Hyperthermia and Cancer Therapy: A Review of Biomedical Engineering Contributions and Challenges

In this paper, we attempt to give an overview of the status of hyperthermia as a modality for cancer treatment from an engineer's point of view. By hyperthermia we mean elevating the tumor tissue to the temperature range of 42-50°C and holding it at this temperature for 30 min-1 h. We give a brief history of the field, some comments on the biological rationale, and a survey of present methods for producing hyperthermia using electromagnetic and ultrasonic techniques. Finally, we give some comments on the success of present systems in achieving the specifications set by the clinicians and suggest some fundamental problems we feel need to be solved if hyperthermia is going to be able to make a contribution to the cure and control of this disease.     

Back to Basics: Exploiting the Innate Physico‐chemical Characteristics of Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

In nanomedicine design, emphasis is centered on the engineered impacts of the nanomaterials (NMs). However, failure to understand the unintended effects of nanomaterials on the cell biology can affect the overall performance, approval, and adoption in the clinic. Much of these unintended effects arise from unique physico‐chemical properties of the NMs. This feature article discusses some of the key physico‐chemical parameters of NMs and highlights how they could cause unexpected and novel biological responses, with some insights into their underlying mechanisms.     

电路板爬行腐蚀对云算及电子产品的挑战与威胁

电路板爬行腐蚀的现象是造成电子产品失效的常见因素.爬行腐蚀通常可发生在系统端、电路板以及连接器和组件上,主要是因为电子产品暴露在含有高硫化物的相对潮湿的环境中.将主要针对非阻焊设计的电路板,探讨三种不同表面处理(ImAg沉银、Post-Treatment ImAg抗氧沉银和HT OSP高温型有机保焊膜)经过四种混和气体(H2S、SO2、NO2和Cl2)腐蚀的加速试验后,所形成的爬行腐蚀现象.     

Advancements and Challenges in Potassium Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review

Demand for energy in day to day life is increasing exponentially. However, existing energy storage technologies like lithium ion batteries cannot stand alone to fulfill future needs. In this regard, potassium ion batteries (KIBs) that utilize K ions in their charge storage mechanism have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties and are therefore established as one of the future battery systems of interest among the scientific community. Nevertheless, the development and identification of appropriate electrode materials is very essential for practical applications. This review features the current development in KIBs electrode and electrolyte materials, the present challenges facing this technology (in the commercial aspect), and future aspects to develop fully functional KIBs. The potassium storage mechanisms, evolution of the KIBs, and the advantages and disadvantages of each category of materials are included. Additionally, various approaches to enhance the electrochemical performances of KIBs are also discussed. This review is not only an amalgamation of different viewpoints in literature, but also contains concise perspectives and strategies. Moreover, the potential emergence of a novel class of K‐based dual ion batteries is also analyzed for the first time.     

Personal and Organizational Strategies for Handling Job Stress: A Review of Research and Opinion

The medical and psychological literature pertaining to personal and organizational strategies for handling job stress is reviewed. The paucity of research in this domain is emphasized as is the lack of involvement by industrial/organizational psychologists. Many strategies for managing job stress exist but their effectiveness has not been evaluated. It is important that such strategies receive the immediate, scientific attention of I/O psychologists. Issues that must be faced before significant progress can be achieved are discussed.     

Internet of Things (IoT), Applications and Challenges: A Comprehensive Review

Wireless Personal Communications - During recent years, one of the most familiar names scaling new heights and creating a benchmark in the world is the Internet of Things (IoT). It is indeed the...     

A Review on the Security of the Internet of Things: Challenges and Solutions

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a modern wave of Internet technologies that promises great transformation of life in areas such as smart health, smart cities, smart homes, intelligent transport, amongst others. However, security often serves as a critical reason for the widespread adoption of any innovation. While the IoT has increased business productivity and enriched diverse areas of life over the years, the world is yet to see a methodical revolution of its humongous application and transformation given its ubiquity and highly interconnected global network structure. The main culprit for such lapses is principally attributed to security and privacy issues which have been widely discussed in research articles and reviews but remain largely unaddressed in the literature. Hence, this paper provides a state-of-the-art review of IoT security and its challenges. It overviews technical and legal solutions that are useful to private, organizational, and governmental enterprises. The study encompasses the review and security analysis of IoT’s evolution and revolution, IoT security assessments, requirements, current research challenges in security and much more. Consequently, it offers potential solutions to address the security challenges discussed and further present open research issues, research gaps, opportunities, future development, and recommendations. This overview is intended to serve as a knowledgebase that will proffer novel foresight to guide users and administrators in positioning themselves and their organizations in a manner that is consistent with their overall objectives, mission, and vision for remarkable outcomes. Likewise, interested scholars and researchers can explore topics and directions from the study in providing better solutions to the numerous problems in IoT security.

