基于SVD-SGWT和IMF能量熵增量的液压故障特征提取

针对随机噪声和虚假分量影响总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)分解质量问题,提出基于奇异值分解(SVD)和第二代小波变换(SGWT)联合降噪预处理和本征模态分量(IMF)能量熵增量剔除虚假分量的改进EEMD方法。该方法首先对原始信号进行第二代小波变换,利用SVD对SGWT得到的高频系数进行降噪处理,克服了软、硬阈值法降噪的缺陷。然后对消噪处理的信号进行EEMD分解,通过IMF能量熵增量去除虚假分量;最后对主IMF分量进行Hilbert谱分析来提取信号的主要特征。仿真和实验结果表明,SVD和SGWT联合降噪故障信号信噪比显著提高,且失真度小,抑制了噪声对EEMD分解精度的干扰,能量熵增量能有效地去除虚假IMF,Hilbert谱中各频率成分清晰不混叠,成功提取了液压系统故障特征频率。     

CEEMDAN-小波阈值联合的球磨机筒体振动信号去噪方法研究

针对球磨机振动信号非线性、非平稳性特点及总体平均经验模态分解方法(CEEMDAN),舍弃高频分量降噪方法和小波阈值降噪方法存在的不足,提出了一种基于CEEMDAN-小波阈值联合的球磨机筒体振动信号去噪方法。首先运用CEEMDAN算法将信号分解成一系列IMF分量;其次采用连续均方误差准则确定含噪声较多的高频IMF分量;然后采用小波阈值去噪方法对含噪声较多的高频IMF分量进行去噪处理;最后将去噪后的IMF分量和去噪的IMF分量进行重构,从而得到去噪后的信号。通过对实测球磨机筒体振动信号进行去噪分析,结果表明本研究提出的联合去噪方法去噪后信号的信噪比更高、均方根误差更低,证明该方法具有更高的去噪精度。     

基于EEMD分解和改进小波阈值降噪的齿轮故障诊断

针对齿轮箱振动信号易受噪声影响以及齿轮箱振动信号比较复杂的特点,提出基于EEMD分解和改进小波阈值降噪的齿轮故障诊断方法。首先对经过EEMD分解的IMF分量中的高频分量进行改进小波阈值降噪处理,重构信号后得到降噪信号。实验结果表明应用该方法可以较为准确地识别齿轮故障。     

侵彻弹体频率特性分析及过载信号处理

为解决硬目标侵彻过载信号降噪问题,提出融合总体经验模态分解（EEMD）和小波变换（WT）的联合滤波方法。首先对实测信号进行总体经验模态分解,获得信号的本征模态函数（IMF）分量,然后计算各分量功率谱并与原信号比较,得出信号的有效分解尺度和弹体的过载响应频率,接着对高频IMF分量采用小波阈值降噪,最后将降噪后的高频分量与分解后的低频分量组合重构获得侵彻特征信号。实验证明,这一方法可以有效提取弹体响应频率,消除侵彻过程中弹体的高频振动信号和外部噪声,且处理后的加速度曲线具有更高的信噪比,积分所得速度和位移时程曲线也与实验结果相近。     

CEEMD和小波半软阈值相结合的滚动轴承降噪

针对滚动轴承振动信号降噪处理时如何保证信号边缘信息完整性的问题,提出将互补集合经验模态分解(complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称CEEMD)与小波半软阈值相结合的信号降噪方法,对滚动轴承故障高频振动信号进行降噪处理。首先,采用CEEMD方法对故障振动信号进行分解,针对信号特点自适应获取不同频段模态分量;其次,将对包含噪声污染的高频信号模态分量进行相关性分析,得到含噪成分较高的高频模态分量,进一步采用小波半软阈值进行降噪处理;最后,将降噪后的模态分量同残余分量进行信号重构,完成降噪过程。分析结果表明,相对于传统小波阈值降噪和CEEMD强制降噪方法,提出的方法能够有效去除高频信号的噪声,且最大程度地保证了原始信号的完整性,降噪效果更好。     

基于EEMD和快速谱峭度的滚动轴承故障诊断研究

从经验模态分解(EMD)中得到的本征模态函数(IMF)存在模态混合现象,并且其末端效应影响分解效果,针对这一问题,以西安交通大学XJTU-SY滚动轴承中的振动数据为例,对其外圈振动的正常数据和失效数据分别进行了对比研究。首先,采用集合经验模态(EEMD)分别对正常和失效轴承的振动信号进行了分解,得到了各阶IMF分量;然后,通过峭度准则选择关键的IMF分量进行了信号重构,计算了重构的信号快速谱峭度,根据快速谱峭度得出的中心频率和带宽为依据,对重构信号进行了带通滤波处理;最后,对包络谱进行了对比分析,获得了滚动轴承的准确故障特征信息。研究结果表明:通过EEMD分解和快速谱峭度得出滤波后的重构信号降噪效果明显,可以得到良好的故障带宽和中心频率;该方法能有效测出XJTU-SY滚动轴承出现外圈故障时的振动频率。     

