纳米乳液提升植物精油的抗菌性能及其在食品表面的消毒作用研究进展

食品及其加工设备和环境中的腐败菌和致病菌污染是影响食品质量安全的重要因素, 高效防控这些有害微生物在食品工业中具有重大需求。植物精油不仅具有快速杀菌的作用, 而且不易引发有害微生物对食品加工理化因子产生抗性。然而, 植物精油具有亲脂性和易挥发性等缺点, 限制了其在食品消毒领域的应用。纳米乳液技术可以将植物精油包埋在食品级表面活性剂中, 形成稳定性良好的分散体系, 从而较好地克服植物精油在食品工业中应用的瓶颈问题。因此, 本文综述了植物精油纳米乳液的制备方法、纳米乳液提升植物精油体外和体内抗菌活性的效果、纳米乳液在食品表面的抗菌膜作用, 以期为植物精油纳米乳液用于促进食品质量安全提供不可或缺的依据。     

纳米粒子稳定的Pickering乳液在食品包装中的应用研究进展

Pickering乳液是以超细固体颗粒作为乳化剂制得的乳状液,具有乳化剂用量低、稳定性高、环境友好等优点,同时对活性物质具有良好的包载、缓释能力,在食品包装领域应用前景广阔。本文介绍了4种食品级天然纳米粒子（蛋白、多糖、脂质和多酚）稳定Pickering乳液的机理及其应用效果;综述了Pickering乳液在食品包装中的应用研究现状,基于机械性能、阻隔性能、抑菌和抗氧化性能等方面分析了Pickering乳液的加入对食品包装膜品质的影响;并对Pickering乳液在食品包装领域的研究方向进行了展望,以期推动Pickering乳液在食品包装领域的研究和应用。     

植物精油稳定性的改善及其在食品中应用研究进展

食物是一个复杂且营养丰富的体系,会给微生物生长提供一个优越的环境,因而易使食品感染微生物而导致腐败变质。将植物天然提取物用于食物保鲜已成为近年来食品保鲜业界的研究热点,植物精油作为一种无毒、无害、纯天然的提取物,具有很好的抗氧化和抑菌防腐的特性,其在食品保鲜领域的应用前景十分巨大。但植物精油存在着极易挥发、水溶性差,对光、热、温度敏感等特性,使其在食品保鲜中的应用受到限制。本文综述了提高植物精油稳定性的四种方法微胶囊、微乳液、纳米乳和脂质体及其在果蔬、谷物类、肉类等食品保鲜中的应用,为植物精油的进一步开发研究及应用提供参考。     

植物精油在食品包装中的现状及展望

植物精油(EOs)在食品药品业具有潜在的应用价值。研究表明,植物精油中含有很多挥发性化合物,它们具有抗菌和抗氧化能力。这些特性使其在食品活性包装方面具有广阔的应用前景。一般情况下,精油在食物储存过程中起着抑制腐败或致病微生物生长的作用。文章不仅讨论了精油在食品包装的未来发展趋势,而且还评估了其安全性和副作用。     

天然抗菌剂在食品包装中的研究进展

天然抗菌剂无毒、来源广、抗菌效果显著,且可加工利用,是目前维持新鲜食品品质及保障人体健康必不可少的一类化合物,已成为食品行业和包装领域关注的热点;本文介绍了已经开发使用的植物源天然抗菌剂、动物源天然抗菌剂和微生物源天然抗菌剂的种类、来源、抗菌机理和应用效果;分析了3 类天然抗菌剂的主要抗菌活性成分、抗菌特征及在食品包装领域的研究及应用现状;总结了使用天然抗菌剂时需要遵循的法律法规,为今后制备含有天然抗菌剂的包装系统提供参考依据,并探讨了天然抗菌剂在食品包装领域面临的机遇和挑战。     

