Antimicrobial Activity of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives

The worldwide development of antimicrobial resistance forces scientists to search for new compounds to which microbes would be sensitive. Many new structures contain the 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring, which have shown various antimicrobial activity, e.g., antibacterial, antitubercular, antifungal, antiprotozoal and antiviral. In many publications, the activity of new compounds exceeds the activity of already known antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents, so their potential as new drugs is very promising. The review of active antimicrobial 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives is based on the literature from 2015 to 2021.     

Chemo‐enzymatic synthesis of lipophilic ferulates and their evaluation for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities

An efficient chemo‐enzymatic synthesis of ferulic acid‐based structured lipids mimicking triacylglycerol with a pendant phenolic moiety was carried out for the first time. Initially, ferulic acid was reduced to coniferyl alcohol, followed by its esterification with fatty acids. The key step in the synthesis was dihydroxylation of the olefinic side chain of coniferyl ester, which was eventually esterified with fatty acids to generate phenolic structured lipids. Two such compounds of varying fatty acid chain lengths were synthesized in good yield. Structural confirmation of both compounds is based on IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and MS techniques. The synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Both compounds exhibited moderate to good antioxidant activity. The phenolic structured lipid with only shorter‐chain fatty acids showed antibacterial activity. Both compounds did not show any antifungal activity.     

具有生物活性的肟醚类化合物的研究进展

肟醚化合物具有优良的杀虫、杀菌及除草活性,不少品种还具有低毒、低残留等优点。目前该类化合物的分子设计和合成及生物活性研究是农药创制的热点之一。按照不同的结构和生物活性进行分类,概述了近年来肟醚类化合物的研究进展,并对它的发展趋势、应用前景作了进一步展望。     

噻吩杀虫剂的研究进展

噻吩类化合物主要分为α-衍生物和β-衍生物,其应用领域广泛,其中噻吩类化合物在农药方面就有很广泛的应用,主要用于杀菌和杀虫,外国的很多研究显示噻吩类化合物对蚊蝇类卵、鳞翅目昆虫、幼虫具有显著的光活化毒杀效应,鳞翅目幼虫的生长发育起到抑制作用。概述了被文献报道的具有杀虫活性的部分噻吩类化合物,并对其发展前景进行展望。     

取代酰肼类APN抑制剂的合成及初步活性测定

以对位取代苯甲酸与氨基酸酯生成酰胺,然后肼解、闭环得到嗯二唑酮,最后胺解得到目标化合物。合成的化合物经过IR、MS和H—NMR结构表征。这些化合物在体外对氨肽酶N显示了较好的抑制活性,可以作为先导化合物进行结构改造,为进一步研究APN抑制剂提供了新的方向。     

农药活性含硒化合物的研究概况

硒是人体必需的微量元素,在近几十年中,它已成为化学、生物学、医药学和环境科学等研究的热点。在农药方面对含硒化合物的研究较少。介绍了采用生物电子等排和活性基团拼合原理等合成的硒化合物及其农药活性,指出含硒化合物可能是农药开发的一个潜在的方向。     

From Structure–Activity to Structure–Selectivity Relationships: Quantitative Assessment,Selectivity Cliffs,and Key Compounds

The exploration of structure–activity relationships (SARs) in chemical lead optimization is mostly focused on activity against single targets. Because many active compounds have the potential to act against multiple targets, achieving a sufficient degree of target selectivity often becomes a major issue during optimization. Herein we report a data analysis approach to explore compound selectivity in a systematic and quantitative manner. Sets of compounds that are active against multiple targets provide a basis for exploring structure–selectivity relationships (SSRs). Compound similarity and selectivity data are analyzed with the aid of network‐like similarity graphs (NSGs), which organize molecular networks on the basis of similarity relationships and SAR index (SARI) values. For this purpose, the SARI framework has been adapted to quantify SSRs. Using sets of compounds with differential activity against four cathepsin thiol proteases, we show that SSRs can be quantitatively described and categorized. Furthermore, local SSR environments are identified, the analysis of which provides insight into compound selectivity determinants at the molecular level. These environments often contain “selectivity cliffs” formed by pairs or groups of similar compounds with significantly different selectivity. Moreover, key compounds are identified that determine characteristic features of single‐target SARs and dual‐target SSRs. The comparison of compounds involved in the formation of selectivity cliffs often reveals chemical modifications that render compounds target selective.     