基于EEMD与空域相关降噪的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承早期故障信号非平稳、非线性,强噪声的特点,提出了一种将集成经验模态分解(EEMD)和空域相关降噪相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法首先采用EEMD对滚动轴承故障信号进行分解,得到若干个IMF分量,其次,采用峭度—度量因子准则筛选出有效的IMF分量进行信号重构,然后,采用空域相关降噪方法对重构信号进行降噪处理,最后,提取降噪后信号的故障特征频率对轴承故障进行诊断。采用建立的方法对某轴承内圈、外圈故障实验数据进行了分析与诊断,结果表明,方法能够有效克服信号分解的模态混叠效应,对故障信号噪声抑制效果明显,并能准确有效地提取出轴承的故障特征频率,实现对滚动轴承故障的精确诊断。     

基于EEMD与奇异熵增量谱的齿轮故障特征提取

针对齿轮振动信号非线性、非平稳的特点,提出一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)与奇异熵增量谱的齿轮故障特征提取方法。首先,利用EEMD方法将齿轮振动信号分解为若干个平稳的本征模态函数(IMF)分量。EEMD方法利用正态分布白噪声的二进尺度分解特性,能够有效抑制经验模态分解(EMD)中的模态混叠现象。但由于背景噪声和残余辅助白噪声的影响,EEMD分解得到的IMF分量难以准确提取齿轮故障特征。利用奇异值分解(SVD)对IMF分量进行消噪和重构,根据奇异熵增量谱确定重构阶次,准确地提取齿轮的故障特征频率。仿真信号分析和齿轮箱齿轮故障实验验证了该方法的准确性和有效性。     

基于CEEMD与小波阈值的机械密封声发射信号自适应降噪方法

针对机械密封声发射信号容易受到环境噪声干扰,难以有效地从背景噪声中分离的问题,提出将互补集合经验模态分解(CEEMD)与改进小波阈值降噪方法相结合的声发射信号自适应降噪方法。根据白噪声经经验模态分解(EMD)后其固有模态函数分量的能量密度与其平均周期的乘积为一常数的特性,自适应地判定CEEMD信噪分量的分界点;为避免小波原阈值函数的缺陷,应用改进小波阈值函数对高频IMF分量进行降噪处理,然后同其余的IMF分量进行信号重构,完成降噪过程。对仿真信号和采集的机械密封声发射信号的降噪结果,证明了该降噪方法的有效性和可行性。     

EEMD结合小波阈值的光电容积脉搏波信号降噪

为了研究脉搏波信号降噪的问题,文章提出了一种集合经验模态分解(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD)与小波阈值相结合的降噪方法,对采集到的光电容积脉搏波信号来做降噪处理,同时和EMD结合小波阈值降噪算法进行比较。算法首先把信号做EEMD的分解,将原始信号分解为n个模态分量(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF),然后对这些分量做相干性的计算,对其中的噪声分量来做小波阈值降噪,最后将信号重构。原始信号在STM32平台上采用MAX30100传感器测得。实验结果表明:本文的方法能够很好地剔除光电容积脉搏波中包含高频噪声与基线漂移的各种噪声,降噪后信噪比为34.09,均方根误差为1.99。提高了PPG信号的质量,为光电容积脉搏波信号的准确测量提供了新的思路。     

改进小波去噪Teager算子的齿轮微弱故障提取方法

针对齿轮箱在强噪声背景下齿轮微弱故障振动信号的特征不易被提取的问题,提出将改进小波去噪和Teager能量算子相结合的微弱故障特征提取方法。采用改进小波阈值函数对振动信号进行去噪处理,与形态学滤波和传统小波阈值函数相比能够有效地提高信号的信噪比。对去噪后的信号进行集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)得到若干本征模式函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF),计算各IMF分量与原信号的相关系数并结合各IMF分量的频谱剔除虚假分量。对有效的IMF分量计算其Teager能量算子,并重构得到Teager能量谱,对重构信号进行时频分析并将其结果与原信号的希尔伯特黄变换(HilbertHuang transform,简称HHT)得到的边际谱进行对比。实验研究结果表明,本研究方法相比HHT能够对齿轮微弱故障特征进行更为有效地提取,验证了本研究方法在齿轮箱微弱故障诊断中的可行性。     

基于CEEMDAN与自适应阈值降噪的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障信息受到噪声污染而难以识别的问题,提出一种基于自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解和自适应阈值降噪(CEEMDAN-ATD)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先对原始振动信号进行CEEMDAN分解;其次利用灰色关联分析法(GRA)筛选出噪声主导和信号主导的分量;然后对噪声主导分量分别进行自适应阈值降噪(ATD)处理,并与信号主导分量进行重构;最后通过分析重构信号的Teager能量谱实现滚动轴承故障的识别。采用凯斯西储大学轴承数据对所提方法进行验证,并与完全总体经验模态分解-自适应阈值降噪(CEEMD-ATD)和CEEMDAN-小波阈值降噪(CEEMDAN-WTD)2种方法作比较,结果表明,所提方法表现出较好的自适应性和去噪效果,能够较好地服务于滚动轴承故障诊断。     

