F-和Cl-对316不锈钢临界点蚀温度的协同作用

用电化学测量临界点蚀温度 (CPT) 的方法,研究 0.1 mol/L NaCl 溶液中F-浓度对316不锈钢点蚀行为的影响.结果表明:随着 F-浓度的增加,316不锈钢的CPT降低,开路电位也随之降低.在CPT以下,不锈钢发生亚稳态点蚀;在 CPT 之上,不锈钢发生稳态点蚀.用扫描电镜分析了临界点蚀温度前后点蚀形貌的变化.     

321不锈钢点蚀电位影响因素的研究

通过正交设计和对比实验研究了温度、pH值以及Cl-和SO2-4含量对321不锈钢点蚀电位的影响.正交设计表明,温度和Cl-(Cl-≥0.014mol/L)含量对点蚀电位Eb的影响显著,但pH值(6～9)则没有影响.对比实验表明,当Cl-≤0.014 mol/L时,Cl-对Eb没有影响,当Cl-＞0.014 mol/L,则Eb随Cl-浓度对数升高而线性下降.点蚀电位随温度升高而下降.如不含Cl-,则SO2-4对Eb没有影响,当Cl-=0.028 mol/L时,Eb随SO2-4浓度升高而升高,并趋于稳定值.     

316L不锈钢在吸收式热泵中耐蚀性能的研究

通过电化学动电位扫描技术,采用正交试验法,研究了溴化锂(LiBr)吸收式热泵用管材316L不锈钢在热网水中的耐蚀性,建立了316L点蚀电位关于热网水温度、Cl-浓度和p H值三因素数学模型。通过腐蚀失重和电化学极化法进行了316L不锈钢在吸收器LiBr溶液中的点蚀性能研究。结果表明:温度与Cl-浓度对316L点蚀电位影响负相关,而p H值对其影响正相关,且各因素影响的显著程度为p H值温度Cl-浓度。吸收器条件下316L不锈钢的腐蚀速率仅为0.78μm/a,其表面点蚀坑多但较浅,且分布较均匀;但是316L点蚀电位Eb低于其氧平衡电位φ较多,点蚀仍可能发生。     

酸性介质中HR-2不锈钢表面活性的SECM三维图像表征研究

采用扫描电化学显微镜（SECM）,面扫描与线性扫描技术相结合,研究了HR-2不锈钢在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄+0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明：HR-2不锈钢在该溶液中的开路电位、活化电位及钝化区电位分别为：-0.4 V、-0.23 V、0.0 V ~ 0.8 V,基底保持开路电位和活化电位时,探头最大电流为9.5 nA和35.2 nA,基底形成钝化膜后探头电流明显减小;当探头电位为-0.2 V时能有效氧化基底产生的H₂,0.6 V时能有效氧化基底反应产生的Fe₂₊,探头-基底间距为20 μm时,可较好地表征基底活性;当溶液中硫脲浓度为0.75 mmol/L时,有最佳的缓蚀作用。     

铝表面聚苯胺的电化学合成与性能研究

目的 提高铝在含氯离子介质中的耐腐蚀性能.方法 在含有0.4 mol/L苯胺的1 mol/L硫酸中,采用恒电位法和循环伏安法在铝表面电化学合成聚苯胺,用红外光谱、紫外光谱和扫描电镜对聚苯胺的结构和形貌进行表征.通过动电位极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗测试,研究聚苯胺在0.6 mol/L NaCl、0.6 mol/L HCl、0.3 mol/L H2 SO4和0.3 mol/L H2 SO4+0.6 mol/L NaCl几种腐蚀介质中对铝的防护性能.结果 红外光谱表明,合成的是硫酸掺杂态聚苯胺.紫外-可见光谱表明,不同电化学方法 合成的聚苯胺吸收峰位置相近.扫描电镜观察显示,恒电位法制备的聚苯胺为纳米短棒状结构,而循环伏安法制备的聚苯胺呈现出颗粒状结构.聚苯胺涂层铝在各种腐蚀溶液中的自腐蚀电位都比铝正移,在0.3 mol/L H2 SO4中,恒电位法和循环伏安法制备的试样自腐蚀电位分别提高了769、894 mV.相比于恒电位法,循环伏安法制备的聚苯胺涂层具有更好的防腐蚀性能,在0.3 mol/L H2 SO4+0.6 mol/L NaCl中的保护效率高达91.69%,在0.6 mol/L HCl和0.6 mol/L NaCl溶液中的保护效率分别为80.40%和6.54%.结论 聚苯胺涂层在酸性溶液中比在中性溶液中具有更明显的腐蚀防护效果,在0.3 mol/L H2 SO4+0.6 mol/L NaCl强腐蚀性溶液中能对铝基体起到良好的防腐蚀作用.     

