甲醇气相法联产氯代甲烷工艺特点

论述了甲醇气相催化法生产一氯甲烷以及一氯甲烷液相催化法生产二氯甲烷、氯仿和四氯化碳的工艺特点。     

甲醇氢氯化技术

一、概况 1874年,C·Groves首次用甲醇和氯化氢在氯化锌存在下反应制得一氯甲烷,但这个反应直到本世纪二十年代人们成功地开发出一氧化碳和氢在高压下合成为甲醇的工艺后才变得更富有实际意义。七十年代以来,以甲醇为原料制备一氯甲烷进     

甲醇氯化铵法合成氯甲烷催化剂

采用等体积浸渍法,分别以Zn(NO3)2,Ni(CH3COO)2,Zn(CH3COO)2,Ni(NO3)2和ZnCl2作为负载物制备了活性炭载体金属基催化剂,在自制的常压连续流动固定床反应器中,以氯化氢和甲醇为原料,在氨环境下模拟氯化铵与甲醇反应考察了不同催化剂在合成氯甲烷中的催化性能.结果表明,以活性炭为载体制备的氯化锌催化剂,在温度290～350℃,氯化氢和甲醇物质的量之比为1∶1和空速300 min-1的条件下,甲醇转化率、氯甲 烷选择性和收率较高,氯甲烷收率达到66％以上.催化剂性能稳定,且有较长的使用寿命.     

甲醇液相法生产甲烷氯化物中搪瓷反应釜的使用技术

甲醇液相法生产氯甲烷装置的核心设备是搪瓷反应釜。我厂自1991年3月氯甲烷试车开始,搪瓷反应釜一直存在使用寿命短的问题。经过两年的实践摸索,不断改进,从搪瓷反应釜的安装开始,直到投入稳定运行,已使搪瓷反应釜的使用寿命大大提高。总结我厂两年来使用搪瓷反应釜的情况,可分为三个阶段:     

甲醇法甲烷氯化物引进装置情况介绍

一、概述我公司从日本德山曹达公司(TOKUYAMA SODA CO.LTD)引进年产甲烷氯化物3万吨的生产装置,其中氯仿1.6万吨,四氯化碳1.4万吨。利用公司现有的甲醇作原料,采用德山曹达公司的工艺技术,尤其是低温液相催化氯化技术,来生产高质量的甲烷氯化物产品(见附件)。项目预计1993年7月建成投产。     

氯代苯酐的合成

介绍由邻二甲苯氯代,再经空气氯化及异构体分离合成氯代苯酐中试规模的合成路线。氯化中采用现行商品苯酐氧化的固定床催化剂催化氧化,并采用45块理论塔板的分离得到纯度大于98％的3－氯代苯酐和4－氯代苯酐。     

氯甲烷收率低的原因探析

介绍了氯甲烷生产中收率低的原因,并对如何提高氯甲烷收率提出了一些对策。     

万吨级氯甲烷生产装置技术改造

通过对气—液相甲醇氯氢化法生产氯甲烷的反应动力学及冷模试验的研究分析,确定氯甲烷合成的工艺参数,同时采用了先进的产品精制及冷凝技术,使氯甲烷生产水平产生了质的飞跃。     

甲醇裂解制氢工艺与优势分析

甲醇裂解制氢在石化、冶金、化工、医药、电子等行业的应用已经很广泛.浮法玻璃行业为了有效降低制氢成本和投资目前多用氨分解制氢来替代水电解制氢,而甲醇裂解制氢工艺由于其所产氢气质量、制氢成本优势正逐渐被玻璃行业所认识.     

液氯质量对石蜡氯化反应终点的影响及解决办法

分析了液氯质量引起连续法氯化石蜡生产中石蜡氯化反应达不到终点的原因,介绍了改造后的氯干燥及液氯生产工艺。     

液氯罐区、包装区氯气泄漏处理的技改方案

介绍了中小型氯碱企业对现有装置氯气泄漏的处理方法,提出了技改方案,设计了1种事故氯喷淋装置,有效地预防了氯气的泄漏。     

Kinetics of reactions between chlorine or bromine and the herbicides diuron and isoproturon

