一种新型的膜材料—聚酰亚胺

介绍了新型膜材料聚酰亚胺的发展历史及其特性；从３个方面阐述了其作为分离膜的研究进展。从聚酰亚胺膜耐高温、耐腐蚀及选择性好的特点出发，对其在气体分离和渗透蒸发应用前景作了展望。     

等离子体聚合制备渗透汽化膜的研究现状及趋势

本文就等离子体聚合技术在制备渗透汽化分离膜中的应用，特别对制备乙醇－水体系分离膜进行了介绍。     

渗透汽化有机膜分离异构体混合物的研究进展

综述了近年来用于异构体渗透汽化分离的有机高分子膜研究情况及最新进展,重点评述了各种膜材料的结构特点,改性原理以及在异构体分离方面的优点和不足.最后对用于异构体渗透汽化分离的有机膜研究进行了总结,并对其发展方向进行了展望.     

渗透蒸发的原理和应用（下）

本文介绍一种新的膜分离技术－渗透蒸发的原理和特点，及操作条件对分离性质的影响，并对其关键构件和设备即渗蒸发膜和渗透池作了专门叙述，结合具体实例从有机溶剂的脱水及水溶液中回收有机溶剂两个方面介绍了该技术在工业上应用的效果。     

壳聚糖基分离膜的研究进展与开发

本文综述了近年来壳聚糖分离膜应用及研究的发展情况,情况着介绍超滤膜,渗透气化膜的制轩及应用,以及智能响应分离膜的研究进展。     

渗透汽化膜的制备及其应用进展

渗透汽化（pervaportion, PV）作为一种新颖的分离技术在工业范围内得以应用,至关重要的是它在恒沸混合物、近沸混合物分离方面的显著优势。相比分馏、精馏、萃取等传统分离方法,渗透汽化技术具有经济、高效、便于管理的优点,但目前缺少优质的渗透汽化膜材料和先进的膜制备方法。本文综述了近年来渗透汽化技术以及渗透汽化膜的研究现状,首先介绍了PV技术的分离机理、PV膜的制备方法、PV技术在工业上的应用领域等,并重点讨论了料液温度、料液浓度、料液流速、膜上下游蒸汽压差、膜材料等关键因素对渗透汽化分离性能的影响。文中提出未来渗透汽化技术应在膜材料方面积极探索,选用聚合物为材料,并结合先进的膜制备方法来进一步降低膜的厚度,从而明显地提高膜渗透通量。     

渗透气化膜分离技术在乙醇-水体系中的应用

渗透气化是一种新型的膜分离技术,因其具有独特的优势已被广泛应用于乙醇-水的分离.从渗透气化的原理和特点出发,介绍了渗透气化膜材料以及渗透气化与精馏、化学反应耦合等技术,并概述了国内外渗透气化膜分离技术在乙醇-水分离中的应用现状.     

渗透汽化膜处理VOCs废水研究进展

本文着重介绍了渗透汽化分离技术的基本原理,分离膜材料的最新研究进展及影响渗透汽化分离操作的影响因素。最后对渗透汽化分离技术的工业应用提出了自己的见解。     

聚氨酯渗透汽化膜的研究进展

聚氨酯膜材料具有良好的选择性、渗透性和力学性能等,近年来在渗透汽化领域倍受关注。本文综述了用于渗透汽化分离的聚氨酯及其改性膜的研究情况及最新进展,重点评述了以聚丁二烯、聚酯和聚醚为软段的PU渗透汽化膜材料结构特点、合成方法、分离性能,以及共混、填充和接枝3种改性方法的反应原理,改性思路、对PU膜分子结构和分离性能的影响等;同时分析了不同材料和改性方法在渗透汽化膜分离方面的优点和不足。在此基础上,对用于渗透汽化分离的聚氨酯膜材料发展方向和研究前景进行了展望。     

分离有机物水溶液的渗透汽化与汽化渗透膜

该文基于４５篇最新文献，较详细地论述了渗透汽化膜与汽化渗透膜的有机物水溶液分离性能及其影响因素，包括高聚物特征，料液浓度，温度，古游侧压力，膜厚度和操作时间，指出用多数高聚物膜进行渗透汽化操作可以有效地分离多数有机醇，酮，酸，酯，酰胺以及二Ｅ烷，乙腈，吡啶，二甲亚砜和四氢呋喃水溶液；而以壳聚糖及其衍生物膜进行汽化渗透操作则具有更高的分离系数。该文还简要介绍了渗透汽化膜的新应用。为渗透汽化与汽化渗透     

渗透蒸发的原理和应用（上）

本文介绍一种新的膜分离技术－渗透蒸发的原理和特点，及操作条件对分离性质的影响，并对其关键构件和设备即渗透发膜和渗透池作了专门叙述，结合具体实例从有机溶剂的脱水及水溶液中回收有机溶剂两个方面介绍了该技术在工业上应用的效果。     

Mathematical model for swelling in a liquid emulsion membrane system

Application of the liquid emulsion membrane (LEM) technology to the industrial scale is hindered by the challenges imposed by stability of the emulsion during the transfer of the solute (pertraction). One of the important factors which leads to the instability is swelling. Emulsion undergoes swelling due to the osmotic gradient across the membrane as well as due to the occlusion of the external phase into the membrane phase; the latter is caused by the hydrodynamic deformation of the membrane globules. In the present work, we have studied swelling of the emulsion phase in a water-in-oil-in-water type LEM system. Nitric acid is the internal aqueous phase and is encapsulated in organic membrane phase composed of DEHPA–kerosene-SPAN80. Demineralised water is used as the external phase. The effect of the composition of the system and the hydrodynamic condition on the rate of swelling has been studied. A mathematical model has been developed to describe the effects of the relevant parameters on swelling of the emulsion. The globules of the emulsion are viewed as having a core-shell structure, based on the visual evidence. The model takes into account both the osmotic and the occlusion modes of swelling and also the leakage of the internal phase. The predictions of the model are found to be in good agreement with the experiments. The model would be useful for evaluating the rate of pertraction of a solute through the membrane–strip combination used in the present study. The study would also be useful for tuning the design and the operating parameters in LEM pertraction to achieve minimum swelling of the emulsion.     

