Layer Sliding And Twisting Induced Electronic Transitions In Correlated Magnetic 1t-Nbse2 Bilayers

Correlated 2D layers, like 1T-phases of TaS₂, TaSe₂, and NbSe₂, exhibit rich tunability through varying interlayer couplings, which promotes the understanding of electron correlation in the 2D limit. However, the coupling mechanism is, so far, poorly understood and is tentatively ascribed to interactions among the ${\mathrm{d}}_{{\mathrm{z}}^2}$orbitals of Ta or Nb atoms. Here, it is theoretically shown that the interlayer hybridization and localization strength of interfacial Se p_z orbitals, rather than Nb ${\mathrm{d}}_{z^2}$orbitals, govern the variation of electron-correlated properties upon interlayer sliding or twisting in correlated magnetic 1T-NbSe₂ bilayers. Each of the layers is in a star-of-David (SOD) charge-density-wave phase. Geometric and electronic structures and magnetic properties of 28 different stacking configurations are examined and analyzed using density-functional-theory calculations. It is found that the SOD contains a localized region, in which interlayer Se p_z hybridization plays a paramount role in varying the energy levels of the two Hubbard bands. These variations lead to three electronic transitions among four insulating states, which demonstrate the effectiveness of interlayer interactions to modulate correlated magnetic properties in a prototypical correlated magnetic insulator.     

3D Reconstruction of Sawtooth 180° Tail-to-Tail Domain Walls in Single Crystal BiFeO3

Previous studies of single crystal BiFeO₃ have found a dense domain structure with alternating sawtooth and flat domain walls (DWs). The nature of these domains and their 3D structure has remained elusive to date. Herein, several sections taken at different orientations are used to examine the structure in detail, concentrating here on the sawtooth DWs using diffraction contrast transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). All DWs are found to be 180° type; the flat walls have head-to-head polarity while the sawtooth DWs are tail-to-tail with peaks elongated along the polar [111] axis, formed by neutral ($11\overline{2}$) DW facets and slightly charged facets with orientations close to ($3\overline{2}1$) and ($\overline{2}31$). The neutral DW facets are Ising type and very abrupt, while the charged DW facets have mixed Néel/Bloch/Ising character with a chiral nature and a width of about 2 nm.     

Limitations of the Tauc Plot Method

The Tauc plot is a method originally developed to derive the optical gap of amorphous semiconductors such as amorphous germanium or silicon. By measuring the absorption coefficient α(hν) and plotting ${(\alpha hv)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ versus photon energy hν, a value for the optical gap (Tauc gap) is determined. In this way non-direct optical transitions between approximately parabolic bands can be examined. In the last decades, a modification of this method for (poly-) crystalline semiconductors has become popular to study direct and indirect interband transitions. For this purpose, (ahν)ⁿ (n = $\frac{1}{2}$, 2) is plotted against hν to determine a value of the electronic bandgap. Due to the ease of performing UV–vis measurements, this method has nowadays become a standard to analyze various (poly-) crystalline solids, regardless of their different electronic structure. Although this leads partially to widely varying values of the respective bandgap of nominally identical materials, there is still no study that critically questions which peculiarities in the electronic structure prevent a use of the Tauc plot for (poly-) crystalline solids and to which material classes this applies. This study aims to close this gap by discussing the Tauc plot and its limiting factors for exemplary (poly-) crystalline solids with different electronic structures.     

Giant Electric Field-Induced Strain with High Temperature-Stability in Textured KNN-Based Piezoceramics for Actuator Applications

Large-strain (K,Na)NbO₃ (KNN) based piezoceramics are attractive for next-generation actuators because of growing environmental concerns. However, inferior performance with poor temperature stability greatly hinders their industrialized procedure. Herein, a feasible strategy is proposed by introducing ${\mathrm{V}}_{\text{K/Na}}^{{}^{\prime }}$-${\mathrm{V}}_{\stackrel{\mathrm{..}}{\mathrm{O}}}$ defect dipoles and constructing grain orientation to enhance the strain performance and temperature stability of KNN-based piezoceramics. This textured ceramics with 90.3% texture degree exhibit a giant strain (1.35%) and a large converse piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃^* (2700 pm V⁻¹), outperforming most lead-free piezoceramics and even some single crystals. Meanwhile, the strain deviation at high temperature of 100 °C–200 °C is obviously alleviated from 61% to 35% through texture engineering. From the perspective of practical applications, piezo-actuators are commonly utilized in the form of multilayer. In order to illustrate the applicability on multilayer actuators, a stack-type actuator consisted of 5 layers of 0.4 mm thick ceramics is fabricated. It can generate large field-induced displacement (11.6 µm), and the promising potential in precise positioning and optical modulation are further demonstrated. This work provides a textured KNN-based piezoceramic with temperature-stable giant strain properties, and facilitates the lead-free piezoceramic materials in actuator applications.     