The chemical oxidation of two herbicide derivatives of the phenylurea group—diuron and isoproturon—has been carried out by means of chlorine, in the absence and in the presence of bromide ion. Apparent second‐order rate constants for the reactions between chlorine and the herbicides were determined to be below 0.45 L mol^?1 s^?1. Hypobromous acid reacts faster with the investigated herbicides, especially with isoproturon (k_app = 24.8 L mol^?1 s^?1 at pH 7). While pH exerts a negative effect on the bromination rate, the maximum chlorination rate was found to be at circumneutral pH. In a second stage, the oxidation of each compound was conducted in different natural waters, in order to simulate the processes which take place in water purification plants. Again, chlorine was used as an oxidant, and bromide ion was added in some experiments with the aim of producing the more reactive HOBr oxidant. The herbicide oxidation rate was inversely proportional to the organic matter content of the natural water. However, the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) was directly proportional to the organic matter content and constitutes a limitation for the application of chlorine during drinking water treatment. Finally, the evolution of herbicide concentration was modeled and predicted by applying a kinetics approach based on the rate constants for the reactions between the herbicides and the active oxidants. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

二氧化氯在水质处理中的优越性

二氧化氯作为氧化剂,氧化后产物中无氯代有机副产物;作为消毒剂,它有很好的杀菌、除臭、保鲜功能,比氯气更适于水质处理。１　自来水消毒方面最新的研究结果发现,用氯气处理自来水时,水中会产生致癌物三卤甲烷（ＴＨＭ）。用二氧化氯处理自来水,则水中几乎不产生这样的有害物质。Ｌｙｋｉｎ等对美国俄亥俄河水用二氧化氯和氯气分别处理,剂量为３～７ｍｇ／Ｌ,放置３天,用二氧化氯处理的余氯为１．９ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＴＨＭ的生成量只有１．４μｇ／Ｌ。在现场试验中,加二氧化氯０．６～１．４ｍｇ／Ｌ（平均１．２ｍｇ／Ｌ）,供水网中…     

The chlorination and chlorine resistance modification of composite polyamide membrane

Membrane‐based separation technology is one of the most active separation technologies being employed in water treatment. Polyamides (PA) are widely used membrane materials because they exhibit excellent performance, such as high flux with high salt rejection, and enhanced stability against wide range of pH and temperature. Unfortunately, PA membranes exhibit extremely poor resistance to chlorine leading to increased operation costs and decreased membrane lifetime. In this study, we find new ways for prolonging membrane lifetime and reducing the operating costs by investigating the chlorination and modification of PA membranes. Varying concentrations of hypochlorite were used to chlorinate a commercial reverse osmosis membrane (BW‐30, DOW). The results showed that short‐time exposure to high concentrations of hypochlorite could cause more serious problems to membranes than long‐time exposure to low concentrations under the similar total exposure. The performance of the chlorinated membranes was recovered to some extent after treatment with NaOH solution (pH 10), indicating that the alkali treatment could initiate the reversible regeneration of chlorinated membranes. Furthermore, an industrial grade epoxy resin was used to modify the membranes to enhance the chlorine resistance via the reaction between the amide nitrogen and epoxy bond. The successful modifications were confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Moreover, the chlorination tests showed that the modifications performed in these experiments enhanced the chlorine resistance of the membranes, especially for the membranes exposed to low concentration of chlorine. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41584.     

国内外甲烷氯化物工业状况及其差距

通过可靠的资料,了国内外甲烷氯化物生产及需求状况、发展趋势;并以详实的数据理论述了国内甲烷氯化物工业在原料路线、工业技术、产品标准等方面与国外先进水平的差距。     

甲醇燃料的研究进展与展望

随着化石资源的不断枯竭,能源消费将逐步向可再生能源时期发展.甲醇燃料不仅可以替代汽柴油作为内燃机燃料,而且也可以作为燃料电池等燃料或新型C1化工原料;不仅可以由化石能源生产,而且也可以由可再生能源生产:不仅具有高效、清洁燃料的特征,而且具有生产技术成熟、原料来源丰富的特点,能够实现可持续发展.甲醇燃料是理想的能源载体,在化石能源和可再生能源时期均可发展应用,特别是对于以煤为主要能源的中国,在由化石能源向可再生能源时期过渡的阶段,选择甲醇燃料为发展方向,意义将十分重大.     

甲醇的生产工艺及需求预测

详细论述了国内外甲醇生产工艺和生产现状，分析了市场情况及发展前景，并对我国甲醇工业的发展提出了建议。     

气液氯化反应填料塔的设计模型

将短湿壁管中的液膜面积和气体所通过的有效通道体积分别视作填料塔内有效传质面积和空隙体积,从短湿壁管测得的氯气与丙酮反应的气相传质关联式导出全新的且较为可靠的气液氯化反应填料塔的设计模型。其计算值与实际运行结果的最大相对误差仅为3.56%。