Observer-based adaptive neural dynamic surface control for a class of non-strict-feedback stochastic nonlinear systems

The problem of adaptive output feedback stabilisation is addressed for a more general class of non-strict-feedback stochastic nonlinear systems in this paper. The neural network (NN) approximation and the variable separation technique are utilised to deal with the unknown subsystem functions with the whole states. Based on the design of a simple input-driven observer, an adaptive NN output feedback controller which contains only one parameter to be updated is developed for such systems by using the dynamic surface control method. The proposed control scheme ensures that all signals in the closed-loop systems are bounded in probability and the error signals remain semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded in fourth moment (or mean square). Two simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control design.     

基于神经网络的不确定随机非线性时滞系统自适应有界镇定

针对一类不确定严格反馈随机非线性时滞系统的自适应有界镇定问题,利用神经网络参数化和Backstepping方法,提出一种新的且含较少学习参数的神经网络自适应控制策略,以保证系统半全局随机有界.稳定性分析证明闭环系统的所有误差信号概率意义下有界.仿真结果表明所提出控制器设计方法的有效性.     

Robust implicit self-tuning regulator: Convergence and stability

A family of implicit self-tuning regulators (STR) is presented, based on Lyapunov analysis techniques for the control of a class of multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) dynamical systems. Linearity in the parameters is assumed to hold, but the ‘estimation error’ is considered to be nonzero; this allows control of a larger class of systems and also has the effect of producing a robust controller. Moreover, the certainty equivalence (CE) principle is not used in the STR design, overcoming a major problem in adaptive control. The structure of the STR is naturally derived using a tracking error/passivity approach. The role of persistency of excitation (PE) is explored, and is used to show the boundedness of parameter estimates when gradient-based parameter tuning of STR is performed in nonideal conditions. New on-line tuning algorithms for implicit STR are derived that are similar to the -modification approach for the case of continuous-time systems and that include a modification to the adaptation gain and a correction term to the standard gradient-based tuning. These improved parameter tuning algorithms guarantee tracking as well as bounded parameter estimates in nonideal situations, so that PE is not needed. The notions of a passive STR, a dissipative STR and a robust STR are introduced. Finally, this paper provides a comprehensive theory in the development of identification, prediction and adaptive control schemes for discrete-time systems based on Lyapunov analysis.     

Robust adaptive control of uncertain non-linear systems using neural networks

This paper presents a robust adaptive output feedback control design method for uncertain non-affine non-linear systems, which does not rely on state estimation. The approach is applicable to systems with unknown but bounded dimensions and with known relative degree. A neural network is employed to approximate the unknown modelling error. In fact, a neural network is considered to approximate and adaptively make ineffective unknown plant non-linearities. An adaptive law for the weights in the hidden layer and the output layer of the neural network are also established so that the entire closed-loop system is stable in the sense of Lyapunov. Moreover, the robustness of the system against the approximation error of neural network is achieved with the aid of an additional adaptive robustifying control term. In addition, the tracking error is guaranteed to be uniformly and asymptotically stable, rather than uniformly ultimately bounded, by using this additional control term. The proposed control algorithm is relatively straightforward and no restrictive conditions on the design parameters for achieving the systems stability are required. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is shown through simulations of a non-affine non-linear system with unmodelled dynamics, and is compared with a second-sliding mode controller.     

具有输入和输出约束的高阶随机系统神经网络控制

针对高阶非线性系统,开展自适应神经网络跟踪控制器设计,系统受到随机扰动的影响.首次把输入和输出约束问题引入到高阶系统的跟踪控制中,并假定系统动态是未知.首先借用高斯误差函数表达连续可微的非对称饱和模型以实现输入约束,和障碍Lyapunov函数保证系统输出受限;其次,针对高阶非线性系统,径向基函数(RBF)神经网络用来克服未知系统动态和随机扰动.在每一步的backstepping计算中,仅用到单一的自适应更新参数,从而克服了过参数问题;最后,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论提出自适应神经网络控制策略,并减少了学习参数.最终结果表明设计的控制器能保证所有闭环信号半全局最终一致有界,并能使跟踪误差收敛到零值小的邻域内.仿真研究进一步验证了提出方法的有效性.     

