托普索制氢工艺技术经济评价

介绍了丹麦托普索公司烃类转化制氢新技术中的对流式转化炉工艺和换热式转化炉工艺,并与传统辐射式转化炉工艺进行了技术经济对比.     

MACSV系统在TANDEM转化装置的应用

天然气转化制取合成气有多种生产工艺,其中自热式换热转化以美国KBR、英国ICI、俄罗斯TANDEM转化工艺应用为主。我公司结合技改目标以及各转化工艺的特点,选用了俄罗斯GIAP公司的TANDEM转化工艺。     

富氧浓度偏低状况下KRES装置运行总结

1问题背景 2003年,辽宁华锦通达化工股份有限公司采用美国KBR公司的换热式转化(KRES)专利技术对原凯洛格(Kellogg)型合成氨装置的转化工序进行了技术改造.该套装置由自热式转化炉(1103-MD)、换热式转化炉(100-MC)及工艺加热炉(104-MB)组成(见图1).     

换热式转化工艺参数确定

本文分别以富氧空气、过量空气和氧气为氧源,对ICI公司提出的LCA或LCM换热式转化工艺进行了模拟计算,并对工艺参数的确定原则进行了讨论。     

1．10 烃类蒸汽并联转化新工艺

1．10．1 技术持有者 成都市通用工程技术开发公司 1．10．2 开发过程 1989年，I．C．I公司率先开发成功气态烃换热式转化节能工艺（LEA）。1993年，国内开发的换热式富氧空气转化装置在四川蓬溪化工厂投运。鉴于该节能工艺高温设备可靠性差，需配空分装置，流程长、投资大且难以大型化，影响其推广应用，成都通用工程技术公司开发了换热式并联转化工艺，于1997年在重庆江北化肥有限公司工业化试验成功，迅速得到推广应用。     

合成氨装置扩能改造总结

合成氨厂分2期对2套合成氨装置进行配套扩能改造,以新老系统转化工序实施“并联换热式转化”工艺为重点,在不改变原外加热式箱式一段炉转化工艺的前提下,采用并联换热式转化工艺,使转化工序的生产能力达到160kt／a,为合成氨生产装置能力由96．5kt／a扩能改造到160kt／a奠定了坚实基础,并为联碱厂由285kt／a扩能改造到450kt／a提供了强有力的支撑。     

我厂节能增产改造技术路线的选择

论述了该厂合成氨装置节能增产技术改造的必要性和有利条件，对选用天然气换热式转化工艺路线改造常压油气比工艺的可行性及改造后的效果作了对比分析。     

节气型天然气转化工艺技术的选择

通过对非催化部分氧化法、蒸汽两段转化法、换热转化法和双一段转化法4种天然气转化工艺技术的阐述和分析比较,甘肃刘化(集团)有限责任公司从企业自身的实际情况出发选择了节气型的俄罗斯Tandem换热式转化工艺技术.     

换热式转化炉在焦炉煤气制甲醇中的应用

简述了换热式转化工艺流程,并对换热式纯氧二段转化与纯氧二段转化进行了比较,焦炉煤气采用换热式串纯氧二段转化可以提高设备的安全性和可靠性,提高生产能力。     

1．11 列管——浮头式换热式转化炉

1．11．1 技术持有者. 成都市通用工程技术开发公司 1．11．2 开发过程 换热式转化炉是烃类蒸汽换热式转化节能技术的核心设备。针对国内外现有管壳式炉结构复杂、易受高温破坏、检查检修影响生产时间长和造价高，从而影响该节能技术推广应用的问题。改进并开发了这一新型换热式转化炉，于2002年首先在成都玖源化工公司应用成功。     

基于流程拓扑信息的统计过程监测方法

传统数据驱动的过程监测方法主要基于历史数据和统计学知识建立,往往忽视了对过程机理的考虑。基于预测残差的过程监测方法则通过数据驱动的回归模型实现对局部过程机理的近似,在预测残差的基础上建立监测模型实现了对过程偏离更好的识别。但其建立回归模型实现对局部过程机理的近似时主要基于数据,很少考虑具体流程信息。作为流程信息的一种表现形式,流程拓扑结构常被用来提取变量间的进程与因果关系,如果在建立回归模型时结合流程的拓扑结构,则可使得所建立的回归模型中包含一定的流程信息,使其对局部机理的近似更为准确。基于此,本文提出一种基于流程拓扑信息的统计过程监测方法。该方法利用流程的拓扑结构,提取变量间的进程与因果关系,建立回归模型实现对局部过程机理的近似。在此基础上建立基于预测残差的过程监测模型,实现对过程偏离的监测。该方法被应用于某连续重整装置的过程监测中,结果表明其监测效果要优于基于主元分析和基于预测残差的过程监测方法。     