Does Salt Concentration Matter? New Insights on the Intercalation Behavior of PF6−${\rm{PF}}_6^ - $ into Graphite Cathode for the Dual-Ion Battery

A high-concentration electrolyte is favored in dual-ion batteries (DIBs) due to the lower onset potential for anion intercalation, higher specific discharge capacity, and better oxidation stability. Inspired by the correlation between the high-concentration electrolytes and localized high-concentration electrolytes, it is suspected that it is not the salt concentration but the solution structure of the electrolyte that determines the intercalation behavior of anion into graphite cathode. To prove the viewpoint, a series of electrolytes are prepared by controlling the salt concentration or solution structure and the intercalation behavior of $P{F}_6^{-}$ within the graphite cathode is investigated in Li||graphite and graphite||graphite cells. It is found that $P{F}_6^{-}$ anions exhibit similar onset potentials and specific discharge capacities in the electrolytes with different salt concentrations but similar solution structures. This study provides a new perspective on designing promising electrolytes for DIBs, which can accelerate the further exploitation of high-performance DIBs.     

Promoting “Strong Adsorption” and “Fast Conversion” of Polysulfides in Li-S batteries Based on Conductive Sulfides Host with Hollow Prism Structure and Surface Defects

The chemical binding between metal compounds and polysulfides provides a good solution to inhibit shuttle effect in Li-S batteries. However, the Sabatier principle predicts that overly strong adsorption will commonly hinder the conversion of polysulfides, so building the synergetic effect mechanism between “strong adsorption” and “fast conversion” for polysulfides is a significant strategy. To realize this goal, in this study, the defect-enriched Co₉S₈ hollow prisms (DHCPs) as both S host and catalyst material for Li-S batteries are designed. Based on in situ UV–vis spectroscopy results, it is found that DHCPs can profitably promote the generation of ${\mathrm{S}}_3^{·-}$ radicals during the discharge process. In the case of the relatively high conversion barrier of “liquid–liquid” reaction, the generated ${\mathrm{S}}_3^{·-}$ radicals are responsible for the fast conversion reaction via a unique reaction pathway. When the sulfur loading is 4.63 mg cm⁻², the cell with DHCP/S cathode delivers a high areal capacity of 4.75 mAh cm⁻² at 0.1 C and keeps a high capacity of 2.99 mAh cm⁻² after 100 cycles at 0.5 C. This study provides a positive attempt to achieve “strong adsorption” and “fast conversion” of polysulfides simultaneously, which will convincingly boost the development and practical process of Li-S batteries.     

2D Porous Polymers with sp2‐Carbon Connections and Sole sp2‐Carbon Skeletons

2D porous polymers with a planar architecture and high specific surface area have significant applications potential, such as for photocatalysis, electrochemical catalysis, gas storage and separation, and sensing. Such 2D porous polymers have generally been classified as 2D metal–organic frameworks, 2D covalent organic frameworks, graphitic carbon nitride, graphdiyne, and sandwich‐like porous polymer nanosheets. Among these, 2D porous polymers with sp²‐hybridized carbon ( $C_{s{p}^2}$) bonding are an emerging field of interest. Compared with 2D porous polymers linked by B? O, C?N, or C?C bonds, $C_{s{p}^2}$‐linked 2D porous polymers exhibit extended electron delocalization resulting in unique optical/electrical properties, as well as high chemical/photostability and tunable electrochemical performance. Furthermore, such 2D porous polymers are one of the best precursors for the fabrication of 2D porous carbon materials and carbon skeletons with atomically dispersed transition‐metal active sites. Herein, rational synthetic approaches for 2D porous polymers with $C_{s{p}^2}$ bonding are summarized. Their current practical photoelectric applications, including for gas separation, luminescent sensing and imaging, electrodes for batteries and supercapacitors, and photocatalysis are also discussed.     

