有一定取向性的碳纤维增强尼龙6复合材料弹性模量的实验和理论研究

纤维增强热塑性聚合物基复合材料注塑成型后往往被认为是各向同性复合材料。然而,注塑成型后纤维会具有一定的取向性,从而使复合材料试样呈现各向异性的特点。为了合理预测此类复合材料的弹性模量,本文对碳纤维增强尼龙6复合材料注塑试样内部的纤维长度和取向分布情况进行了测试和分析,得出了纤维取向的分布规律。随后结合单向纤维增强聚合物基复合材料力学模型和层叠理论,构造出了适用于有一定取向性的纤维增强树脂基复合材料弹性模量预测理论模型,其理论结果和拉伸实验结果吻合较好,表明该预测模型的准确性比较高。      

耦合玻纤取向的空滤器模态仿真分析

空滤器本体通常使用的PP+GF30材料为具有各向异性力学特性,针对其振动噪声问题,若使用常规的均质材料模型进行模态计算会产生较大的误差,在模态分析中引入注塑玻纤参量可以得到更加真实的结果.平均场理论在此类问题中使用较多,其具有简洁高效而不失精度的优点.首先,对空滤器上、下壳体进行模流分析;其次,通过软件接口导出玻纤分布...     

Exact elasticity solution for the vibration of functionally graded anisotropic cylindrical shells

An exact elasticity solution is presented for the free and forced vibration of functionally graded cylindrical shells. The functionally graded shells have simply supported edges and arbitrary material gradation in the radial direction. The three-dimensional linear elastodynamics equations, simplified to the case of generalized plane strain deformation in the axial direction, are solved using suitable displacement functions that identically satisfy the boundary conditions. The resulting system of coupled ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients are solved analytically using the power series method. The analytical solution is applicable to shallow as well as deep shells of arbitrary thickness. The formulation assumes that the shell is made of a cylindrically orthotropic material but it is equally applicable to the special case of isotropic materials. Results are presented for two-constituent isotropic and fiber-reinforced composite materials. The homogenized elastic stiffnesses of isotropic materials are estimated using the self-consistent scheme. In the case of fiber-reinforced materials, the effective properties are obtained using either the Mori–Tanaka or asymptotic expansion homogenization (AEH) methods. The fiber-reinforced composite material studied in the present work consists of silicon-carbide fibers embedded in titanium matrix with the fiber volume fraction and fiber orientation graded in the radial direction. The natural frequencies, mode shapes, displacements and stresses are presented for different material gradations and shell geometries.     

Effects of fiber orientation angles of fiber-reinforced plastic on sand solid particle erosion behaviors

Solid particle erosion in industrial applications has been a serious problem in many engineering fields. Earlier studies on fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites were mainly focusing on the erosive wear behavior at several different impact angles. However, the effect of fiber orientation on FRP composites has not been thoroughly investigated. Since fiber orientation is one of the important factors in which causing erosive wear damages to FRP composites, in order to understand the virtue of this problem, it is important to investigate the effect of fiber orientation at different impact angles. In this research, the effect of fiber orientation of unidirectional fiber-reinforced plastic composites on erosive wear behavior was studied. Sandblasting-type erosion tests were conducted on the FRP composites with fiber orientation ranging at three impact angles to clarify the relation between fiber orientation and erosive wear behavior. The Dyneema fiber (ductile material) and the carbon fiber (brittle material) were used for the reinforcement fiber in FRP. From the result, it is confirmed that CFRP composites with higher fiber orientation angle erode faster than the composites with lower fiber orientation angle. But the erosion characteristic of DFRP was almost the same regardless of the fiber orientation angle. The damaged surfaces of the FRP composites were then analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and the possible erosion wear mechanisms were investigated.     

纤维长度,取向对LAS基体力学性能的影响

本文研究了短切碳纤维增强LAS玻璃-陶瓷（以下简称C_sf／LAS）复合材料的制备工艺以及纤维长度、取向对其力学性能的影响．获得了短切碳纤维均匀分散并取向排列的复合材料,用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜观察了复合材料的断口形貌和显微结构．研究发现短切碳纤维增强LAS玻璃-陶瓷的主要强韧化机理是载荷传递和纤维拔出．     

纤维增强塑料在挤出过程中纤维取向的模拟

本文采用Ｄｉｎｈ－Ａｒｍｓｔｒｏｎｇ流变模型，研究了中等浓度纤维悬浮体系中纤维的取向状态以及与速度场及应力场的关系，运用了纤维跟踪技巧来计算取向张量，由取向椭圆表征纤维的取向状态。预测结果与实验数据基本相符。     

Prediction of failure properties of injection-molded short glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 6,6

This study simulates the tensile failure of injection-molded short glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 6,6 (GF/PA66). Tensile tests of unreinforced PA66 are first conducted and the material properties are obtained by fitting a simulated stress–strain curve to the experiment result. Using the obtained material properties, failure simulations of GF/PA66 composites are performed for four types of specimens with various fiber lengths and fiber orientation distributions. In the simulations, multiscale mechanistic model, which can simulate micromechanical damage, and Micromechanics Model (MM), which has very low computational cost, are adapted and the results are compared with experiments. Both models reproduce the experiment results well. Considering the computational cost, MM is the better model for predicting the failure properties of GF/PA66 composites.     

