Experimental study on prediction model for maximum rebound ratio

The proposed prediction model for estimating the maximum rebound ratio was applied to a field explosion test, Mandai test in Singapore. The estimated possible maximum peak particle velocities(PPVs) were compared with the field records. Three of the four available field-recorded PPVs lie exactly below the estimated possible maximum values as expected, while the fourth available field-recorded PPV lies close to and a bit higher than the estimated maximum possible PPV. The comparison results show that the predicted PPVs from the proposed prediction model for the maximum rebound ratio match the field-recorded PPVs better than those from two empirical formulae. The very good agreement between the estimated and field-recorded values validates the proposed prediction model for estimating PPV in a rock mass with a set of joints due to application of a two dimensional compressional wave at the boundary of a tunnel or a borehole.     

Effect analysis of friction and damping on anti-backlash gear based on dynamics model with time-varying mesh stiffness

A nonlinear model of anti-backlash gear with time-varying friction and mesh stiffness was proposed for the further study on dynamic characteristics of anti-backlash gear. In order to improve the model precision, applied force analysis was completed in detail, and single or double tooth meshing states of two gear pairs at any timing were determined according to the meshing characteristic of anti-backlash gear. The influences of friction and variations of damping ratio on dynamic transmission error were analyzed finally by numerical calculation and the results show that anti-backlash gear can increase the composite mesh stiffness comparing with the mesh stiffness of the normal gear pair. At the pitch points where the frictions change their signs, additional impulsive effects are observed. The width of impulsive in the same value of center frequency is wider than that without friction, and the amplitude is lower. When gear pairs mesh in and out, damping can reduce the vibration and impact.     

Signal timing optimization model based on dual-ring phase scheme for roundabout

A signal optimization model for roundabout was proposed based on dual-ring scheme and two stop lines for left turns control concept were used to eliminate the conflict points and weaving sections at a roundabout. A cycle length minimization problem was considered to generate optimal signal timings for roundabout, and a set of constraints to ensure feasibility and safety of the resulting optimal signal settings were proposed. Extensive experimental analyses in comparison with signalized intersection reveal that the proposed model is quite promising for application in design of roundabout signals, and the minimum cycle length can decrease from 186 s to 79 s while the capacity increases from 8 682 pcu/h to 9 011 pcu/h under high demand scenario. Sensitivity analysis with respect to the system performance show that the lane assignment plan, number of circulatory lanes and left turn ratio are three critical factors which have dominate impacts on performance of signalized roundabout     

A model for nanogrinding based on direct evidence of ground chips of silicon wafers

Nanometer chips were directly fabricated using face nanogrinding carried out by ultrafine diamond grits at room temperature. Direct evidence for ground nanometer chips is cuboid, and the average ratio of width to thickness is 1.49. Chips of 9.0 nm in thickness, 13.3 nm in width, and 16.0 in diagonal were achieved and confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. Based on the nanometer chips observed, a model was proposed according to the mass conservation and fundamental mechanism of face grinding. The surface roughness and thickness of damaged layers measured experimentally are in good agreement with the prediction of the developed model. The feed rate significantly affects the surface roughness and thickness of damaged layers, when keeping the wheel and table speeds constant, respectively.     

Fault diagnosis of power-shift steering transmission based on multiple outputs least squares support vector regression

A method of multiple outputs least squares support vector regression (LS-SVR) was developed and described in detail, with the radial basis function (RBF) as the kernel function. The method was applied to predict the future state of the power-shift steering transmission (PSST). A prediction model of PSST was gotten with multiple outputs LS-SVR. The model performance was greatly influenced by the penalty parameter γ and kernel parameterσ2 which were optimized using cross validation method. The training and prediction of the model were done with spectrometric oil analysis data. The predictive and actual values were compared and a fault in the second PSST was found. The research proved that this method had good accuracy in PSST fault prediction, and any possible problem in PSST could be found through a comparative analysis.     