随机时变参数的随机逼近辨识及收敛性分析

本文讨论MIMO离散系统的随机时变参数基于随机逼近法的辨识问题。文中研究了参数估计和输出误差的收敛性并给出了初步的持续激励条件。在该条件下,证明了估计参数值和估计值与随机时变参数的统计均方差分别收敛于该随机时变参数的期望值和方差值。仿真结果表明了参数估计具有较好的收敛性与一致性。     

Adaptive Control of Piecewise Linear Systems with State Feedback for Output Tracking

A piecewise linear system consists of a set of linear time‐invariant (LTI) subsystems, with a switching sequence specifying an active subsystem at each time instant. This paper studies the adaptive control problem of single‐input, single‐output (SISO) piecewise linear systems. By employing the knowledge of the time instant indicator functions of system parameter switches, a new controller structure parametrization is proposed for the development of a stable adaptive control scheme with reduced modeling error in the estimation error signal used for parameter adaptive laws. This key feature is achieved by the new control scheme's ability to avoid a major parameter swapping term in the error model, with the help of indicator functions whose knowledge is available in many applications. A direct state feedback model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme is presented for such systems to achieve closed‐loop signal boundedness and small output tracking error in the mean square sense, under the usual slow system parameter switching condition. Simulation results on linearized NASA GTM models are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Adaptive tracking control for a class of random pure‐feedback nonlinear systems with Markovian switching

This note studies the tracking control problem for a class of random pure‐feedback nonlinear systems with Markovian switching and unknown parameters. An adaptive tracking controller is constructed by introducing an auxiliary integrator subsystem and using the improved backstepping method such that the closed‐loop system has a unique solution that is globally bounded in probability. Meanwhile, the tracking error can converge to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of zero via the parameter regulation technique. The efficiency of the tracking controller designed in this paper is demonstrated by simulation examples.     

Adaptive output feedback tracking control of stochastic nonlinear systems with dynamic uncertainties

In this paper, adaptive output feedback tracking control is developed for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with dynamic uncertainties and unmeasured states. Neural networks are used to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions. K‐filters are designed to estimate the unmeasured states. An available dynamic signal is introduced to dominate the unmodeled dynamics. By combining dynamic surface control technique with backstepping, the condition in which the approximation error is assumed to be bounded is avoided. Using It ô formula and Chebyshev's inequality, it is shown that all signals in the closed‐loop system are bounded in probability, and the error signals are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded in mean square or the sense of four‐moment. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive control of linear time-varying systems

Single-input single-output uncertain linear time-varying systems are considered, which are affected by unknown bounded additive disturbances; the uncertain time-varying parameters are required to be smooth and bounded but are neither required to be sufficiently slow nor to have known bounds. The output, which is the only measured variable, is required to track a given smooth bounded reference trajectory. The undisturbed system is assumed to be minimum-phase and to have known and constant relative degree, known sign of the ‘high frequency gain’, known upper bound on the system order. An adaptive output feedback control algorithm is designed which assures: (i) boundedness of all closed-loop signals; (ii) arbitrarily improved transient performance of the tracking error; (iii) asymptotically vanishing tracking error when parameter time derivatives are L₁ signals and disturbances are L₂ signals.     

Neural Network-based Adaptive State-feedback Control for High-order Stochastic Nonlinear Systems

This paper focuses on investigating the issue of adaptive state-feedback control based on neural networks(NNs)for a class of high-order stochastic uncertain systems with unknown nonlinearities. By introducing the radial basis function neural network(RBFNN) approximation method, utilizing the backstepping method and choosing an approximate Lyapunov function, we construct an adaptive state-feedback controller which assures the closed-loop system to be mean square semi-global-uniformly ultimately bounded(M-SGUUB). A simulation example is shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the design scheme.     

一类非线性系统的积分变结构模糊自适应跟踪控制

针对一类具有未知常数控制增益的不确定非线性系统,基于变结构控制原理,并利用具有非线性可调参数的模糊系统逼近等价控制,提出一种具有监督控制器的积分变结构模糊自适应跟踪控制策略.该策略通过监督控制器保证闭环系统所有信号有界.进一步,通过引入最优逼近误差的自适应补偿项来消除建模误差的影响.理论分析证明了跟踪误差能够收敛到零.仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

基于后推设计的直接自适应模糊控制

针对一类严格反馈不确定非线性动态系统，提出一种直接鲁棒自适应模糊控制新方案．利用模糊系统的逼近能力、后推设计方法和积分型李亚普诺夫函数，依次确定各虚拟控制及模糊系统中可调参数的自适应律，并最终确定出控制律．为改善控制系统的性能，引入逼近误差的自适应补偿项．通过李亚普诺夫方法，证明了闭环系统是一致终结有界的．仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