界面应力传递重新分析及Cohesive模型参数的确定

在经典剪滞理论中引入双线性cohesive模型表征纤维/基体之间的非理想界面,重新分析了纤维增强复合材料中的应力传递机理,得到了考虑界面因素的应力分布。用上述结果解释了单丝段裂实验过程中的现象,讨论了界面参数和材料性能对应力分布的影响。基于上述理论,建立了用cohesive单元表征界面的模拟单丝段裂实验的三维有限元模型,结合单丝段裂实验结果,提出了一种估测cohesive界面刚度参数的新方法。数值和理论分析结果与实验结果对比,吻合良好,可以为材料的界面性能分析和材料设计提供参考依据。     

基于图像处理的纤维分布与取向分布对水泥基材料弯曲性能的影响

聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维增强水泥基材料的弯曲性能与纤维在水泥基体内的分布和取向分布相关。采用抛光断面后涂荧光粉的显微成像法,基于图像处理程序对PVA纤维在水泥基材料中的分布和取向分布进行量化测定,对不同基体结构特征影响纤维分布的机理进行了讨论。结合弯曲试验结果,研究了纤维分布和取向分布对材料弯曲性能的影响。纤维分布测定结果表明,均匀的基体结构特征利于纤维的分布,同时对于材料组分和加工制作过程完全相同的试件,纤维分布系数越大,试件的弯曲强度与韧性越大;纤维取向分布测定结果表明,乱向分布的纤维当其长度方向与抛光断面方向的角度接近90°分布概率越大,试件的弯曲韧性也越大。     

短纤维增强塑料注射成型中三维纤维取向的数值预测

在建立聚合物熔体在型腔中充填流动以及短纤维取向的数学模型的基础上，对平面薄壁型腔内纤维取向的预测算法加以推广，提出适合于具有任意几何形状的三维薄壁型腔内纤维取向的数值预测技术，并且给出一个熔体充填三维薄壁壳体状型腔的算例，预测的结果与由流动引起的纤维取向定性规律相符合。     

全局矩阵法及其在层状各向异性复合板中Lamb波传播特性研究中的应用

纤维增强复合材料中兰姆波的传播因其在无损评价中的应用而成为广泛研究的课题。一般采用传递矩阵法对各向异性多层媒质进行建模。虽然这种方法较为方便,但在大频厚积时会出现数值不稳定。本文作者对Nafeh的传递矩阵方法进行改进,所得到的全局矩阵方法具有较好的稳定性,其程序能有效地产生兰姆波的频散曲线。纤维增强复合材料中兰姆波的传播受多种因素的影响,层数的影响是其中之一。给出了不同层数复合板中兰姆波的相速度频散曲线以及两个基本模式a₀和s₀沿板厚方向的应力分布。这些数值示例为层状各向异性复合材料板的无损评价提供了理论依据。      

A study on fiber orientation influence on the mechanical response of a short fiber composite structure

This paper deals with the structural analysis of composite materials with non-homogenous orientation of the reinforcement. During this research, a short fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite is studied. In this case, inhomogeneity of the reinforcement orientation caused by injection molding manufacturing process is analyzed. The main objective of the paper is the investigation of an influence of process-induced orientation of the reinforcement on mechanical properties of the material in comparison with unidirectional and random reinforcement orientation. In particular, natural frequencies and transient response of an exemplary composite component are investigated. To specify effective properties of the composite, Mori–Tanaka’s micromechanical model is assumed. Orientation distribution of the reinforcement is determined by injection molding simulation. To determine elastic material properties dependent on non-homogenous orientation of the reinforcement, an orientation averaging procedure is taken into account. Therefore, during this study, effectiveness of the orientation averaging procedure and different closure approximations influence on the results are studied. Orientation averaging results are compared with numerical results obtained by finite element-based homogenization of composites with prescribed second-order orientation tensor. Finally, the obtained material parameters were applied into a macroscale finite element model, and numerical simulation with different boundary conditions was conducted.     

Relationship between fiber orientation/distribution and post-cracking behaviour in ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC)

The relationship between fiber orientation/distribution and post-cracking behaviour in ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) was quantitatively evaluated. A circular UHPFRC panel was cast from its center and prismatic specimens were cut at angles of 0, 30, 60 and 90° between the specimen axis and the radial direction of the panel. The post-cracking behaviour was assessed with three-point bending tests, and fiber orientation/distribution throughout the panel was then evaluated using image analysis and 3D visualization of fiber orientation based on X-ray computed tomography (CT) data. The post-cracking flexural strengths of the specimens cut at angles of 60, 30 and 0° were 80, 40 and 10% of that for the specimens cut at an angle of 90°, indicating perfect linear dependence on the contribution of fibers near the fracture surfaces. Two rectangular UHPFRC panels with a 1:2 width/length ratio were cast, and similar fiber orientation characteristics were found for the circular and rectangular panels.     