脂质和表面活性剂对精油纳米乳液稳定性的影响及其应用研究进展

精油纳米乳液具有高稳定性、高生物活性、高光学透明度的物理化学性质,在食品、化妆品和医药行业应用广泛。精油纳米乳液的稳定机制是通过向精油中加入适量脂质,增大分散相直径,降低奥氏熟化率。同时,脂质作为载体给香气提供环境使其不容易扩散,进一步延长纳米乳液香气物质的保留时间,从而提高精油的应用品质。本文综述了精油纳米乳液的制备方法,表面活性剂对香气物质释放的影响,脂质对奥氏熟化和香气缓释的作用及精油纳米乳液在食品行业的应用,旨在为研究精油纳米乳液的稳定机制及在食品上的应用提供一定的理论参考,从而扩大其在食品领域的应用范围。     

精油在食品抗菌包装中的应用研究进展

抗菌包装是将抗菌剂和包装材料进行组合,以保持食品在保质期内的稳定性和安全性。植物精油具有广谱的抗微生物活性,是安全的天然抗菌剂,其挥发性的特点扩大了精油在抗菌包装体系中的应用。近年来,精油抗菌包装吸引了人们的很多研究。介绍了抗菌包装、精油的抗菌活性、精油在抗菌包装中的构建形式、精油抗菌包装在食品中的应用,并指出精油抗菌包装存在的问题和发展方向。     

肉桂醛在食品活性包装中的抗菌应用研究进展

肉桂醛作为一种典型的天然植物精油活性成分,是广谱高效、安全无毒的食品防腐剂,通过固定在食品活性包装中可以改善其易挥发性和刺激气味,在提高抗菌效率的同时减少对食物感官的影响。近年来肉桂醛作为活性包装抗菌剂的研究呈显著增加趋势,在食品保鲜领域极具发展前景,然而尚缺乏文献对其研究应用现状进行系统总结分析。本文从天然载体、人工构建载体以及递送载体的修饰等方面探讨了肉桂醛与活性包装结合方式的最新研究进展,总结了肉桂醛抗菌包装对果蔬、肉制品、乳制品及淀粉食品的保鲜效果,最后分析了目前肉桂醛包装研究现状和未来发展方向。本综述为天然防腐剂肉桂醛在食品活性包装中的研发、应用与推广提供了科学参考,为提高生鲜食品贮运品质提供了新的研究思路。     

八角茴香提取物在食品中的应用研究进展

八角茴香提取物及精油因具有较强的抑菌及抗氧化活性,其作为天然添加剂在食品领域具有广泛的应用。文章针对八角茴香提取物及精油在肉制品工业及果蔬保鲜等领域的具体应用实例,阐明其在食品领域具有较高的研究价值和开发前景。另外,根据植物源添加剂的功效特点,对农用精油杀菌剂及保鲜剂研究提出了一点建议。     

生物基活性食品包装材料的研究进展

传统的塑料食品包装材料大多来自于不可再生的石化资源,难以降解,不仅造成白色污染,且包装中的某些成分迁移至食品中也给食品安全带来负面影响。随着对“双碳目标”的认知和食品安全关注度的提升,绿色、安全、可降解同时可延长食品的保质期的生物基活性包装材料成为研究热点。本文从活性剂的类型和活性包装的功能角度介绍了生物基活性基材的类型和特点,综述了基于淀粉、纤维素、壳聚糖、蛋白质、聚乳酸等生物基材的活性食品包装材料的研究现状,对比分析不同类型生物基活性包装的优势和弊端,探讨各生物基食品活性包装材料存在的问题及解决的对策,最后对未来生物基活性包装的应用和研究趋势进行展望,以期为开发和选用绿色环保、性能优良、使用安全的生物基活性食品包装提供参考。     

Essential Oils: Extraction,Bioactivities, and Their Uses for Food Preservation

Essential oils are concentrated liquids of complex mixtures of volatile compounds and can be extracted from several plant organs. Essential oils are a good source of several bioactive compounds, which possess antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. In addition, some essential oils have been used as medicine. Furthermore, the uses of essential oils have received increasing attention as the natural additives for the shelf‐life extension of food products, due to the risk in using synthetic preservatives. Essential oils can be incorporated into packaging, in which they can provide multifunctions termed “active or smart packaging.” Those essential oils are able to modify the matrix of packaging materials, thereby rendering the improved properties. This review covers up‐to‐date literatures on essential oils including sources, chemical composition, extraction methods, bioactivities, and their applications, particularly with the emphasis on preservation and the shelf‐life extension of food products.     