Modeling and simulation of the static characteristics of diaphragm spring clutches

The diaphragm spring clutch static characteristics to improve the starting quality for cars equipped with automated mechanical transmission (AMT) were modeled and simulated. First, axial stiffness of clutch cushion spring and characteristic curves of diaphragm spring were theoretically and experimentally studied. Then, model of transfer characteristics of the normal force was built, with special conscen on the abrasion of friction discs and the influence of temperature to diaphragm spring. Finally, the model was tested in practical starting for cars equipped with AMT, which showed that the starting quality was significantly improved. The experimental results showed that the proposed model was precise enough to be implemented conveniently.     

Numerical Simulation of Methane Distribution and Sensor Placement in 2-Dimension Roadway

In order to provide a theoretical basis for methane sensor placement in the vertical direction of a tunnel, the software Fluent was used to simulate methane distribution. A geometric roadway model was established and divided by grids. Methane distribution in both level and vertical sections was simulated using a realizable k-ε model with the Fluent software according to a conservation equation in a turbulent state, a turbulent kinetic energy equation and a turbulent dissipation rate equation. The realizable k-ε model and the Fluent software were used to simulate methane distribution according to the principle of the conservation equation in a state of turbulent flow. The results show that after overflowing, a methane level with a certain thickness is formed. Methane density curves at three specific levels were internally consistent and methane density at higher levels is denser than that at lower levels. Methane distribution becomes thinner in the direction of wind and methane in the vertical direction becomes uniform if wind speed is high. The distance be- tween sensors and roof should be less than 300 mm which is in agreement with mine safety regulations.     

Thermodynamic calculations and experiments on inclusions to be nucleation sites for intragranular ferrite in Si-Mn-Ti deoxidized steel

Microstructures and inclusions in the Si-Mn-Ti deoxidized steels after cooling in the furnace were investigated. The composition and morphology of the inclusions were analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscope （FE-SEM） with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry （EDS）. The kind and composition of the inclusions calculated from the thermodynamic database were in good agreement with the experimental results. There were two main kinds of inclusions formed in the Si-Mn-Ti deoxidized steels. One kind of inclusion was the manganese titanium oxide （Mn-Ti oxide）. Another kind of inclusion was the MnS inclusion with segregation points containing Ti and N. According to the thermodynamic calculation, those segregation points were TiN precipitates. The formation of intragranular ferrite （IGF） microstructures refined the grain size during the austenite-ferrite transformation. The mechanisms of IGF formation were discussed. Mn-Ti oxide inclusions with Mn-depleted zone （MDZ） were effective to be nucleation sites for IGF formation, because the MDZ increased the austenite-ferrite transformation temperature. TiN had the low misfit ratio with IGF, so the TiN precipitated on the MnS surface also promoted the formation of IGF because of decreasing interfacial energies.     

Soft sensor design for hydrodesulfurization process using support vector regression based on WT and PCA

A novel method for developing a reliable data driven soft sensor to improve the prediction accuracy of sulfur content in hydrodesulfurization(HDS) process was proposed. Therefore, an integrated approach using support vector regression(SVR) based on wavelet transform(WT) and principal component analysis(PCA) was used. Experimental data from the HDS setup were employed to validate the proposed model. The results reveal that the integrated WT-PCA with SVR model was able to increase the prediction accuracy of SVR model. Implementation of the proposed model delivers the best satisfactory predicting performance(EAARE=0.058 and R2=0.97) in comparison with SVR. The obtained results indicate that the proposed model is more reliable and more precise than the multiple linear regression(MLR), SVR and PCA-SVR.     

Behavior and design method of square-tubed reinforced concrete short columns under axial compression

The behavior of square-tubed reinforced concrete (STRC) short columns subjected to axial compression was studied in detail with an accurate nonlinear finite element model (FEM) . Different width to thickness ratios (D/t = 50 150) of the steel tube and the compressive strength of concrete (C80 and C50) were adopted in this research. The axial load strength,steel tube strain and load-shortening response were determined from FEM and the analysis results from FEM were compared with those from experiment. The analysis and test results indicate that the concrete strength little affectes the confinement of the steel tube on the concrete. The transverse stress of the tube at the axial load point increases with the increment in the width to thickness ratio. Based on the results from FEM and experiment,a formula for the prediction of the axial load strength was proposed in this paper.     