309不锈钢纳米涂层在酸性溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为

用动电位极化、恒电位极化及交流阻抗技术研究了 309 不锈钢及其溅射纳米涂层在 0.25 mol/L Na2SO4 0.05 mol/L H2SO4 和 0.5 mol/L Nacl 0.05 mol/L H2SO4溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为.结果表明,在 0.25 mol/L Na2SO4 0.05 mol/L H2SO4 溶液中,纳米涂层和不锈钢形成的钝化膜的抗腐蚀能力差别较小;而在 0.5 mol/L NaCl 0.05mol/L H2SO4 溶液中,纳米涂层的耐点蚀性能有了很大提高,这是由于纳米化使涂层表面形成的钝化膜更加致密、更加稳定;同时,通过容抗测量研究了纳米涂层和不锈钢钝化膜的电子结构,并提出了相应的腐蚀机制.     

电子散斑干涉技术测量304不锈钢点蚀电位的方法研究

采用动电位扫描技术测量304不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中不同电位扫描速率下的极化曲线,用电子散斑干涉技术(ESPI)结合动电位扫描测量304不锈钢在不同浓度、温度和pH值的NaCl溶液中的点蚀电位。结果表明,电位扫描速率为0.3～6 mV/s时,其对304不锈钢在NaCl溶液中的自腐蚀电位和点蚀电位以及滞后环的大小的影响较小。电子散斑干涉技术测量的点蚀电位表明304不锈钢的点蚀敏感性随着溶液浓度和温度的增加而增大,随着溶液pH值的增加而减小。     

Cl~-对高氮不锈钢在0.5mol/L NaOH溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

利用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱和恒电位极化电流响应曲线对一种高氮不锈钢在含不同浓度Cl~-的0.5mol/L NaOH溶液中的腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明:高氮不锈钢在含Cl~-的0.5mol/L NaOH中具有良好的耐蚀性,极化曲线表现出阳极钝化特征,Cl~-浓度对点蚀电位无显著影响,钝化电流密度随Cl~-浓度的增加而增大;当Cl~-浓度增加到1.00mol/L时,高氮不锈钢表面生成的钝化膜呈n型半导体,仍具有良好的保护性,钝化膜的载流子密度随着Cl~-浓度的增加而增大。     

敏化对不锈钢孔蚀性能的影响

用电化学测试技术研究了不同敏化处理的304不锈钢的耐孔蚀性能,探讨了Cl-浓度、温度和pH值对孔蚀电位Eb的影响。结果表明,敏化热处理导致Eb值下降;随Cl-浓度增加,介质温度升高,pH下降,使Eb值变负;不锈钢的晶间腐蚀使耐孔蚀性能变劣     

重碳酸盐溶液中SO_4~(2-)和Cl~-对低碳钢活化/钝化腐蚀行为的影响

在除O_2的0.1 mol/L NaHCO_3,0.1 mol/L NaHCO_3+0.1 mol/L Na_2SO_4以及0.1 mol/L NaHCO_3+0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液中,用恒电位法在低碳钢电极表面制备腐蚀产物,并原位监测低碳钢的开路电位,用SEM观察腐蚀形貌,用XRD确定腐蚀产物的相组成.结果表明.在0.1 mol/L NaHCO_3溶液中,低碳钢的开路电位最终处于再钝化区间,其表面未观察到明显的腐蚀现象;在0.1 mol/L NaHCO_3+0.1 mol/L Na_2SO4溶液中,低碳钢的开路电位最终处于再活化区间,其表面发生均匀腐蚀;在0.1 mol/L NaHCO_3+0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液中,低碳钢的开路电位最终亦处于再活化区间,而其表面却发生局部腐蚀,XRD结果表明,低碳钢表面的腐蚀产物主要为Fe_3O_4和α-FeOOH.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。