植物精油在水产品保鲜中的研究进展

水产品产后腐败损失及其导致的食品安全问题仍然是我国水产品加工业发展的制约因素。植物精油是从芳香植物中提取的具有挥发性及芳香气味的次生代谢产物,具有抗菌和抗氧化等功能,是一种极具潜力的水产品保鲜剂。本文对目前植物精油在水产品保鲜中的应用现状、保鲜效果、对产品风味影响及其食用安全性进行了综述。     

Recent advances in biobased and biodegradable polymer nanocomposites,nanoparticles, and natural antioxidants for antibacterial and antioxidant food packaging applications

Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and natural antioxidant compounds are an emerging trend in the food industry. Incorporating these substances in biobased and biodegradable matrices as polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose, and chitosan) and proteins has highlighted the potential in active food packaging applications due to more significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, UV blocking, oxygen scavenging, water vapor permeability effects, and low environmental impact. In recent years, the migration of metal NPs and metal oxides in food contact packaging and their toxicological potential have raised concerns about the safety of the nanomaterials. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the main biobased and biodegradable polymer nanocomposites, inorganic NPs, natural antioxidants, and their potential use in active food packaging. The intrinsic properties of NPs and natural antioxidant actives in packaging materials are evaluated to extend shelf-life, safety, and food quality. Toxicological and safety aspects of inorganic NPs are highlighted to understand the current controversy on applying some nanomaterials in food packaging. The synergism of inorganic NPs and plant-derived natural antioxidant actives (e.g., vitamins, polyphenols, and carotenoids) and essential oils (EOs) potentiated the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of biodegradable nanocomposite films. Biodegradable packaging films based on green NPs—this is biosynthesized from plant extracts–showed suitable mechanical and barrier properties and had a lower environmental impact and offered efficient food protection. Furthermore, AgNPs and TiO₂ NPs released metal ions from packaging into contents insufficiently to cause harm to human cells, which could be helpful to understanding critical gaps and provide progress in the packaging field.     

Essential Oils as Natural Food Antimicrobial Agents: A Review

Food-borne illnesses pose a real scourge in the present scenario as the consumerism of packaged food has increased to a great extend. Pathogens entering the packaged foods may survive longer, which needs a check. Antimicrobial agents either alone or in combination are added to the food or packaging materials for this purpose. Exploiting the antimicrobial property, essential oils are considered as a “natural” remedy to this problem other than its flavoring property instead of using synthetic agents. The essential oils are well known for its antibacterial, antiviral, antimycotic, antiparasitic, and antioxidant properties due to the presence of phenolic functional group. Gram-positive organisms are found more susceptible to the action of the essential oils. Essential oils improve the shelf-life of packaged products, control the microbial growth, and unriddle the consumer concerns regarding the use of chemical preservatives. This review is intended to provide an overview of the essential oils and their role as natural antimicrobial agents in the food industry.     

Plant Essential Oils as Active Antimicrobial Agents

Essential oils derived from plants have been recognized for decades to exhibit biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial attributes. Antimicrobial activities of these natural plant materials have been intensively explored in recent years, mainly in response to the overwhelming concern of consumers over the safety of synthetic food additives. Gram-negative organisms are believed to be slightly less sensitive to essential oils than Gram-positive bacteria. Generally, a higher concentration is required to obtain the same efficacy in foods than in synthetic media. The combinations of different types of essential oils or with other food additives have been found to potentially exhibit synergistic if not additive effects. This suggests a cost-efficient and wholesome alternative to both food industry and consumers, at the same time adhering to the hurdle technology in inhibiting proliferation of foodborne pathogens. This review aims to examine the conventional methods commonly used for assessment of antimicrobial activities of essential oils and phytochemicals, the use of these substances as antimicrobials in food products, factors that affect their efficacy, synergism between components or with available food preservatives as well as the challenges and future directions of using essential oils and phytochemicals as natural food preservatives.     

