基于EEMD的故障微弱信号特征提取研究

总体平均经验模式分解(EEMD)方法是一种先进的时频分析方法,非常适合于对非平稳故障微弱信号的分析处理。文中介绍了EEMD方法的原理与算法实现步骤,重点分析了EEMD方法避免模式混淆的机理。利用EEMD方法对齿轮箱振动信号进行分析,成功提取了小齿轮磨损故障特征,验证了EEMD方法在故障微弱信号特征提取的有效性。     

基于MEMS加速度传感器的轴承故障检测

提出了一种通过利用低成本的MEMS加速度传感器进行振动分析,实现检测电动机深沟球轴承多重故障的简易方法。首先分析了轴承多故障特征频率,然后通过快速傅里叶变换算法对轴承出现故障的电动机振动频率进行了分析,从振动频谱中提取故障频率来诊断轴承多重故障的存在。同时,基频分量周围的边带频率分量表明由于故障轴承存在空气间隙。在空载、单相以及失衡电压条件下通过实验对提出的方法进行了研究,结果显示提取出的故障频率与理论值两者十分接近,表明提出的方法能够有效检测并识别出感应电动机的多故障特征。     

基于EMD包络谱的飞行器健康诊断

针对飞行器结构系统声发射信号的非线性与非平稳特征,为实现飞行器结构部件的有效健康监测,提出了基于经验模态分解包络谱的飞行器健康诊断方法.该法首先对由声发射传感器募集到的飞行器关键部件原始声发射信号进行经验模态分解(EMD),提取其固有频率段的固有模态函数(IMF)信息,然后运用Hilbert变换对其进行处理得到各IMF的包络信号,由此可得其包络谱.通过包络谱的特征信息便可实现对飞行器结构部件的健康诊断.将该方法应用于某飞机真实水平尾翼疲劳试验所募集的声发射信号,结果表明,该法可监测出飞行器水平尾翼的健康状态,适用于飞行器结构部件的健康监测.     

强干扰下非平稳跳频信号高分辨测试技术研究

为了提高对强电磁辐射干扰下的非平稳跳频信号检测性能,提出一种基于时频分析的非平稳跳频信号高分辨测试技术.采用短时傅立叶变换构建非平稳信号的时频分析模型,把信号划分成许多小的时间间隔,在时间轴连续滑动窗口上对信号进行固有模态分解,提取非平稳跳频信号的Hilbert谱特征,谱特征有效反映了信号的幅值在整个频率段上随频率的变化情况,从而找出信号中跳变的频率分量,实现信号高分辨测试.仿真结果表明,采用该方法在强干扰条件下进行信号测试,信号输出的分辨能力较强,准确检测概率较高,性能优于传统方法.     

Detection of changes of signal structure by using the Wigner-Ville spectrum

An efficient estimation of the Wigner-Ville spectrum of non-stationary processes requires the segmentation of the observed signals into locally stationary signals. We present a detection procedure of such a segmentation based on the pseudo-Wigner estimates. These estimates are known to be uncorrelated estimates of the Wigner-Ville spectrum for neighboured, appropriately spaced frequencies. Therefore, a detection using the pseudo-Wigner estimates can be designed for detection of non-stationarities in any specified band of frequencies. The procedure is based on a subset regression approach and comes up with an informal Akaike type of criterion as a detector of changes of the signal structure. The performance of this detector is evaluated by a simulation study. It works especially well in the case of amplitude and frequency changes of deterministic signals in white noise. Examples dealing with the analysis of biological clocks and their non-stationary properties indicate the successful application of the method.     