Calibration-Free and High-Sensitivity Microwave Detectors Based on InAs/InP Nanowire Double Quantum Dots

At the cutting-edge of microwave detection technology, novel approaches which exploit the interaction between microwaves and quantum devices are rising. In this study, microwaves are efficiently detected exploiting the unique transport features of InAs/InP nanowire double quantum dot-based devices, suitably configured to allow the precise and calibration-free measurement of the local field. Prototypical nanoscale detectors are operated both at zero and finite source-drain bias, addressing and rationalizing the microwave impact on the charge stability diagram. The detector performance is addressed by measuring its responsivity, quantum efficiency and noise equivalent power that, upon impedance matching optimization, are estimated to reach values up to ≈2000 A W⁻¹, 0.04 and ≈${10}^{-16}\mathrm{W}/\sqrt{Hz}$, respectively. The interaction mechanism between the microwave field and the quantum confined energy levels of the double quantum dots is unveiled and it is shown that these semiconductor nanostructures allow the direct assessment of the local intensity of the microwave field without the need for any calibration tool. Thus, the reported nanoscale devices based on III-V nanowire heterostructures represent a novel class of calibration-free and highly sensitive probes of microwave radiation, with nanometer-scale spatial resolution, that may foster the development of novel high-performance microwave circuitries.     

Strain Anisotropy Driven Spontaneous Formation of Nanoscrolls from 2D Janus Layers

2D Janus transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted attention due to their emergent properties arising from broken mirror symmetry and self-driven polarization fields. While it has been proposed that their vdW superlattices hold the key to achieving superior properties in piezoelectricity and photovoltaic, available synthesis has ultimately limited their realization. Here, the first packed vdW nanoscrolls made from Janus TMDs through a simple one-drop solution technique are reported. The results, including ab initio simulations, show that the Bohr radius difference between the top sulfur and the bottom selenium atoms within Janus ${\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{Se}}^{\mathrm{S}}$ (M = Mo, W) results in a permanent compressive surface strain that acts as a nanoscroll formation catalyst after small liquid interaction. Unlike classical 2D layers, the surface strain in Janus TMDs can be engineered from compressive to tensile by placing larger Bohr radius atoms on top (${\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{Se}})$to yield inverted C scrolls. Detailed microscopy studies offer the first insights into their morphology and readily formed Moiré lattices. In contrast, spectroscopy and FETs studies establish their excitonic and device properties and highlight significant differences compared to 2D flat Janus TMDs. These results introduce the first polar Janus TMD nanoscrolls and introduce inherent strain-driven scrolling dynamics as a catalyst to create superlattices.     

Enhanced Stability and Narrowed D-Band Gap of Ce-Doped Co3O4 for Rechargeable Aqueous Zn-Air Battery

It remains challenging to achieve further breakthroughs in the development of durable bifunctional air cathode electrocatalysts for increasing the cycling life of rechargeable Zn-air battery (RZAB). Herein, d-band gap narrowing strategy is proposed to significantly boost the electrocatalytic activity and stability of spinel Co₃O₄ for both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. In situ Raman spectroscopy finds that the Ce atom substitution can significantly improve the durability and corrosion resistance of electrocatalysts in harsh alkaline electrolytes. Synchrotron X-ray absorption fine structure reveals that the Co³⁺/Co²⁺ ratio of Co₃O₄ can be tuned with Ce introduction, which is beneficial to optimize the adsorption/desorption of the intermediates over Co_oh³⁺ active sites. Density functional theory calculations further confirm the reduced gap between Co d-band and O p-band centers, increased electrical conductivity, together with the deepened valence band maximum of Co sites in Ce-doped Co₃O₄. Thereby, the optimized RZAB with Ce-Co₃O₄ delivers excellent long-term durability (290 h) and large specific capacity (876.3 $Whk{g}_{Zn}^{-1}$), which possesses great prospects in all-solid-state flexible RZAB devices.     

Design Rules for Addressing Material Asymmetry Induced by Templated Epitaxy for Integrated Heteroepitaxial On-Chip Light Sources

Integrating quantum dot (QD) gain elements onto Si photonic platforms via direct epitaxial growth is the ultimate solution for realizing on-chip light sources. Tremendous improvements in device performance and reliability have been demonstrated in devices grown on planar Si substrates in the last few years. Recently, electrically pumped QD lasers deposited in narrow oxide pockets in a butt-coupled configuration and on-chip coupling have been realized on patterned Si photonic wafers. However, the device yield and reliability, which ultimately determines the scalability of such technology, are limited by material uniformity. Here, detailed analysis is performed, both experimentally and theoretically, on the material asymmetry induced by the pocket geometry and provides unambiguous evidence suggesting that all pockets should be aligned to the [1 $\overline{1}0$] direction of the III-V crystal for high yield, high performance, and scalable on-chip light sources at 300 mm scale.     