     

A Review of Design and Fabrication Methods for Nanoparticle Network Hydrogels for Biomedical,Environmental, and Industrial Applications

Nanoparticle network hydrogels (NNHs) in which nanoparticles are used as a key building block to build the gel network have attracted significant interest given their potential to leverage the favorable properties of both hydrogels (e.g., hydrophilicity, tunable pore sizes, mechanics, etc.) and a variety of different nanoparticles (e.g., high surface area, chemical activity, independently tunable porosity, mechanics) to create new functional materials. Herein, recent progress in the design and use of NNHs is comprehensively reviewed, with an emphasis on defining the typical gel morphologies/architectures that can be achieved with NNHs, the typical crosslinking approaches used to fabricate NNHs, the fundamental properties and functional benefits of NNHs, and the reported applications of NNHs in electronics (flexible electronics, sensors), environmental (sorbents, separations), agriculture, self-cleaning-materials, and biomedical (drug delivery, tissue engineering) applications. In particular, the way in which the NNH structure is applied to improve the performance of the hydrogel in each application is emphasized, with the aim to develop a set of principles that can be used to rationally design NNHs for future uses.     

A Review of Transmission Rate over Wireless Fading Channels: Classifications,Applications, and Challenges

To address the explosive traffic demands, the capacity of the fading channel is increasingly becoming a prime concern in the designing of the wireless communication system. The channel capacity is an extremely important quantity, since it allows the transmission of the data through the channel with an arbitrarily small probability of error. In other words, capacity dictates the maximum rate of information transmission, called as ‘capacity’ of channel, determined by the intrinsic properties of the channel and is independent of the content of the transmitted information. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the existing work related to the channel capacity model over various fading channels. With an elaborated explanation of the theory of channel capacity, definitions of channel capacity based on the channel state information are reviewed. To compliment this, review of the technique to enhance the channel capacity is discussed and reviewed. An effective capacity model to overcome the channel capacity limitation is also explained. Furthermore, as the secure transmission of data is of utmost importance, to address this physical layer security model is also reviewed. We also summarize the work related to channel capacity in various types of wireless networks. We finally cover the future research directions, including less explored aspects of the channel capacity that can be studied to design efficient communication systems.

     

A Review on the Status and Challenges of Cathodes in Room-Temperature Na-S Batteries

The cathode materials for sodium-sulfur batteries have attracted great attention since cathode is one of the important components of the sodium-sulfur battery, and there are cathode materials that have high capacity, non-toxicity, and cost-efficiency. Nevertheless, due to their low Coulombic efficiency and proneness to cycling decay, the practical application of the sodium–sulfur battery has always been suppressed. In terms of the responsibility of these problems, the polysulfide shuttle and the sluggish kinetics are the main culprits. To address these issues, impeding the notorious reaction between polysulfide intermediates on the cathode and improve the kinetics reaction on the anode are extremely important. Herein, a comprehensive review is prepared of different approaches to increasing the electrochemical performance and strengthening the stability of cathodes. The influences of various choices and the consequent properties of the cathode in relation to the whole sodium–sulfur battery performance is investigated. Finally, the current research challenges related to cathodes for sodium–sulfur batteries and future perspectives are also discussed.     

一种舰载有源相控阵雷达天线舱腐蚀控制防护工艺研究

针对海用环境下一种舰载有源相控阵雷达天线舱的腐蚀控制防护设计展开论述,从改善天线舱工作环境、天线舱框架主要材料选择、密封设计、涂覆体系等方面进行控制防护,满足舰载有源相控阵雷达腐蚀控制防护设计的总体需求。     

Recruitment and Retention for Community‐Based eHealth Interventions with Populations of Low Socioeconomic Position: Strategies and Challenges

Given persistent communication inequalities, it is important to develop interventions to improve Internet and health literacy among underserved populations. These goals drove the Click to Connect project, a community‐based eHealth intervention that provided novice computer users of low socioeconomic position with broadband Internet access, training classes, a Web portal, and technical support. In this article, we describe the strategies used to recruit and retain this population, the budgetary implications of such strategies, and the challenges and successes we encountered. Results suggest that personal contact between study staff and participants and provision of in‐depth technical support were central to successful recruitment and retention. Such investments are essential to realize the promise of eHealth with underserved populations.     

