,满足节约资源和能源、减少环境污染以及可持续发展战略的要求,是绿色混凝土的主要研究方向和推广方向.再生骨料表面附着老水泥砂浆,表面粗糙、棱角多,并含有大量孔洞以及二次破碎过程产生的微裂纹,与天然骨料相比,再生骨料存在密度低、吸水率大、压碎指标大、坚固性差、离散性大等不足,且再生骨料与其表面附着砂浆间存在薄弱界面区,使再生骨料混凝土的性能受到影响、工程应用受到限制.因此,提高再生骨料性能是再生骨料混凝土研究中的关键问题之一.传统提高再生骨料混凝土性能的方法主要聚焦在混凝土拌和阶段,通过改善拌和方法、加入矿物掺合料、优化混凝土配合比设计,或通过优化再生骨料级配、降低再生骨料取代率,以弱化再生骨料对再生骨料混凝土性能的不利影响,但本质上并未改善再生骨料的缺陷.而对再生骨料进行强化处理可改善再生骨料的性能.现有再生骨料强化方法主要从再生骨料表面附着砂浆着手,通过物理、化学或生物方法去除老砂浆或增强老砂浆来提高再生骨料的性能,如机械研磨、火山灰质浆液浸泡、纳米材料改性、二氧化碳强化法等.此外,通过骨料重组法对再生骨料成分进行分类、重组,也可在一定程度上提高再生骨料性能,进而达到改善再生骨料混凝土性能的目的.本文总结了国内外已有再生骨料强化方法的研究进展,分别介绍了去除老砂浆、增强老砂浆、骨料重组三类再生骨料强化方法及其作用机理,总结分析了再生骨料强化方法的强化效果,提出进一步研究再生骨料强化的方向.     

再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系

再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系是实现其材料到结构力学分析的桥梁纽带,成为再生粗骨料混凝土结构基础理论的基石。介绍了作者团队多年来在再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系方面取得的研究进展：采用模型化再生粗骨料方法,研究了复杂界面过渡区对再生粗骨料混凝土破坏行为的影响,揭示了再生粗骨料混凝土细观损伤本质与演化机理;从静力作用到动力作用,系统地开展了不同工况下再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变行为试验研究,探明了载荷条件对再生粗骨料混凝土应力与变形的影响规律并建立了相适应的力学与数学模型;进一步考虑再生粗骨料性能时空变异性,发现了再生粗骨料混凝土力学响应的概率分布特征,提出了再生粗骨料混凝土随机损伤本构关系;基于获得的本构模型,完成了再生粗骨料混凝土构件时变可靠度分析和结构动力非线性分析,为再生粗骨料混凝土在实际工程中的安全应用提供了理论支撑;提炼了相关研究结论并对未来研究工作进行了展望。     

再生粗骨料混凝土的基本性能初探

根据近年来国内对外再生粗骨料混凝土性能的研究成果,通过对再生粗骨料混凝土的性能与普通混凝土进行对比分析,总结出再生粗骨料混凝土基本力学性能、耐久性及和易性的特点,并提出了改善这些性能的方法。     

Effect of carbonation of modeled recycled coarse aggregate on the mechanical properties of modeled recycled aggregate concrete

The modeled recycled aggregate concrete (MRAC) which is an idealized model for the real recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) was used in this study. The MRCAs prepared with two types of old mortars were modified by an accelerated carbonation process. The effects of carbonation of MRCA on the micro-hardness of MRCA and the mechanical properties of MRAC were investigated. The results indicated that the micro-hardness of the old interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and the old mortar in the carbonated MRCAs was higher than that in the uncarbonated MRCAs, and the enhancement of the old ITZ was more significant than that of the old mortar. The compressive strength and modulus of MRACs increased when the carbonated MRCAs were utilized, and the improvement was more significant for MRAC prepared with a higher w/c. In addition, a numerical study was carried out and it showed that the improvement in strength by carbonation treatment was less obvious when the difference between the new and old mortar was larger.     

Bond strength prediction for deformed steel rebar embedded in recycled coarse aggregate concrete

This paper summarizes the results of an experimental investigation into the bond behavior between recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) and deformed steel rebars, with the main variables being the recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio (RCAr) and water-to-cement ratio of the concrete mixture. The investigation into splitting cracking strength indicates that the degradation of the bond splitting tensile stress of the cover concrete was affected by not only the roundness of the coarse aggregate particles but also the weak interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the cement paste and the RCA that has a more porous structure in the ITZ than normal concrete. In this study, a linear relationship between the bond strength and the density of the RCA was found, but the high compressive strength reduced the effects of the parameters. To predict the bond strength of RAC using the main parameters, a multivariable model was developed using nonlinear regression analysis. It can be inferred from this study that the degradation characteristic of the bond strength of RAC can be predicted well, whereas other empirical equations and code provisions are very conservative.     

颗粒整形对再生粗骨料性能的影响

为了有效提高再生粗骨料的性能,必须对再生骨料进行机械强化处理.首次提出了利用高速(线速度≥80m/s)运动的再生骨料之间的反复相互冲击与摩擦作用,有效地打掉较为突出的棱角和除去颗粒表面附着的砂浆和水泥石的一种新技术.研究表明:颗粒整形使再生骨料的颗粒堆积密度平均提高了9.3%、表观密度从2.56g/cm3提高到2.59g/cm3、空隙率从53.3%降至48.5%、吸水率从4.7%降至2.9%、压碎指标值从15.8%降至9.4%,而且堆积密度、密实密度和针片状骨料含量等指标均优于天然碎石骨料,完全能够满足配制普通混凝土的要求.     