Magnetic Second-Order Topological Insulator: An Experimentally Feasible 2D CrSiTe3

2D second-order topological insulators (SOTIs) have sparked significant interest, but currently, the proposed realistic 2D materials for SOTIs are limited to nonmagnetic systems. In this study, for the first time, a single layer of chalcogenide CrSiTe₃—an experimentally realized transition metal trichalcogenide is proposed with a layer structure—as a 2D ferromagnetic (FM) SOTI. Based on first-principles calculations, this study confirms that the CrSiTe₃ monolayer exhibits a nontrivial gapped bulk state in the spin-up channel and a trivial gapped bulk state in the spin-down channel. Based on the higher-order bulk–boundary correspondence, it demonstrates that the CrSiTe₃ monolayer exhibits topologically protected corner states with a quantized fractional charge ($\frac{e}{3}$) in the spin-up channel. Notably, unlike previous nonmagnetic examples, the topological corner states of the CrSiTe₃ monolayer are spin-polarized and pinned at the corners of the sample in real space. Furthermore, the CrSiTe₃ monolayer retains SOTI features when the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is considered, as evidenced by the corner charge and corner states distribution. Finally, by applying biaxial strain and hole doping, this study transforms the magnetic insulating bulk states into spin-gapless semiconducting and half-metallic bulk states, respectively. Importantly, the topological corner states persist in the spin-up channel under these conditions.     

Ferroelectric Control of Polarity of the Spin-polarized Current in Van Der Waals Multiferroic Heterostructures

Ferroelectric (FE) control of magnetism at nanoscale, for instance, FE control of the polarity of spin-polarized current is crucial for technological advances in magnetoelectric and spintronic applications. However, this fascinating functionality has not been reported in nanoscale systems yet. Herein, a new class of FE/A-type antiferromagnetic heterobilayer/FE van der Waals (vdW) multiferroic structures is found, in which the FE control of polarity of spin-polarized current is found possible. Take Sc₂CO₂/CrSiTe₃/CrGeTe₃/Sc₂CO₂ heterostructure as a successful example. First-principles calculations reveal that its polarity of half-metallicity can be switched by flipping the FE polarization orientation. Meanwhile, device transport simulation shows that its up/down spin current transmission ratio is as large as 0.1 × 10³ at $\overrightarrow{\mathrm{P}}\uparrow \uparrow$ Sc₂CO₂ configuration and is only 2.6 × 10⁻³ at $\overrightarrow{\mathrm{P}}\downarrow \downarrow$ Sc₂CO₂ configuration in the vdW multiferroic heterostructures. Essentially, it stems from the reversible FE switch of the internal electric field across the CrSiTe₃/CrGeTe₃ heterobilayer and the FE control of the interfacial effect between Sc₂CO₂ and Cr(Si/Ge)Te₃ layers. This work opens a direction for constructing low-energy-dissipation, non-volatile, and high-sensitive spintronic devices such as spin field-effect transistors.     

Multipoint Defect Synergy Realizing the Excellent Thermoelectric Performance of n‐Type Polycrystalline SnSe via Re Doping