Predefined-time control for Euler–Lagrange systems with model uncertainties and actuator faults

A novel adaptive predefined-time tracking control algorithm is proposed for the Euler–Lagrange systems (ELSs) with model uncertainties and actuator faults. Compared with traditional finite-time and fixed-time studies, the system output tracking error under the proposed predefined-time controller converges to a small neighborhood of zero in finite time, whose upper bound is exactly a design parameter in the control algorithm. For the uncertain model, radial-based function neural network (RBFNN) is utilized to approximate the continuous uncertain dynamics. To deal with the actuator faults, an adaptive control law is involved in the fault-tolerant controller. In order to achieve the predefined-time bounded, a novel predefined-time sliding mode surface is designed. It is proved that the tracking error vector trajectory of closed-loop system is semi-globally uniformly ultimately predefined-time bounded, and the upper bounds of both the system settling time and the corresponding output tracking error can be adjusted with a simple parameter. Simulation examples finally demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.     

ROBUST ADAPTIVE CONTROL FOR STRICT‐FEEDBACK NONLINEAR SYSTEMS

In this paper, we propose a robust adaptive tracking control based on the backstepping strategy for strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with nonparametric uncertain nonlinearities. It is shown that one can design a stable adaptive control system provided that the uncertain nonlinearities can be decomposed by unknown bounded nonlinear functions and known nonlinear functions. The proposed method can deal with uncertain nonlinearities that appear at the control input term too. It is also shown that suitable choice of design parameters guarantees the convergence of tracking error to any desired bound.     

具有模糊监督控制器的积分变结构间接自适应控制

针对一类不确定非线性系统, 基于变结构控制原理, 并利用具有非线性可调参数的模糊系统去逼近过程未知函数, 提出一种具有模糊监督控制器的积分变结构间接自适应控制方案. 该方案通过监督控制器保证闭环系统所有信号有界. 进一步, 通过引入最优逼近误差的自适应补偿项来消除建模误差的影响. 理论分析证明了跟踪误差收敛到零. 仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

间接自适应模糊控制器的设计与分析

针对一类不确定非线性系统,基于王立新1994年提出的监督控制方案并利用Ⅱ型模 糊系统的逼近能力,提出了一种间接自适应模糊控制器设计的新方案.该方案通过引入最优逼 近误差的自适应补偿项来消除建模误差的影响,从而在稳定性分析中取消了要求逼近误差平 方可积或逼近误差上确界已知的条件.理论分析证明了闭环控制系统是全局稳定的,跟踪误差 收敛到零.仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

一类非线性系统的间接自适应模糊控制器的研究

研究一类不确定非线性系统的间适应模糊控制问题。基于Wang提出的监督控制方案，利用Ⅰ型模糊系统的逼近能力，提出一种自适应模糊控制器设计的新方案，该方案通过引入最优逼近误差的自适应补偿项来消除建模误差的影响，从而在稳定性分析中取消了要求逼近误差平方可积或逼近误差的上确界已知的条件，理论分析证明了闭环控制系统是全局稳定的，跟踪误差收敛到零，仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

时变系统遗忘因子最小二乘法的有界收敛性

利用随机过程理论研究了遗忘因子最小二乘法 (FFLS)的有界收敛性, 给出了参数估计误差的上界. 分析表明: i)对于时不变确定性系统, FFLS算法产生的参数估计以指数速度收敛于真参数; ii)对于时不变随机系统, FFLS算法给出有界均方估计误差; iii)对于时变随机系统, FFLS算法可以跟踪时变参数, 且跟踪误差有界.     

Stable adaptive fuzzy control for MIMO nonlinear systems

In this paper, an indirect adaptive fuzzy control scheme is presented for a class of multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems whose dynamics are poorly understood. Within this scheme, fuzzy systems are employed to approximate the plant’s unknown dynamics. In order to overcome the controller singularity problem, the estimated gain matrix is decomposed into the product of one diagonal matrix and two orthogonal matrices, a robustifying control term is used to compensate for the lumped errors, and all parameter adaptive laws and robustifying control term are derived based on Lyapunov stability analysis. The proposed scheme guarantees that all the signals in the resulting closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Moreover, the tracking errors can be made small enough if the designed parameter is chosen to be sufficiently large. A simulation example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.