基于集合经验模态分解敏感固有模态函数选择算法的滚动轴承状态识别方法

为了更有效地提取滚动轴承各状态振动信号的特征,该文提出了一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)的敏感固有模态函数(IMF)选择算法。该算法对振动信号经EEMD分解后得到的固有模态函数采用峭度值、相关系数相结合的方法自动提取其敏感分量,以此获得振动信号的初始特征。再运用奇异值分解和自回归(AR)模型方法得到滚动轴承各状态振动信号的特征向量,并将其输入到改进的超球多类支持向量机中进行智能识别,从而实现滚动轴承的正常状态,不同故障类型及不同性能退化程度的各状态识别。实验结果表明,相比基于经验模态分解结合自回归模型或奇异值分解的特征提取方法,该方法可更有效地提取滚动轴承故障特征信息,且识别精度更高。     

振动载荷下面向电子设备PHM的板级封装潜在故障分析方法

面向电子设备故障预测与健康管理（Prognostics and Health Management,PHM）,基于自适应谱峭度与核概率距离聚类提出一种振动载荷下板级封装潜在故障特征提取与模式辨识方法。首先,基于最大谱峭度原则利用经验模态分解的方法对电子组件的应变响应数据进行滤波,计算并重构包含潜在故障信息的包络谱形成故障征兆向量;其次,应用高斯径向基核函数概率距离方法,将非线性故障征兆数据映射到高维Hilbert空间,对其进行聚类分析形成表征板级封装健康状态与各故障模式的类中心;最后,根据实时监测的板级封装的包络谱数据计算与各中心的概率距离,判断其所属的状态从而实现对封装故障模式的早期辨识。通过试验分析,该方法可以有效辨识与预测板级封装即将发生的故障模式,为实现电子设备PHM提供了一种新式的思路与手段。     

An amplitude Modulation detector for fault diagnosis in rolling element bearings

The purpose of this research is to identify single-point defects in rolling element bearings. These defects produce characteristic fault frequencies that appear in the machine vibration and tend to modulate the machine's frequencies of mechanical resonance. An amplitude modulation (AM) detector is developed to identify these interactions and detect the bearing fault while it is still in an incipient stage of development (i.e., to detect the instances of AM when the magnitude of the characteristic fault frequency itself is not significant). Use of this detector only requires machine vibration from one sensor and knowledge of the bearing characteristic fault frequencies. Computer simulations as well as machine vibration data from bearings containing outer race faults are used to confirm the proficiency of this proposed technique.     

基于TVF-EMD的乐器音质特征分析方法及其应用

音质（Timbre）是音乐感知和言语识别的重要线索。传统音质分析方法无法同时获取理想的时间分辨率和频域分辨率,对音频的非平稳特性没有很好地处理。本文采用时变滤波经验模态分解（Time Varying Filtering based EMD,TVF-EMD）方法提取音频的固有模态函数用于希尔伯特变换,并构建了音质的希尔伯特频谱分布特征和希尔伯特轮廓特征。在乐器分类问题中,将提取的两类音质特征与Mel倒谱系数特征（Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients, MFCCs）有效结合,然后构造基于双向长短时记忆网络的音质时序分类器,在公开乐器演奏音频数据库中进行了乐器分类实验。结果表明,所提出的音质特征可以有效补充Mel倒谱特征等传统特征无法表达的非线性非平稳信息,大大提高了本音质表征方法对复杂音频的适应性和鲁棒性。      

基于小波包分析的高速牵引电机轴承故障诊断研究

简析高速牵引电机轴承故障类型,介绍了LabVIEW和Matlab小波包相结合所开发的高速牵引电机轴承故障诊断测试软件平台。基于此平台,利用高速牵引电机轴承试验站对已知损伤轴承运转产生振动信号的拾取与采集,通过对信号进行小波包分解画出频谱能量图,再经过yulewalk多通带滤波器滤波,然后提取特征故障频率进行故障识别。试验结果验证了其可行性。     

基于局部频谱的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法

滚动轴承振动信号是非线性、非平稳信号,如何对复杂的非周期滚动轴承数据进行准确特征提取十分具有挑战性.本文提出一种基于局部频谱的轴承数据特征提取方法.该方法将预处理得到的分割点与频谱分析结合起来,构建了数据的局部化特征,确定了局部频率的定义以及时频域的构造方法,并对局部频谱进行特征提取.实验表明,该方法克服了希尔伯特变换仅适合描述窄带信号的局限性,并弥补傅里叶全局频率只对无限波动周期信号才具有明显价值的缺陷.减少虚假频率产生的同时,兼容了时域和频域的分析能力,为非线性非平稳滚动轴承时域数据的特征提取提供了一种新方法,在滚动轴承故障诊断方面有很高的实用价值.     