4-酰基吡唑啉酮过渡金属配合物的合成、表征及生物活性研究

为了寻找更好的生物活性化合物,合成了两种4-酰基吡唑啉酮类过渡金属配合物,通过元素分析、红外光谱、差热-热重分析、紫外光谱等对其结构进行了表征,同时对两种细菌和3种真菌进行了生物活性测试。结果表明,在不同浓度梯度下,化合物对细菌都有一定的抑菌性,大部分化合物对真菌有好的抑菌性,特别是对米曲霉菌和白地霉菌的抑制效果最好。     

硫脲类化合物杀菌剂的合成

硫脲类化合物是一类具有广谱、高效的杀菌剂。为寻找更为优秀的杀菌剂新品种 ,选用了氨基嘧啶、氨基三唑酮、氨基三唑硫酮等含氮杂环化合物与烷氧羰基异硫氰酸酯反应 ,合成了 12个硫脲类衍生物 4 芳基 3 硫代脲酸酯类化合物 ,其中 10个化合物未见文献报道。通过氢谱 ( 1HNMR)、红外光谱 (IR) ,元素分析和熔点测定 ,确定了这 12个化合物的结构并对它们的杀菌毒力活性也进行了测定。这些参数将对筛选合成新的化合物提供科学依据     

砜类化合物杀菌活性的研究进展

砜类化合物因具有广谱生物活性而引起人们对它的关注,尤其是将砜基团引入到各种不同的化合物结构中,通过结构修饰能产生一系列具有广谱生物活性的化合物,使得它在新型超高效农药创制中发挥出越来越重要的作用。从杀菌剂方面对砜类化合物的生物活性研究进行了分类综述,重点介绍了该类化合物的一些生物活性研究方面的工作,简述了不同取代基对砜类化合物生物活性的影响,并对它的发展趋势和应用前景作了展望。     

咪唑和三唑醚类化合物的合成及生物活性

以2,4-二氯-α-氯代苯乙酮、取代甲苯、咪唑、三唑为起始原料,合成了9个咪唑醚类和16个三唑醚类化合物,所有化合物结构经1HNMR、IR和元素分析进行了确证,对化合物对马铃薯晚疫病菌(Phytophthoro infestans)和秧苗枯萎病菌(Phizoctonia)的抑菌活性进行了测定,测定表明,25个化合物都有不同程度的抑菌活性,其中Ⅲa、Ⅲb、Ⅲd、Ⅳg、Ⅴb、Ⅴc等6个化合物质量浓度为50 mg/L和10 mg/L时,对两种病菌的抑菌率达80%和50%以上,初步分析了化合物抑菌活性与结构的关系。     

抗癫痫1,2,4-三氮唑类衍生物研究进展

根据含1,2,4-三氮唑结构单元化合物的结构特点,总结了并环类和非并环类抗癫痫药物活性方面的研究进展,重点分析了不同结构类型与其抗癫痫活性以及神经毒性之间的关系。得出结论,1,2,4-三氮唑并喹啉、喹唑啉衍生物和三氮唑硫酮衍生物因具有良好的活性、较低的毒性从而具有进一步研究和开发的价值;在此基础上,对1,2,4-三氮唑类化合物抗癫痫活性未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Novel Hydrophilic Riminophenazines as Potent Antiprotozoal Agents

SAR studies on a set of novel hydrophilic C-2 aminopyridinyl riminophenazines bearing variously functionalized basic side chains at C-3 were conducted. The novel compounds were evaluated for in vitro activity against two different species of Leishmania promastigotes, intramacrophage Leishmania amastigotes, chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of P. falciparum, and also against mature-stage P. falciparum gametocytes. Their cytotoxicity was evaluated as well on BMDM cell lines. Most of the new compounds potently inhibited the growth of both genera of protozoa with IC₅₀ values in the high nanomolar range and good selectivities versus mammalian cells. Besides their potent activity against asexual intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum, three compounds showed potential as transmission-blocking agents. The key role of the hydrophilic C-2 aminopyridinyl substituent to improve the leishmanicidal activity and the influence of the length and the nature of the basic side chain on the antiprotozoal activity and cytotoxicity were underlined.     

Characterization of the Volatile, Phenolic and Antioxidant Properties of Monovarietal Olive Oil Obtained from cv. Halhali

Volatile and phenolic compositions of olive oil obtained from the cv. Halhali were investigated in the present study. Fruits were harvested at the optimum maturity stage of ripeness and immediately processed with cold press. Simultaneous distillation/extraction (SDE) with dichloromethane was applied to the analysis of volatile compounds of olive oil. Sensory analysis showed that the aromatic extract obtained by SDE was representative of olive oil odour. In the olive oil, 40 and 44 volatile components were identified and quantified in 2010 and 2012 year, respectively. The total amount of volatile compounds was 18,007 and 19,178 μg kg^?1 for 2010 and 2012, respectively. Of these, 11 compounds in the 2010 and 12 in the 2012 harvest presented odour activity values (OAVs) greater than 1, with 1‐octen‐3‐ol, ethyl‐3‐methyl butanoate, (E)‐2‐heptenal and (E,Z)‐2,4‐decadienal being those with the highest OAVs in olive oil. The high‐performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with diode‐array detection was used to identify and quantify phenolic compounds of the olive oil. A total of 14 phenolic compounds in both years were identified and quantified in olive oil. The major phenolic compounds that were identified in both years were hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, elenolic acid, luteolin, and apigenin. Antioxidant activity of olive oil was measured using the DPPH and ABTS methods.     