Numerical study on maximum rebound ratio in blasting wave propagation along radian direction normal to joints

1 INTRODUCTION For one dimensional wave, such as seismic wave, passing across single joint or multiple parallel joints, combining the theory of displacement discontinuities and the method of characteristics, solutions in terms of magnitudes of the reflection ratio and the transmission ratio have been obtained by several researchers[1?6] for P-wave and S-wave respectively. However, for a practical dynamic problem in a rock mass involving blasting wave propagation from a tunnel or borehole,…     

黏弹性节理岩体中应力波的传播特性分析

为探究黏弹性节理对应力波在岩体中传播规律的影响,引入饱依丁-汤姆逊模型作为位移不连续条件,基于时域递归方法推导出应力波通过一组平行黏弹性节理的传播方程;通过将饱依丁-汤姆逊模型退化为Maxwell模型和Kelvin模型所得的时域递归数值解与已有的频域内封闭解对比,验证推导过程的正确性;最后,对相关参数的影响规律进行分析。结果表明：模型无量纲系数、无量纲节理厚度、无量纲节理间距和入射角等都对波的传播产生影响;对于单条节理,应力波的透反射系数以及能量耗散率主要取决于位移不连续模型的无量纲参数、入射角及无量纲节理厚度;而对于一组平行节理,透射系数还和平行节理数与节理间距的大小有关,且节理条数的增加对入射临界角位置处透射波振幅的衰减影响更为明显。     

节理岩体中纵波传播特性数值研究

利用通用离散元程序（ UDEC）研究应力波在单个和多个平行节理中的传播规律,为了简化问题,其中的应力波为垂直节理入射的P波。数值模拟的结果表明,在单个节理的情况下,透射系数的大小只与节理的法向刚度有关,而与节理的剪切刚度和内摩擦角无关;在多个平行节理的情况下,节理数影响应力波的透反射情况,节理数增加,透射系数随着节理间距减小的变化值增大。     

基于非平稳随机场的水泥土堤坝边坡可靠度分析

采用水泥固化疏浚淤泥作为堤坝填料往往会使堤坝土体参数具有较高的变异性;同时,在水泥土堤坝填筑过程中,通常设置水平排水板加速土体排水固结,这使得主固结完成后水泥土强度随排水板位置呈现一定空间变化趋势,通常的平稳或准平稳随机场模型很难表征这一趋势。为此,提出一种不排水抗剪强度垂直排水板方向衰减的非平稳随机场模型,并以水泥土堤坝边坡为例,结合强度折减法和蒙特卡洛模拟,对比提出的非平稳随机场模型和传统平稳随机场模型、深度趋势非平稳随机场模型对边坡安全系数和滑动面分布的影响,讨论模型中趋势参数对可靠度的影响。结果表明：平稳随机场模型及深度趋势非平稳随机场模型的计算结果偏于危险,提出的非平稳随机场模型既能考虑土体不排水抗剪强度沿深度方向的趋势项与随机波动项,又能考虑其沿垂直排水板方向的衰减趋势,与现有研究符合较好。     

不同预紧力下栓接结合部法向等效特性

为了充分体现栓接结合部法向动态特性,将模型等效为匀质杆,并利用整体结构的边界条件、位移相容条件和作用力平衡条件建立栓接结合部法向等效动力学模型;然后,通过模态实验获得整体结构在不同预紧力下的一阶固有频率和阻尼比,辨识出在不同预紧力下栓接结合部等效刚度与阻尼的变化规律;最后,利用ANSYS有限元软件建立含有栓接结合部的整体结构模型,并与实验获得的整体结构一阶固有频率和振型进行比较,最大误差仅为4.73%,从而验证了该方法的正确性.同时,研究发现:随着预紧力的增加,等效刚度和阻尼也随着增加,当预紧力达到一定时,等效刚度和阻尼参数的变化趋势逐渐减小,并且结合部对整体结构的影响很大,尤其是在预紧力较低的情况下结合部的特性对整体性能影响更大.     