膜分离技术处理大豆乳清废水

对用膜分离技术处理大豆乳清废水处理进行了研究,结果表明：废水经截留分子量为8000的超滤膜,可回收几乎所有的蛋白质,对美国Desal公司生产的三种纳滤膜进行了评价,选择了一种可部分脱除蔗糖和单糖的纳滤地超滤透过液进行了浓缩,大豆低聚糖中功能性成分水苏糖和棉子糖的回收率超过90％,纳滤透过液经反渗透处理,可回收大量纯水,采用本工艺处理大豆乳清废水,可大大降低排放量,且可获得较大的经济效益。     

Treatment of Prehydrolysis Liquor from Pulp Mill using a Biological Route Followed by Reverse Osmosis

A new method, comprised of a biological treatment followed by membrane separation, has been suggested for the treatment of spent prehydrolysis liquor (PHL) from a rayon grade pulp mill. First, the PHL was treated biologically using the torula utilis strain for the conversion of sugar into yeast. Reductions of 57 % in the amount of total reducing sugar (TRS) and about 46 % in COD were achieved in the biological treatment step. A “shifting order type” rate equation, where the order shifts from (m–n) at high concentrations to m at lower concentrations, was found to predict the total reducing sugar with high accuracy. An ultracentrifuge was used to separate out the yeast formed during the biological treatment. The clarified biologically treated liquor was subjected to reverse osmosis (RO) to remove all the remaining solutes. The permeate obtained was observed to be of disposable/reusable grade (negligible COD and less than 0.9 mg/L sugar). An attempt was made to predict the permeate flux during reverse osmosis (RO) using an osmotic pressure model. Modified osmotic pressure and concentration polarization models were utilized for the estimation of the osmotic pressure of different concentrations of the PHL's solute constituents. Three different concentration parameters (TRS, COD, and Brix) were chosen to estimate the osmotic pressures. The prediction of the permeate flux by the combination of these models was found to be in good agreement with experimental flux values.     

ULTRAPURIFICATION AND RECYCLING OF HYDROFLUORIC ACID ETCHING SOLUTIONS BY REVERSE OSMOSIS: MEMBRANE PERFORMANCE AND MULTICOMPONENT REJECTION

Complex multicomponent hydrofluoric acid (HF∥ etching solutions are studied here to determine the degree of ultrapurification that can be achieved by membrane separation. Interactions among the components in the solution and the rates of permeation and rejection of the various components were measured for membranes which have the ability to resist attack by corrosive etching solutions. Because hydrofluoric acid has a low ionization constant, it can be purified by membrane systems. Several commercially available membranes were found to perform satisfactorily, even after exposure for extended periods of time to concentrated HF etching solutions

With ternary solutions (HF-fluosilicic acid- water) membranes also can significantly reject fluosilicic acid (FSA), the principal impurity in HF etching solutions, while HF permeates almost 100% through the membrane

Furthermore, membranes significantly reject the trace metallic impurities present in HF etching solutions. Thus, ultrapure HF can be generated by recycling, and our method is expected to have potential for commercial development with applications to a variety of industries.     

国内外海水反渗透膜技术发展现状

综述了国内外海水反渗透淡化膜所经历的3个发展阶段,对反渗透膜组件、材料发展状况进行了总结。还综述了目前新型无机、无机杂化以及有机复合反渗透海水淡化膜材料、性能的研究进展,介绍了代表未来反渗透膜发展方向的碳纳米管、分子筛、石墨烯等无机纳米粒子在反渗透海水淡化膜中的应用,总结了反渗透膜市场主流国内外厂家,简要介绍了我国“十二·五”期间海水淡化专项科技规划,并对反渗透膜技术未来发展进行了展望。     

渗透蒸发在挥发性有机污水处理中的应用

介绍了渗稼蒸发在挥发性有机污水处理中的应用,以及全硅沸石填充硅橡胶膜从有机水溶液中回收酯类化合物的特性。     

反渗透技术在废水处理中应用的研究进展

反渗透技术是一种高效、易操作的液体分离技术,同传统的废水处理方法相比具有处理效果好,可实现废水的循环利用和对有用物质回收等优点。文章简要介绍了反渗透技术的基本原理,重点介绍了反渗透技术在垃圾渗滤液、矿区污水、钢铁工业废水、电厂废水处理中的应用研究进展状况。并讨论了反渗透膜技术的预处理、反渗透膜污染及清洗和反渗透技术的发展前景。     

从第10届世界过滤大会看国外膜过滤技术的最新研究进展

根据第10届世界过滤大会的论文报告,从膜材料及膜组件的制备技术、新的膜过程与膜集成工艺、膜污染与膜清洗技术、膜过滤技术在各种水处理中的应用以及陶瓷膜和无机膜的应用等几个方面讨论了国外膜过滤技术的最新研究进展。