漂白活化剂四乙酰乙二胺的合成

四乙酰乙二胺(TAED)是一种含氧漂白活化剂,广泛应用于日用化工行业。本课题开发出了两步法合成TAED的工艺路线。第一步以乙二胺、乙酸合成二乙酰乙二胺(DAED);第二步以上述合成液与乙酸酐进一步合成TAED。通过催化剂、原料配比、反应时间、反应精馏等多种因素对TAED合成过程的影响作了考察,从而获得了较佳的工艺条件。     

二乙酰乙二胺合成工艺研究

以乙二胺和乙酸为原料制备二乙酰乙二胺,综合考虑了催化剂、物料配比、反应时间和反应温度等因素对反应收率、产品品质的影响。优化了二乙酰乙二胺的合成工艺,不仅提高了产品收率,而且大大降低了产品中副产物的生成,有利于下游产品低温漂白活化剂四乙酰乙二胺的合成。     

杂多酸催化剂合成漂白活化剂TAED

探讨了以乙二胺、乙酸、和乙酸酐作为原料，采用两步法在杂多酸（HSiW)催化剂作用下制备活性漂白剂四乙酰乙二胺（TAED）的合成工艺条件。得出两步法的最佳条件是：乙二胺：乙酸（物质的量）＝1：2．5，反应温度约120℃，反应时间1．5h；乙二胺：乙酸酐（物质的量）＝1：4，反应温度为140℃，反应时间4h。TAED的产率与杂多酸催化剂性能的好坏有较紧密的关系。     

四乙酰乙二胺对过硼酸钠活化作用的研究

研究了四乙酰乙二胺（TAED）对过硼酸钠（SPB）在低温下释氧和漂白的活化作用及影响因素，对特种污布进行了漂白试验。结果表明：由于TAED的存在，SPB可在40℃-60℃内很好地发挥漂白活性。     

合成反应与精馏过程耦合制备四乙酰乙二胺

采用精馏过程与合成反应耦合技术生产四乙酰乙二胺 ,并研究了物料比、反应温度和时间对产率的影响。结果显示最佳工艺条件为 :n(乙二胺 )∶n(乙酸 )∶n(乙酐 ) =1∶2 .5∶6 ,第一步在 1 2 0℃下反应 3h ,第二步在 1 4 0℃下反应 6h。控制合适的精馏回流比 ,总收率可达 79%。     

漂白活化剂四乙酰乙二胺的制备

以乙二胺、乙酸和乙酸酐为原料，采用两步同釜连续制备工艺，制备漂白活化剂四乙酰乙二胺（ＴＡＥＤ），产率达７５％。     

漂白活化剂四乙酰乙二胺的制备

本文论述了以乙二胺、乙酸和乙酸酐为原料，采用两步同釜连续制备工艺，分别在１２０℃和１４０℃温度下，制备漂白活化剂四乙酰乙二胺（ＴＡＥＤ）的方法     

漂白活化剂制备的研究

介绍了近10年来漂白活化剂制备的进展。漂白活化刑是含有氧或氮酰基团的化合物，可与强亲核过氧酸反应产生过乙酸，从而提高漂白效果。它广泛用于织物、硬质表面和餐具的洗涤。介绍了漂白活化剂烷酰氧苯甲酸可由对(间)经基苯甲酸与各类酰化剂(从脂肪酸、酰氯、酸酐中选取)反应制备。此外，还介绍了胺类、糖类等化合物与酰化剂反应合成漂白活化剂。     

蒎酮酰芳胺衍生物的合成

以α-蒎烯为原料、高锰酸钾为氧化剂合成了2-(3-乙酰基-2,2-二甲基环丁基)乙酸(即蒎酮酸).蒎酮酸与氯化亚砜反应生成酰氯,再与取代芳胺反应生成了8种可能具有生物活性的蒎酮酰芳胺衍生物,探讨了反应条件,并对产物进行了结构鉴定.     

TAED在美市场潜力很大

尽管漂白活性剂TAED(四乙酰基乙二胺)目前市场很小,但美国Warwick International有限公司对其仍有兴趣,并期望有良好的前景。英国Warwick公司是世界上主要的活性剂生产厂,它的产品以活化过硼酸钠漂白剂被用于近90％的欧洲洗衣粉中。     

Cold pad–batch bleaching of cotton fabrics with a TAED/H2O2 activating system

The cold pad–batch bleaching of cotton fabrics using a tetra acetyl ethylene diamine/hydrogen peroxide (TAED/H₂O₂) activating system is investigated in this study. The effects of key bleaching parameters (hydrogen peroxide dosage, sodium hydroxide dosage, TAED/H₂O₂ mol ratio and batch time) on the bleaching efficiency were investigated by single‐factor analysis and orthogonal experiment analysis. The performance of the activator TAED in the cold pad–batch process was examined and the activating mechanism is discussed. The optimised bleaching recipe and processing conditions are reported, and the optimal activated bleaching process is also compared with a conventional cold pad–batch bleaching process. The results show that the optimised TAED/H₂O₂ activated bleaching system could achieve high quality cotton bleaching with comparable fabric whiteness to the conventional system at much shorter batch times, and with significantly reduced fabric strength loss and decreased alkali consumption, which would be beneficial to sustained development of the textile wet‐processing industry.     