Fault dictionary based switched current circuit fault diagnosis using entropy as a preprocessor

A novel method based on a fault dictionary that uses entropy as a preprocessor to diagnose faulty behavior in switched current (SI) circuit is presented in the paper. The proposed method uses a data acquisition board to extract the original signal form the output terminals of the circuit-under-tests. These original data are fed to the preprocessors for feature extraction and finds out the entropies of the signals which are a quantitative measure of the information contained in the signals. The proposed method has the capability to detect and identify faulty transistors in SI circuit by analyzing its output signals with high accuracy. Using entropy of signals to preprocess the circuit response drastically reduces the size of fault dictionary, minimizing fault detect time and simplifying fault dictionary architecture. The result from our examples showed that entropies of the signals fall on different range when the faulty transistors^` Transconductance G_m value varying within their tolerances of 5 or 10%, thus we can identify the faulty transistors correctly when the response do not overlap. The average accuracy of fault recognition achieved is more than 95% although there are some overlapping data when tolerance is considered. The method can classify not only parametric faults but also catastrophic faults. It is applicable to analog circuits as well as SI ones. A low-pass and a band-pass SI filter and a Clock feedthrough cancellation circuit have been used as test beached to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. A comparison of our work with Yuan et al. (IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 59(3):586–595, 2010), which used entropy and kurtosis as preprocessors, reveals that our method requiring one feature parameter reduces the computation and fault diagnosis time.     

一种结合正弦参数提取和MDCT滤波器组的频谱优化方法

通过研究信号中正弦成分对改进的离散余弦变换(MDCT)的频谱产生的影响，针对使用MDCT滤波器组的音频编码系统，结合正弦参数提取，提出了一种对MDCT频谱进行优化的方法。这种方法利用MDCT和离散傅里里变换(DFT)之间的关系，在提取正弦参数的基础之上，通过简单线性变换求得MDCT谱，并在频域分离信号中的部分准静态正弦．从而达到优化MDCT频谱的目的。     

基于小波包和Hilbert包络分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

滚动轴承故障诊断是机械故障检测中的一个重要方面。本文提出了一种小波包分析和Hilbert包络分析相结合的方法对轴承进行故障诊断。首先利用小波包分析将滚动轴承的振动信号分解到不同的节点上。然后求出各频段的能量,根据频带能量的变化情况,找出滚动轴承的故障所在的频带,对故障频带的重构信号做包络谱分析,将谱峰处的频率与滚动轴承的故障特征频率进行对比。诊断出滚动轴承的故障。通过对实验中采集到的滚动轴承振动信号进行分析,证明了该方法在滚动轴承故障诊断中的有效性。     

基于降维循环谱的特征提取与目标识别

在日益复杂的电磁环境中,如何提取有效特征是解决目标识别难题的一个关键。通过对目标信号的分析,发现它们虽呈现非平稳性,但却具有循环平稳性。因此,循环谱在分析此类信号方面具有优越的潜力,但是采用循环谱通常导致高维问题。针对这个问题,这里提出了降维循环谱的特征提取与目标识别方法,该方法以循环谱的相同频率点在不同循环频率下的相关性作为识别特征,并用主成分分析方法对该特征降维。实验结果表明,基于降维循环谱的方法具有很好的鲁棒性。     

Induction machine fault detection using SOM-based RBF neural networks

A radial-basis-function (RBF) neural-network-based fault detection system is developed for performing induction machine fault detection and analysis. Four feature vectors are extracted from power spectra of machine vibration signals. The extracted features are inputs of an RBF-type neural network for fault identification and classification. The optimal network architecture of the RBF network is determined automatically by our proposed cell-splitting grid algorithm. This facilitates the conventional laborious trial-and-error procedure in establishing an optimal architecture. In this paper, the proposed RBF machine fault diagnostic system has been intensively tested with unbalanced electrical faults and mechanical faults operating at different rotating speeds. The proposed system is not only able to detect electrical and mechanical faults, but the system is also able to estimate the extent of faults.     