基于压缩感知的贪婪类重构算法原子识别策略综述

在压缩感知(CS)重构算法中,贪婪类算法因其硬件实现的简易性与良好的恢复精度得到了广泛研究,但算法多样化的同时出现了算法选择困难的问题。原子识别策略作为贪婪类算法的核心,其差异往往决定了算法重构性能的优劣。该文以贪婪类算法最关键的一环原子识别作为研究对象,对贪婪类重构算法的原子识别策略进行了提取与分类。根据不同策略的适用阶段和特点归纳提炼出3种一步式原子识别策略、8种进阶式原子识别策略以及3种稀疏度自适应原子识别策略。最后对原子识别策略所对应原始算法的重构性能进行了分类仿真对比。整理后的策略方便于实际应用中对算法的选择,同时为贪婪类重构算法的进一步优化提供了参考。     

多模块互联电力电子系统 特性研究进展

由多个具有独立和完整功能的电力电子变流器通过相互级联和并联的方法连接起来，已经成为构成现代各种先进的复杂电力电子系统的基本形式。现有的电力电子技术体系大都是讨论单个变流器与简单特性的电源或负载之间的相互作用并进行相应的分析和设计的，对多模块（变流器）互联而成的电力电子系统中变流器之间的相互作用（包括级联时电源变流器和负载变流器之间的相互作用、并联变流器之间的相互作用等）以及由这种相互作用表现出来的整个电力电子系统的特性，亟待进行深入的认识和研究。本文将概述在多模块互联电力电子系统的稳定性和动态特性领域国际上近年来的发展历史和现状，并汇报总结作者所在的课题组近年来在该领域所取得的成果。     

Advanced Functional Structure‐Based Sensing and Imaging Strategies for Cancer Detection: Possibilities,Opportunities, Challenges,and Prospects

Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the world. The principal limitations thus far encountered in the clinical practice of probing cancer are diverse and include low sensitivity, time consumption, bulkiness, and cost. In this respect, nanomaterial (NM)‐based sensing techniques are recognized as a superior alternative to efficiently resolve such limitations. A better understanding of NM‐based sensing platforms is thus important so that these novel avenues can easily be explored for clinical applications. These platforms have the merits of high sensitivity, high specificity, rapid response, and easy‐to‐read signals. This review offers a comprehensive survey of NM‐based advanced cancer‐sensing techniques and will help the scientific community establish optimum sensing strategies based on an accurate assessment of the interactions between cancer biomarkers and NM‐based platforms.     

Design for Stability of High-Speed Integrated Photoreceivers: A Tutorial

We propose a Design for Stability (DFS) methodology dedicated to the design of reliable high-speed integrated photoreceiver front-ends. This methodology based on the stability factor, S-parameters and Z-parameters analysis is made of four rules that high-speed designers will apply during the stability check of their design. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the proposed DFS methodology was applied to build a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) compliant to Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) OC-192 (10-Gb/s) standard. Experimental results in agreement with initial design specifications show excellent performances such as: 11 GHz bandwidth, −20 dBm sensitivity measured at 10-Gb/s for a Bit Error Rate (BER) of 10^{− 9} and 10 ps peak-to-peak jitter.     

Security & Privacy in Software Defined Networks,Issues, Challenges and Cost of Developed Solutions: A Systematic Literature Review

International Journal of Wireless Information Networks - Due to fast development in digital systems, the traditional network architecture is becoming inadequate for the requirements of new...     

Strategies and techniques for node placement in wireless sensor networks: A survey

The major challenge in designing wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is the support of the functional, such as data latency, and the non-functional, such as data integrity, requirements while coping with the computation, energy and communication constraints. Careful node placement can be a very effective optimization means for achieving the desired design goals. In this paper, we report on the current state of the research on optimized node placement in WSNs. We highlight the issues, identify the various objectives and enumerate the different models and formulations. We categorize the placement strategies into static and dynamic depending on whether the optimization is performed at the time of deployment or while the network is operational, respectively. We further classify the published techniques based on the role that the node plays in the network and the primary performance objective considered. The paper also highlights open problems in this area of research.