Characterization of fish protein films incorporated with essential oils of clove,garlic and origanum: Physical,antioxidant and antibacterial properties

Consumers are demanding high quality foods using environmental-friendly packaging systems and natural preservatives, like edible/biodegradable films or coatings with bioactive properties. In this context, films prepared with Cape hake by-products proteins were combined with three essential oils (garlic, clove, and origanum) and characterized in terms of physical, mechanical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Control films, without essential oils, were homogeneous, transparent, slightly yellow, and mechanically resistant. The incorporation of garlic, clove, and origanum essential oils in this film significantly decreased thickness, water solubility, breaking force and elongation, whereas increased the free radical scavenging activity of films. Particularly, clove films showed lower water vapour permeability than control films, and the highest antibacterial activity (against Shewanella putrefaciens). Garlic films were the most yellowish and had the highest antioxidant activity. Finally, origanum films were rather similar to the control, particularly in colour, transparency and reducing power. In conclusion, proteins recovered from Cape hake by-products combined with essential oils have adequate properties with applicability in new preservation food packaging systems.     

Essential oils as biopreservatives: different methods for the technological application in lettuce leaves

Investigations were carried out to assess the efficiency of 3 essential oils, clove, tea tree, and rosemary, as natural preservatives during the postharvest of lettuce leaves. The effect of different concentration (1 and 0.5 MIC) of plant essential oils applied in 3 forms (spray, immersion, and capsules) was studied on lettuce leaves. The evolution of different microbial populations was evaluated during refrigerated storage. The application forms of the biopreservatives were shown to be an important factor in determining the effectiveness of the essential oils. Clove and tea tree essential oils at 1 MIC and applied embedded in lactose capsules presented a significant inhibition on mesophilic, psicrotrophic, and coliforms populations, while rosemary in none of the 3 technological applications forms exerted inhibitory effect on all microbial populations evaluated. Essential oils (at 0.5 MIC) applied by spray, immersion, and embedded in lactose capsules exerted lower inhibitory effects, with respect to 1 MIC, on the different microbial populations present on lettuce leaves. At the end of the storage (7 d), lettuce samples treated with tea tree, clove, and rosemary (at 1 and 0.5 MIC) by spray were the only organoleptically acceptable. It is concluded that clove and tea tree essential oils can control different microbial population present in lettuce. Practical Application: The exploration of naturally occurring antimicrobials in food preservation receives increasing attention due to consumer awareness of natural food products. Biopreservatives are useful in extending the shelf life of foods, reducing or eliminating pathogenic bacteria and increasing overall quality of food products. The effectiveness of essential oil application in foods is the result of factor associations such as applications forms, concentration applied, the way of action, storage temperatures. The application methods (spray, immersion, and embedded in lactose capsules) and the concentration of essential oils have been shown to be important factors in determining the effectiveness of these biopreservatives. The oil concentrations required to produce a certain level of inhibition in actual foods could be questionable due to the organoleptic impact. However, these novel natural preservatives in combination with other factors in obstacle technologies are an alternative to control the pathogen growth minimizing undesirable changes in organoleptic characteristics.     

植物精油对果蔬保鲜作用研究进展

病原微生物引起的腐烂是造成果蔬采后损失的主要原因,由此带来巨大的经济损失。植物精油是植物体内的次生代谢产物,化学组成较为复杂,因其具有抑菌和保持果蔬品质等多方面的作用,引起了食品研究人员的极大兴趣。近年来,植物精油在果蔬保鲜上的应用已成为研究热点。本文就植物精油的抑菌活性、对果蔬防腐保鲜的作用及其机理等方面进行综述及分析,以期为高效、安全的食品天然防腐保鲜剂的开发和植物精油在果蔬保鲜中的应用提供参考。