SnSe has attracted much attention due to the excellent thermoelectric (TE) properties of both p‐ and n‐type single crystals. However, the TE performance of polycrystalline SnSe is still low, especially in n‐type materials, because SnSe is an intrinsic p‐type semiconductor. In this work, a three‐step doping process is employed on polycrystalline SnSe to make it n‐type and enhance its TE properties. It is found that the Sn_0.97Re_0.03Se_0.93Cl_0.02 sample achieves a peak ZT value of ≈1.5 at 798 K, which is the highest ZT reported, to date, in n‐type polycrystalline SnSe. This is attributed to the synergistic effects of a series of point defects: $V_{\mathrm{Se}}^{\mathrm{..}},{\mathrm{Cl}}_{\mathrm{Se}}^{.},V_{\mathrm{Sn}}^{,,},{\mathrm{Re}}_{\mathrm{Sn}}^{\times },{\mathrm{Re}}_{}^0$. In those defects, the $V_{\mathrm{Se}}^{\mathrm{..}}$ compensates for the intrinsic Sn vacancies in SnSe, the ${\mathrm{Cl}}_{\mathrm{Se}}^{.}$ acts as a donor, the $V_{\mathrm{Sn}}^{,,}$acts as an acceptor, all of which contribute to optimizing the carrier concentration. Rhenium (Re) doping surprisingly plays dual‐roles, in that it both significantly enhances the electrical transport properties and largely reduces the thermal conductivity by introducing the point defects, ${\mathrm{Re}}_{\mathrm{Sn}}^{\times },{\mathrm{Re}}_{}^0$. The method paves the way for obtaining high‐performance TE properties in SnSe crystals using multipoint‐defect synergy via a step‐by‐step multielement doping methodology.     

Wide-Temperature,Long-Cycling,and High-Loading Pyrite All-Solid-State Batteries Enabled by Argyrodite Thioarsenate Superionic Conductor

Rechargeable FeS₂ battery has been regarded as a promising energy storage device, due to its potentially high energy density and ultralow cost. However, the short lifespan associated with the shuttle effect of polysulfides, large volume change, agglomeration of Fe⁰ nanoparticles, narrow operating temperature range, and sluggish reaction kinetics, greatly impede the application of rechargeable FeS₂ lithium-ion batteries. Herein, an all-solid-state battery (ASSB) coupling commercialized FeS₂ is proposed with a novel superionic conductor Li_6.8Si_0.8As_0.2S₅I (LASI-80Si) to overcome these challenges. The shuttle effect of polysulfides and volume change of FeS₂ are suppressed or completely eliminated in ASSB, due to solid-solid conversion of Li₂S/S and large stacking pressure, respectively. Furthermore, the operating temperature range (−60–60 °C) is significantly expanded by the ultra-high and temperature-insensitive ionic conductivity of LASI-80Si (E_a = 0.20 eV), along with the superior FeS₂/LASI-80Si interface stability. Thanks to the extra Li⁺ provided by Li₂S and LiI functional phases, the “bridge” effect of LiI on facile interfacial Li-ion conduction, and the enhanced reaction kinetics of LASI-80Si (${\sigma }_{L{i}^{+}}=$ 10.4 mS cm⁻¹), ASSBs with LASI-80Si deliver long cycle life (244 cycles at 0.1 C and 600 cycles at 1 C), superior rate capability (20 C), high areal mass loading (13.37 mg cm⁻²), and ultrahigh areal capacity (9.05 mAh cm⁻²). These inspiring results demonstrate the enormous potential of LASI-80Si and FeS₂ combination for practical application of wide-temperature and large-capacity ASSBs.     

Macroscopic and Microscopic Structures of Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskite from Atomistic Simulations

A first‐principles‐based effective Hamiltonian is developed and employed to investigate finite‐temperature structural properties of a prototype of perovskite halides, that is CsPbI₃. Such simulations, when using first‐principles‐extracted coefficients, successfully reproduce the existence of an orthorhombic Pnma state and its iodine octahedral tilting angles around room temperature. However, they also yield a direct transformation from Pnma to cubic $Pm\overline{3}m$ upon heating, unlike measurements that reported the occurrence of an intermediate long‐range‐tilted tetragonal P4/mbm phase in‐between the orthorhombic and cubic phases. Such disagreement, which may cast some doubts about the extent to which first‐principle methods can be trusted to mimic hybrid perovskites, can be resolved by “only” changing one short‐range tilting parameter in the whole set of effective Hamiltonian coefficients. In such a case, some reasonable values of this specific parameter result in the predictions that i) the intermediate P4/mbm state originates from fluctuations over many different tilted states; and ii) the cubic $Pm\overline{3}m$ phase is highly locally distorted and develops strong transverse antiphase correlation between first‐nearest neighbor iodine octahedral tiltings, before undergoing a phase transition to P4/mbm under cooling.     