中型氨厂脱硫技术的过渡与选择

本文对ＴＶ法（栲胶法）、ＭＳＱ法、ＫＣＡ法、ＰＤＳ法、ＧＴＳ法进行了比较和综合评价，认为湿法脱硫从改良ＡＤＡ法向新法过渡，宜以选择ＰＤＳ法或ＧＴＳ法为优．     

煤气化制合成气工艺路线探讨

介绍了谢尔煤气化工艺和德士古气化工艺，从多方面对两种工艺的特点进行了比较并得出结论，Shell工艺在总体上比Texaco工艺具有一定的优势，建议合成氨煤气工序采用Shell煤气化工艺（SCGP）。     

Process similarity and developing new process models through migration

An industrial process may operate over a range of conditions to produce different grades of product. With a data-based model, as conditions change, a different process model must be developed. Adapting existing process models can allow using fewer experiments for the development of a new process model, resulting in a saving of time, cost, and effort. Process similarity is defined and classified based on process representation. A model migration strategy is proposed for one type of process similarity, family similarity, which involves developing a new process model by taking advantage of an existing base model, and process attribute information. A model predicting melt-flow-length in injection molding is developed and tested as an example and shown to give satisfactory results. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

氨氮废水处理技术及研究进展

概要介绍了一些氨氮废水处理方法的原理、影响因素和优缺点等,这些方法包括化学沉淀法、吹脱法、化学氧化法、生物法、膜分离法、离子交换法以及土壤灌溉等,为氨氮废水处理的研究与应用提供快捷的参考.以使在实际应用中针对不同类型氨氮废水迅速找出合理、高效的处理方法及组合。     

垃圾渗滤液处理技术的最新研究进展

有关垃圾渗滤液的研究已成为国内外环保领域研究的热点.根据国内外最新研究进展,简要分析了渗滤液的水质特点,介绍了最新的处理工艺,包括生化法、化学法、物化法、物理法及土地处理法,并对这些处理工艺的处理效果进行了分析.最后提出了目前渗滤液处理存在的一些问题,并进行了前景展望.     

团粒法40kt／aCl-NPK装置改产40kt／a料浆法S-NPK生产技术

由于我公司有富余磷酸及氨,团粒法Cl-NPK产品销路不畅、成本偏高,故将40 kt/a团粒法Cl-NPK改产为40 kt/a料泉法S-NPK.介绍改造的工艺流程、新增设备、操作条件及改造后的运行情况,结果表明料浆法工艺比团粒法具有产品质量高、成本低等诸多优点.     

A feedback control framework for safe and economically‐optimal operation of nonlinear processes

Maintaining safe operation of chemical processes and meeting environmental constraints are issues of paramount importance in the area of process systems and control engineering, and are ideally achieved while maximizing economic profit. It has long been argued that process safety is fundamentally a process control problem, yet few research efforts have been directed toward integrating the rather disparate domains of process safety and process control. Economic model predictive control (EMPC) has attracted significant attention recently due to its ability to optimize process operation accounting directly for process economics considerations. However, there is very limited work on the problem of integrating safety considerations in EMPC to ensure simultaneous safe operation and maximization of process profit. Motivated by the above considerations, this work develops three EMPC schemes that adjust in real‐time the size of the safety sets in which the process state should reside to ensure safe process operation and feedback control of the process state while optimizing economics via time‐varying process operation. Recursive feasibility and closed‐loop stability are established for a sufficiently small EMPC sampling period. The proposed schemes, which effectively integrate feedback control, process economics, and safety considerations, are demonstrated with a chemical process example. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2391–2409, 2016     

Gray‐Box Modeling for the Optimization of Chemical Processes

The availability of predictive models for chemical processes is the basic prerequisite for offline process optimization. In cases where a predictive model is missing for a process unit within a larger process flowsheet, measured operating data of the process can be used to set up such models combining physical knowledge and process data. In this contribution, the creation and integration of such gray‐box models within the framework of a flowsheet simulator is presented. Results of optimization using different gray‐box models are shown for a virtual cumene process.     

Generic model control — A case study

This paper outlines the use of a process model directly in a control algorithm. The process considered, a forced circulation single-stage evaporator, is a nonlinear interacting process. The control strategy employing a process model derived from fundamental mass and energy balances is shown to outperform single loop and predictive control strategies by a significant amount. The control structure is first presented in general form and then specifically applied to this process.