再生骨料掺配比对再生透水混凝土性能的影响

为研究再生骨料在透水混凝土（RPC）中的应用,选用废弃路面素混凝土块为再生骨料来源,设计2种系列,研究再生骨料透水混凝土中再生骨料掺配问题,即分别以粒径9.5~19.0 mm,再生骨料按0%、25%、50%、75%和100%（基准）质量替代同粒径天然骨料碎石（系列1）和以4.75~9.5 mm、9.5~19.0 mm两种粒径,再生骨料按0∶1、1∶1、1∶2、2∶1、2∶3和3∶2掺比（系列2）制备RPC,并分析其物理、力学、透水性能及其相互关系,得到了合理的再生骨料替代率和双粒级掺比,在1∶1和2∶1掺配下能够得到较好的强度及透水性能。通过切割试块的图像化处理,分析其孔隙分布特征和趋势,并将平面孔隙率、等效孔径和透水系数联系起来。结果表明,再生透水混凝土的透水能力主要取决于截面孔隙个数和面积。     

再生混凝土动态直接拉伸的试验研究

利用大直径(75 mm)分离式霍普金森拉杆(SHTB),对再生粗骨料取代率分别为0%、25%、50%、75%和100%的5组圆柱体再生混凝土试样进行应变率范围为100~102s-1的动态直接拉伸实验,研究再生混凝土的动态直接拉伸力学性能及其破坏形态。试验结果表明,再生混凝土的抗拉强度随平均应变率的增加而增大,而再生混凝土的破坏形态与平均应变率有关,这表明再生混凝土具有明显的率敏感性。在相同水灰比下,再生混凝土准静态拉伸强度比普通混凝土低1.3%~15.9%,动态拉伸强度比普通混凝土低1.7%~29%,此研究为再生混凝土的工程应用提供一定的理论依据。     

粗集料棱角性对OGFC多孔沥青混合料性能的影响

采用洛杉矶磨耗机对粗集料进行不同程度磨耗后,按照OGFC-10、OGFC-13和OGFC-16等3种级配制备了12种OGFC沥青混合料。在室内借助集料图像测量系统得到了不同OGFC沥青混合料的粗集料棱角性综合值Ic,并测试了各沥青混合料的相关路用性能。结果表明,当集料级配相同时,粗集料棱角性下降会造成OGFC沥青混合料马歇尔稳定度、动稳定度、空隙率和抗滑性能均有明显下降,但对渗水性能影响不大。当集料级配不同时,3种OGFC沥青混合料中,随着粗集料棱角性综合值Ic的下降,OGFC-16的马歇尔稳定度、动稳定度和抗滑性能下降最明显,OGFC-10的空隙率下降最明显。     

Base force element method based on the complementary energy principle for the damage analysis of recycled aggregate concrete

The finite element method (FEM) is an effective approach for exploring the failure mechanism of heterogeneous materials. According to the complementary energy principle, the use of FEM might suffer from several difficulties in terms of keeping the elements and their boundaries balanced, as well as finding interpolation functions. In this study, we introduced an efficient approach to researching the failure mechanism of the material, named base force element method (BFEM), according to complementary energy principle. Specifically, the element compliance matrix of an arbitrary quadrilateral element with four mid-edge nodes was expressed based on the complementary energy principle. Then, the node displacement was obtained by the governing equation using the Lagrange multiplier method. In addition, both the compliance matrix and the node displacement were represented as explicit expressions without the use of Gaussian integration. A numerical model of the recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) was established according to the Monte Carlo method. A comparative sample of the digital image model was also established using digital image technology. The influences of substituting recycled aggregate and the relative mechanical properties of adhered mortar to those of new mortar on the failure mechanism of RAC were studied. The simulation results indicated that the BFEM is an effective approach to researching the damage mechanism of heterogeneous materials.     

Residue strength,water absorption and pore size distributions of recycled aggregate concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures

In this paper, the effects of high temperature exposure of recycled aggregate concretes in terms of residual strengths, capillary water absorption capacity and pore size distribution are discussed. Two mineral admixtures, fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace (GGBS) were used in the experiment to partially replace ordinary Portland cement for concrete production. The water to cementitious materials ratio was maintained at 0.50 for all the concrete mixes. The replacement levels of natural aggregates by recycled aggregates were at 0%, 50% and 100%. The concretes were exposed separately to 300 °C, 500 °C and 800 °C, and the compressive and splitting tensile strength, capillary water coefficient, porosity and pore size distribution were determined before and after the exposure to the high temperatures. The results show that the concretes made with recycled aggregates suffered less deteriorations in mechanical and durability properties than the concrete made with natural aggregates after the high temperature exposures.     

Optimization of normal and high strength recycled aggregate concrete mixtures by using packing model

This paper analyzes the possibility of applying the Compressible Packing Model (CPM) for the proportion of concrete mixtures produced with Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCAs). As a matter of fact, the RCAs are composed of natural aggregates and attached mortar and, as a consequence, they generally present a higher porosity in comparison with ordinary natural aggregates. The higher porosity of RCAs can affect the resulting Recycled Aggregate Concretes (RACs) properties and, for this reason, the mix design procedure available in literature for ordinary concrete mixture cannot be applied as such in the case of RACs. In this context, the present work first presents a preliminary study in which the optimal mixing procedure for RACs is investigated and then, a possible extension of the CPM in the case of RACs is analyzed. Several structural RAC mixtures were designed for three strength classes (25, 45 and 65 MPa) by considering the variation of the aggregate replacement from 0 to 100%. Finally, the proposed procedure is experimentally validated by performing mechanical and durability tests on selected mixtures for the three strength classes with a RCAs content up to 60%. The results reported herein demonstrate the applicability of the CPM for recycled concrete mixtures and highlight as the rational use of RCAs lead to produce structural RAC without affecting its mechanical and the durability performance.