X-Ray Tomoscopy Reveals the Dynamics of Ice Templating

Little experimentally explored and understood are the complex dynamics of microstructure formation by ice-templating when aqueous solutions or slurries are directionally solidified (freeze cast) into cellular solids. With synchrotron-based, time-resolved X-ray tomoscopy it is possible to study in situ under well-defined conditions the anisotropic, partially faceted growth of ice crystals in aqueous systems. Obtaining one full tomogram per second for ≈270 s with a spatial resolution of 6 µm, it is possible to capture with minimal X-ray absorption, the freezing front in a 3% weight/volume (w/v) sucrose-in-water solution, which typically progresses at 5–30 µm s⁻¹ for applied cooling rates of $\dot{C}$ = 1–10 °C min⁻¹. These time and length scales render X-ray tomoscopy ideally suited to quantify in 3D ice crystal growth and templating phenomena that determine the performance-defining hierarchical architecture of freeze-cast materials: a complex pore morphology and “ridges”, “jellyfish cap”, and “tentacle”-like secondary features, which decorate the cell walls.     

Anisotropic Phonon Response of Few‐Layer PdSe2 under Uniaxial Strain

PdSe₂, an emerging 2D material with a novel anisotropic puckered pentagonal structure, has attracted growing interest due to its layer‐dependent electronic bandgap, high carrier mobility, and good air stability. Herein, a detailed Raman spectroscopic study of few‐layer PdSe₂ (two to five layers) under the in‐plane uniaxial tensile strain up to 3.33% is performed. Two of the prominent PdSe₂ Raman peaks are influenced differently depending on the direction of strain application. The $A_g^1$ mode redshifts more than the $A_g^3$ mode when the strain is applied along the a‐axis of the crystal, while the $A_g^3$ mode redshifts more than the $A_g^1$ mode when the strain is applied along the b‐axis. Such an anisotropic phonon response to strain indicates directionally dependent mechanical and thermal properties of PdSe₂ and also allows the identification of the crystal axes. The results are further supported using first‐principles density‐functional theory. Interestingly, the near‐zero Poisson’s ratios for few‐layer PdSe₂ are found, suggesting that the uniaxial tensile strain can easily be applied to few‐layer PdSe₂ without significantly altering their dimensions at the perpendicular directions, which is a major contributing factor to the observed distinct phonon behavior. The findings pave the way for further development of 2D PdSe₂‐based flexible electronics.     

Giant Piezoelectricity of Ternary Perovskite Ceramics at High Temperatures

Here, novel ferroelectric ceramics of (0.95 ? x)BiScO₃‐xPbTiO₃‐0.05Pb(Sn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ (BS‐xPT‐PSN) of complex perovskite structure are reported with compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), and which exhibit a piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ = 555 pC N^?1, a large‐signal coefficient $d_{33}^{?}$ ≈ 1200 pm V^?1 at room temperature, and a high Curie temperature T_C of 408 °C. More interestingly, this ternary system exhibits a giant and stable piezoelectric response at 200 °C with a large‐signal $d_{33}^{?}$ ≈ 2500 pm V^?1, matching that of the costly relaxor‐based piezoelectric single crystals at room temperature. The mechanisms of such giant piezoelectricity and its characteristic temperature dependence are attributed to the spontaneous polarization rotation and extension under an electric field and the MPB‐related phase transition. The findings reveal that the BS‐xPT‐PSN ceramics constitute a new family of high‐performance piezoelectric materials suitable for electromechanical transducers that can be operated at high temperatures (at 200 °C, or higher).     

Performance analysis of satellite link using Gaussian mixture model under rain

The evolution of communication systems to the next generation, for example, B5G and 6G, demands an ultrareliable performance regardless of weather conditions. Such ultrareliable system design will require that the effects of adverse weather events on the communication system have to be computed more accurately so that physical layer compensation should be optimally and dynamically adaptive to such events. The performance of satellite links is severely affected by dynamic rain attenuation, and thus, accurate and reliable modeling of performance parameters is essential for dynamic fade countermeasures, especially above 10 GHz. In this work, we model the energy per bit to noise spectral density ratio ( $E_b/N_0$) using Gaussian mixture (GM) model during rainy events. The developed mathematical expression is used to accurately model the average $E_b/N_0$, bit error rate (BER), outage probability, and ergodic channel capacity of the link. The average BER, upper bound on BER, and average ergodic capacity of an M-ary phase shift keying scheme (MPSK) using the GM model of $E_b/N_0$ are derived to evaluate the performance of the link under such weather impairments. We then show the numerical results and analysis using the GM model of the measured $E_b/N_0$ data obtained with the AMoS-7 satellite at a site located in Israel.