考虑土体参数不确定性的供水管道地震响应分析

埋地管道周围土体性质沿管道纵向存在不确定性,直接影响到埋地管道的地震响应规律和抗震性能。为此,基于设计反应谱合成不同抗震设防烈度下的人工地震动,采用简化弹性地基梁模型,分析地震行波作用下的管道接口动力响应。考虑因安装环境差异、管道老化等因素引起的球墨铸铁管道接口强度的折减,分析土体重度、内摩擦角、黏聚力和土弹簧屈服位移4个不确定性参数对埋地球墨铸铁供水管道地震响应的影响规律,并对不同地震烈度、不同薄弱接口抗拉强度折减系数土参数不确定性规律进行总结归纳。算例分析表明:与确定性参数模型计算结果相比,4个不确定性参数对接口峰值动力响应的影响程度依次为黏聚力、内摩擦角、土体重度、土弹簧屈服位移,同时考虑4个不确定性参数的模型对结果影响最大,最大接口张开量的变异系数可高达9.54%;考虑土体参数不确定性的均值与确定性工况基本一致,最不利值为确定性工况的1.09~1.31倍;管道局部接口抗拉强度的折减对管道接口位移的响应影响显著。基于计算结果给出了不同地震动强度下接口薄弱系数与接口最大张开量的预测公式。     

高速电子系统非均匀传输线辐射问题

建立非均匀传输线简化后的阶跃型均匀传输线的散射参数模型,提出计算阶跃型非均匀传输线的散射参数和电压分布的方法.根据天线电流的假设理论,计算阶跃型非均匀传输线的远场辐射电场强度以及辐射方向分布情况,对天线电流的假设理论进行辐射方向修正.将计算结果与ANSYS公司高频电磁场数值计算软件HFSS仿真结果进行对比分析,讨论不同相对介电常数的板材和铜箔厚度变化时的远场辐射变化情况.当相对介电常数较小和铜箔厚度较厚时可以有效地降低阶梯型非均匀传输线远场辐射强度.     

碎裂岩体滑坡运动特征及近场涌浪变化规律

收集三峡库区48组典型岩体滑坡参数及裂隙发育情况,在遵循相似准则的基础上,结合万州河段地形资料建立浅水区碎裂岩体滑坡涌浪三维物理模型. 通过多组模型试验,测定不同形状及方量的岩体滑坡水上运动特征以及滑坡淹没率对近场涌浪最大波幅的影响. 结果表明：破碎后的岩体滑坡沿厚度方向产生速度梯度,使得滑坡体分层滑向水面,且滑坡最大厚度随着滑动距离的增加呈指数衰减;当滑坡淹没率小于极限淹没率时,近场涌浪最大波幅随着水深的减小而急剧降低. 通过对无量纲参数的多元回归分析,建立碎裂岩体滑坡最大厚度衰减公式、浅水区滑坡淹没率经验公式以及三维涌浪近场最大波幅的预测方程. 红岩子滑坡和龚家坊滑坡现场观测资料分析结果验证了方程在浅水中的有效性.     

考虑透射噪声的内燃机薄壁件声学预测方法

为了准确地预测内燃机薄壁件的声学性能,利用多体动力学方法获得某柴油机齿轮室罩的螺栓激励,通过有限元法计算得到该齿轮室罩的表面振动速度.结合声辐射效率计算该件的辐射声功率.通过研究该齿轮室罩装配状态下的隔声量后发现,在某几个频率下隔声量会迅速减小,透射量与混响声源的声压成正比且非线性关系.将实验测得的齿轮室罩声压作为边界条件,计算该齿轮室罩的透射噪声,将透射噪声和螺栓激励引起的表面辐射噪声耦合获得的总声功率更接近实际情况.