一种非平稳非线性频谱占用度时间序列分析方法

针对传统频谱占用度分析模型由于未考虑序列的非线性非平稳特性,导致无法准确描述频谱占用度特性的问题,该文提出将集合经验模式分解(EEMD)方法与人工神经网络(ANN)的方法结合应用于频谱占用度时间序列建模方法中,采用EEMD+ANN的频谱占用度序列建模和预测方法.首先应用EEMD分解算法把原始频谱占用度时间序列分解成不同尺度的基本模态分量,再根据不同尺度的基本模态分量分别构建ANN模型,提高了模型针对复杂频谱占用度时间序列的学习能力.结合实测数据分析,表明该模型相对传统频谱占用度模型具有更高的拟合和预测精度,验证了该方法的正确性与有效性.     

A constrained notch Fourier transform

The paper presents a new sliding algorithm for estimating the amplitude and phase of the Fourier coefficients of noise corrupted harmonic signals given a priori knowledge of the signal frequencies. The proposed method is similar in principle to the notch Fourier transform (NFT) technique suggested by Tadokoro et al. [1987] except that it employs an infinite impulse response (IIR) rather than a finite impulse response (FIR) notch filter parameterization. This modification provides bandwidth controlled bandpass (BP) filters whose center frequencies are equally spaced in the frequency spectrum. In this sense, the proposed technique can be regarded as a constrained notch Fourier transform (CNFT). Sliding algorithms have been derived for both the NFT and CNFT for the purpose of estimating the Fourier coefficients of the sinusoidal components. The paper also proposes a similar algorithm to the CNFT for the signals containing sinusoids at arbitrary known frequencies. The main feature of the modified CNFT is that it uses second-order IIR BP filters whose bandwidth and center frequency can be adjusted independently. The bandwidth control aspect provides the user with an efficient means of achieving the required resolution as well as reducing spectral leakage. In general, the proposed approach leads to considerable reduction in terms of computational burden and memory storage     

Detecting motor bearing faults

Three-phase induction motors are the workhorses of industry because of their widespread use. They are used extensively for heating, cooling, refrigeration, pumping, conveyors, and similar applications. They offer users simple, rugged construction, easy maintenance, and cost-effective pricing. These factors have promoted standardization and development of a manufacturing infrastructure that has led to a vast installed base of motors; more than 90% of all motors used in industry worldwide are ac induction motors. Causes of motor failures are bearing faults, insulation faults, and rotor faults. Early detection of bearing faults allows replacement of the bearings, rather than replacement of the motor. The same type of bearing defects that plague such larger machines as 100 hp are mirrored in lower hp machines which has the same type of bearings. Even though the replacement of defective bearings is the cheapest fix among the three causes of failure, it is the most difficult one to detect. Motors that are in continuous use cannot be stopped for analysis. We have developed a circuit monitor for these motors. Incipient bearing failures are detectable by the presence of characteristic machine vibration frequencies associated with the various modes of bearing failure. We will show that circuit monitors that we developed can detect these frequencies using wavelet packet decomposition and a radial basis neural network. This device monitors an induction motor's current and defines a bearing failure.     

基于改进EEMD的穿墙雷达动目标微多普勒特性分析

穿墙雷达动目标探测中人的心跳、呼吸、手臂摆动等运动的微多普勒信号是非线性、非平稳信号,可以采用经验模式分解(EMD)对其进行时频分析。由于EMD分解存在模式混合问题,该文提出一种改进的整体平均经验模式分解(EEMD)方法,并将其应用于穿墙雷达人的运动微多普勒特性分析中,并且对分解后的每个本征模式函数(IMF)进行Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT),得到信号的时间-频率-能量谱。仿真数据和实验结果分析均表明,改进的EEMD方法不仅能够有效消除EMD中的模式混合问题,将人运动微多普勒信号中的不同频率尺度分解在不同的IMF中,而且还能够有效抑制原始信号中的噪声,提高信噪比,得到更精细、更清晰的时频分布。