The interlaminar crack-tip response in a fiber-reinforced composite laminate

A solution is presented for the problem of an interlaminar crack in a laminated fiber-reinforced composite material. The theory of anisotropic elasticity under a state of generalized plane deformation is employed as a basic framework of this study. In the analytical model, dissimilar anisotropic half-spaces with different fiber orientations which are bound together by a matrix interlayer are considered. The interlayer approximates the matrix-rich interlaminar region containing the crack. The stiffness matrix approach is utilized and the current crack problem is reduced to solving a system of singular integral equations. The singular response of an interlaminar crack to in-plane normal, in-plane shear, and anti-plane shear loadings is evaluated in terms of mixed-mode stress intensity factors. Under each of the leading conditions, the parametric effects of laminate stacking sequence, relative crack size, crack location, and fiber volume fraction are addressed.     

定向分布碳纤维复合材料介电性能研究

以碳纤维为填充物, 环氧树脂为基体, 制备了碳纤维/环氧树脂介电复合材料. 介绍了两种分布方式对复合材料介电性能的影响, 分别研究了两种分布方式的介电常数随碳纤维含量和长度的变化规律. 在2.6–8.2 GHz频率范围内, 轴向介电常数是径向介电常数的数倍; 实部和虚部都随着碳纤维含量的增加而增大; 碳纤维长度也对介电性能的各向异性影响显著. 双层微波传输带模型可以合理地解释这些规律.     

UHMWPE纤维增强聚氨酯泡沫对爆炸冲击波衰减性能的影响

运用实验的方法,研究了超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强聚氨酯泡沫对爆炸冲击波的衰减性能;观察分析了爆炸荷载前后材料的微观结构形态,分析了材料对爆炸冲击波的衰减机理,对实验结果给出了合理的解释。研究表明,UHMWPE纤维高强、高模正好弥补了聚氨酯泡沫塑料的缺陷,以UHMWPE纤维作增强剂制备而成的增强聚氨酯泡沫塑料,能极大地提高材料对爆炸冲击波的衰减性能,在冲击波防护领域有很好的应用前景;同时,纤维长度对材料的衰减爆炸冲击波性能有较大的影响。     

An RVE-based micromechanical analysis of fiber-reinforced composites considering fiber size dependency

An RVE-based micromechanical elastic damage model considering fiber size dependency is presented to predict the effective elastic moduli and interfacial damage evolution in fiber-reinforced composites. To assess the validity of the present model, the predictions based on the proposed micromechanical elastic model are compared with Hashin’s theoretical bounds [Hashin Z. Analysis of properties of fiber composites with anisotropic constituents. J Appl Mech: Trans ASME 1979;46:543–50]. The proposed micromechanical elastic damage model is then exercised under uniaxial loading conditions to show the overall elastic damage behavior of the proposed micromechanical framework and to illustrate fiber size effect on the behavior of the composites. Moreover, comparisons between the present prediction and experimental data are made to further illustrate the capability of the proposed micromechanical framework for predicting the elastic damage behavior of fiber-reinforced composites.     

Mechanical properties of carbon fiber paper reinforced thermoplastics using mixed discontinuous recycled carbon fibers

Market demand for carbon fiber (CF) increases annually. Therefore, owing to the growing amount of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) waste, CFRP manufacturers are attempting to develop and design materials and products by paying greater attention to ecological and economic factors. In this report, recycled CF (rCF) varieties with differing mechanical properties are mixed to determine the possibility of rCF application in future structural materials. 1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 MPa are investigated for proper compression molding pressure. The range of 5–8 MPa is recommended. Mixing different rCFs can control the mechanical properties of the material, which is valuable for current rCF applications. A modified rule of mixture (ROM) is used to discuss flexural modulus and flexural strength. The coefficients for ROM are given for different rCF.     

Mechanical property evaluation of natural fiber coir composite

The fiber which serves as a reinforcement in reinforced plastics may be synthetic or natural. Past studies show that only artificial fibers such as glass, carbon etc., have been used in fiber-reinforced plastics. Although glass and other synthetic fiber-reinforced plastics possess high specific strength, their fields of application are very limited because of their inherent higher cost of production. In this connection, an investigation has been carried out to make use of coir, a natural fiber abundantly available in India. Natural fibers are not only strong and lightweight but also relatively very cheap. In the present work, coir composites are developed and their mechanical properties are evaluated. Scanning electron micrographs obtained from fractured surfaces were used for a qualitative evaluation of the interfacial properties of coir/epoxy and compared with glass fiber/epoxy. These results indicate that coir can be used as a potential reinforcing material for making low load bearing thermoplastic composites.     

基于轻量化目标的发射箱纤维增强材料铺层设计

目的以某型发射箱复合材料箱体为对象,探讨复合材料箱体的纤维增强材料铺层设计方法。方法以箱体质量为控制为目标,运用复合材料层合板力学理论结合有限元分析方法进行纤维增强材料铺层计算。结果将纤维的体积分数控制在43.6%,箱体玻璃纤维布铺层总数量为10层,可实现箱体的质量控制目标为(23±1)kg。结论获得的纤维增强材料铺层方式可有效保证箱体的质量一致性和尺寸控制要求。