过碳酸钠洗涤性能和稳定性能影响因素的研究

过碳酸钠 (PC)是一种碳酸钠与过氧化氢的络合物 ,其特点是对环境无污染。作者以洗涤剂中含有过碳酸钠为前提 ,从洗涤剂最常见的原料对PC的活性与稳定性能的影响方面进行了研究 ,通过实验证明Na2 CO3 、Na2 SO4 、十二烷基苯磺酸钠 (LAS)、三聚磷酸钠 (STPP)、MgSO4 、Na2 SiO3 、四乙酰乙二胺 (TAED)对PC的活性和稳定性都有影响。发现Na2 CO3 对过碳酸钠漂白的促进作用在过碳酸钠质量浓度低的时候尤其明显 ;随着Na2 SO4 、LAS用量的增加 ,白度值上升 ,在达到一定值后白度下降 ;而STPP恰恰相反 ,质量浓度增大 ,白度增大 ,当STPP质量浓度达到一定值时 ,作用反而更显著 ;MgSO4 很敏感 ,在窄区间有一峰值 ;Na2 SiO3 的用量在 2 5 %以内时 ,白度升高的趋势很强 ;TAED对PC起活化作用且和温度有关。最后设计出一个配方与标准粉比较去污比值是 2 2 1。     

微波辐射与助剂对纸浆漂白的活化作用研究

在碱性麦草浆过氧化氢漂白过程中，利用微波加热，对漂白效果与进程都具有一定意义。另外，酰胺助剂TAED的加入，对双氧水漂白具有明显的改善作用，影响其漂白效果的因素有：TAED与双氧水的摩尔比，温度，时间，pH值及双氧水的用量。在一定限度下，漂浆的白度随这些因素的增加而提高。与此同时可降低漂白温度，缩短漂白时间，这就意味着可以减少能耗。降低生产成本。     

Synthesis of novel bleaching catalyst containing macrocyclic manganese complexes and potential applications in laundry detergent

A bleaching catalyst based on manganese complexes, consisting of meso-5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and racemic-5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane ligands, was synthesized and applied at 25°C to cotton fabrics stained with tea, coffee, curry, and sugar beet to examine the bleaching properties. The bleaching performance of this novel catalyst was higher than that of the conventional activator, tetraacetyl ethylenediamine (TAED). Dye and fabric damage were also examined for six differently dyed test fabrics under stressed conditions over 30 wash cycles. The dye damage induced by the catalyst was significantly less than that induced by TAED in direct black 22, reactive blue 225, reactive red 158, and sulfur blue 19. Tensile strength loss measurement, which represents fabric damage, showed less damage for the catalyst in direct black 22, direct blue 71, reactive red 158, and sulfur blue 19. The results indicate that this new bleaching catalyst could potentially be employed for low-temperature bleaching.     

Bleach activation of thermomechanical pulp

Under mild alkaline condition the bleaching activator tetraacetyl ethylenediamine (TAED) forms peroxyacetic acid with sodium perborate and improves the brightness of thermomechanical pulp. The activator makes it possible to bleach the pulp efficiently even without addition of sodium hydroxide at any temperature in the range 40 to 70°C. A mathematical model has been proposed to allow estimation of the total peroxy acid consumption during activated bleaching process. Using this model it is possible to calculate the extent of peroxy acid decomposition by predetermining the rate constant and activation energy. The effect of bleach activation was found to be maximum at temperatures below 60°C. The influences of bleaching time, pH, consistency, temperature and TAED charge on the bleach activation has been evaluated. The activator is effective enough to improve the brightness of sodium perborate bleached pulp at an average charge of about 50 mass% of sodium perborate. Apparently, high consistency dispersive bleaching without free alkali is a technological and economic advantage of the process.     

Novel bleach activator compounds derived from the reaction of isocyanic acid with selected nucleophiles

Laundry detergents commonly contain bleach activators that react with the perhydroxy anion produced from perborate or percarbonate anions to form activated peroxy compounds; these enhance bleaching and stain removal capacity especially at lower temperatures, hydrogen peroxide being an inefficient bleach below 60°C. The most commonly used activators are N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) and sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulphonate (SNOBS) the former being used across Europe whereas the latter is used widely in the United States and Japan. This research studies the preparation of novel activator compounds which are carbamylated derivatives of selected nucleophiles using either solid or aqueous reactions of nucleophilic carboxylate anions with the highly reactive isocyanic acid entity derived from the acidification of sodium cyanate. The novel activator compounds were then assessed as bleach activators by testing against tea and bilberry-stained cotton reference fabrics at 40°C in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at pH values ranging from 4 to 10; bleaching efficiency was assessed visually and colorimetrically. Results showed that all of the synthesised compounds were more effective bleach activators across the pH range tested than the standard TAED system.     

Bleaching Activators as Acylating Agents kinetics of the acetylation of piperidine by some bleaching activators

The bleaching activators 1,5-diacetyl 2,4-dioxo-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), tetraacetyl ethylenediamine (TAED), tetraacetyl glycolurile (TAGU), N,N′-diacetyl N,N′-dimethyl urea (DDU) and pentaacetyl glucose (PAG) are efficient acetylating agents which convert primary and secondary amines into their N-acetyl derivatives. The rates of the reactions of the bleaching activators mentioned with piperidine were determined in the temperature range 20 to 90°C using dioxane as the solvent. The kinetic constants can be regarded as rough measures of the activity of the bleaching activators.     

珍珠漂白机理研究

报导了珍珠漂白的配方及工艺条件。根据珍珠的组成、结构以及处理的工艺方法,对珍珠水煮、漂白的机理进行了分析研究。     

pH值变化对珍珠漂白的影响

研究了九种海水珍珠水系漂白液在使用过程中ｐＨ值的变化情况及影响因素，阐述了ｐＨ值变化原因及规律，探讨了ｐＨ值变化对珍珠漂白质量的影响。