Surface Active Properties and Biological Activities of Novel Anionic Surfactant Based on Oxapyridazinone Derivatives

A series of novel oxapyridazinone derivatives has been synthesized via cyclization of the corresponding sodium salt of α‐sulfonated fatty acid hydrazide with chloroacetic acid in the presence of sodium acetate and acetic anhydride. The structures of the prepared compounds were elucidated using different spectroscopic and elemental analysis. The surface properties (surface tension, CMC value and area per molecule), the thermodynamic stability and antimicrobial activities of the prepared compounds were determined and compared to standard trade material Texapone^® N‐70. The prepared compounds exhibit surface activity comparable to the standard and thus can be used as anionic surfactants.     

普罗托品类生物碱的合成及其杀虫活性

[目的]对小果博落回中分离的普罗托品、隐品碱和别隐品碱中的十元氮杂环和苯环进行结构修饰,合成了17种普罗托品类生物碱,在确认其结构的基础上考查其体外杀虫活性。[方法]首先,采用ESI-MS、1H NMR和13C NMR等波谱技术对目标化合物的结构进行表征;接着,以伊维菌素为阳性对照,采用浸虫法分别测定了目标化合物在0.5、1 g/L时对兔痒螨和小麦红蜘蛛的体外杀灭活性。[结果]大多数化合物对兔痒螨和小麦红蜘蛛均显示了一定程度的杀灭活性。其中,待测物1的活性最佳,其对兔痒螨的致死率达71.7%;对小麦红蜘蛛的致死率为60.0%,校正致死率达57.1%。[结论]对目标化合物的结构及其杀虫活性进行分析,发现向十元氮杂环引入C=C键可显著提高该类化合物的杀螨活性;向13位引入羰基可提高它们杀灭小麦红蜘蛛的活性。为普罗托品类杀虫剂的研发提供了一定的理论依据。     

Convenient Synthesis of Alternatively Bridged Tryptophan Ketopiperazines and Their Activities against Trypanosomatid Parasites

There is an urgent need for the development of new treatments against trypanosomatid parasites; the causative agents of some of the most debilitating diseases in the developing world. This work targets an interesting 6-5-6-6 fused carboline scaffold, accessing a range of substituted derivatives through stereospecific intramolecular Pictet–Spengler condensation. Modification of the cyclisation conditions allowed retention of the carbamate protecting group and gave insight into the reaction mechanism. Compounds’ bioactivities were measured against T. brucei, T. cruzi, L. major and HeLa cells. We have identified promising pan-trypanocidal lead compounds based on the core scaffold, and highlight key SAR trends which will be useful for the future development of these compounds as potent trypanocidal agents.     

Simplified Silvestrol Analogues with Potent Cytotoxic Activity

The complex natural products silvestrol ( 1 ) and episilvestrol ( 2 ) are inhibitors of translation initiation through binding to the DEAD‐box helicase eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A). Both compounds are potently cytotoxic to cancer cells in vitro, and 1 has demonstrated efficacy in vivo in several xenograft cancer models. Here we show that 2 has limited plasma membrane permeability and is metabolized in liver microsomes in a manner consistent with that reported for 1 . In addition, we have prepared a series of analogues of these compounds where the complex pseudo‐sugar at C6 has been replaced with chemically simpler moieties to improve drug‐likeness. Selected compounds from this work possess excellent activity in biochemical and cellular translation assays with potent activity against leukemia cell lines.     

丹皮酚及百里酚磺酸酯类衍生物的合成及其抑菌活性

[目的]寻找较高抑菌活性的酚类化合物.[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法测试了丹皮酚和百里酚磺酸酯类衍生物的抑菌活性.[结果]在50 mg/L时,丹皮酚(1)衍生物4a～4n对供试病原菌表现出较好的抑制活性,部分表现出比阳性对照百菌清更高的抑制活性.而百里酚(2)衍生物5a～5n抑菌活性较低,酚羟基对于百里酚维持其高的抑菌活性...     

嘧啶类化合物杀菌活性研究进展

综述了嘧啶类化合物的杀菌活性,重点介绍了取代嘧啶类、嘧啶胺类、稠杂环嘧啶类、嘧啶甲氧基丙烯酸酯类、嘧啶苯胺盐类化合物及生物活性研究方面的工作,展望了该类化合物的发展趋势和应用前景。