改进小波包多阈值去噪法及其工程应用

针对机械振动信号提取时面临的去噪问题,在小波包多阈值准则去噪法的基础上,提出一种改进的小波包多阈值准则综合去噪方法(改进FMC去噪法)。该方法首先采用探测插值法对机床原始振动信号进行预处理,剔除受外界干扰产生的突变噪声信号;再以小波包分析为基础,根据有用信号的最小频率确定最大分解层数,并按最小代价原理确定信号分解的最佳小波包基;最后采用小波包多阈值降噪准则对振动信号进行重构,得到去噪后的机床振动信号。针对含噪blocks信号、doppler信号及模拟的含噪振动信号进行的仿真实验结果表明,改进后的FMC去噪法去噪效果优于传统方法。将该方法应用于气囊修整机振动信号分析中,结果表明,改进FMC去噪法能够有效剔除振动信号各频段的噪声,提高信号特征的可分离性。     

EEMD和TFPF联合降噪法在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

为了消除噪声对齿轮传动系统故障特征提取的影响,提出了一种基于集成经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)和时频峰值滤波(time-frequency peak filtering,简称TFPF)相结合的降噪方法。针对TFPF算法在窗长的选择方面受到限制的问题,采用了EEMD方法对其进行改进,使得信号在噪声压制和有效信号保真两方面得到权衡;含噪声的信号经过EEMD分解后,得到一系列频率成分从高到低的本征模态函数(intrinsic mode functions,简称IMFs),计算出各IMFs间的相关系数,判断需要滤波的IMFs。对不同的IMFs选择不同的窗长进行TFPF滤波,把过滤后的IMFs和剩余的IMFs重构得到最终的降噪信号。用模拟仿真信号和齿轮齿根故障信号对该方法进行验证,可见EEMD+TFPF能有效地去除噪声,成功提取齿根裂纹故障特征。     

Quantitative diagnosis for bearing faults by improving ensemble empirical mode decomposition

In the bearing health assessment issues, using the adaptive nonstationary vibration signal processing methods in the time-frequency domain, lead to improving of early fault detection. On the other hand, the noise and random impulses which contaminates the input data, are a major challenge in extracting fault-related features. The main goal of this paper is to improve the Ensemble Empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) algorithm and combine it with a new proposed denoising process and the higher order spectra to increase the accuracy and speed of the fault severity and type detection. The main approach is to use statistical features without using any dimension reduction and data training. To eliminate unrelated components from faulty condition, the best combination of denoising parameters based on the wavelet transform, is determined by a proposed performance index. In order to enhance the efficiency of the EEMD algorithm, a systematic method is presented to determine the proper amplitude of the additive noise and the Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) selection scheme. The fault occurrence detection and the fault severity level identification are performed by the Fault Severity Index (FSI) definition based on the energy level of the Combined Fault-Sensitive IMF (CFSIMF) envelope using the central limit theorem. Also, taking the advantages of a bispectrum analysis of CFSIMF envelope, fault type recognition can be achieved by Fault Type Index (FTI) quantification. Finally, the proposed method is validated using experimental data set from two different test rigs. Also, the role of the optimum denoising process and the algorithm of systematic selection of the EEMD parameters are described regardless of its type and estimating the consistent degradation pattern.     

基于多元经验模态分解的旋转机械早期故障诊断方法*

针对旋转机械早期微弱故障诊断问题,提出了基于多元经验模态分解的旋转机械早期故障诊断新方法。首先将多个加速度传感器合理布置在轴承座的关键位置,同步采集多通道振动信息;再利用多元经验模态分解同时对多通道振动信号进行自适应分解,得到一系列多元IMF分量;最后,依据峭度准则和相关系数从中选取包含故障主要信息的IMF分量进行信号重构,提取故障特征。多元经验模态分解方法克服了EMD等方法在进行多通道数据融合时缺乏理论依据的局限性。仿真信号和旋转机械故障信号的实验结果表明,该方法明显优于EEMD方法,对齿轮和滚动轴承故障的检测精度更高,可以在强背景噪声情况下更好地提取出故障冲击特征。     

An improved complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise and its application to rolling element bearing fault diagnosis

A novel time–frequency analysis method called complementary complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) with adaptive noise (CCEEMDAN) is proposed to analyze nonstationary vibration signals. CCEEMDAN combines the advantages of improved EEMD with adaptive noise and complementary EEMD, and it improves decomposition performance by reducing reconstruction error and mitigating the effect of mode mixing. However, because white noise mixed in with the raw vibration signal covers the whole frequency bandwidth, each mode inevitably contains some mode noise, which can easily inundate the fault-related information. This paper proposes a time–frequency analysis method based on CCEEMDAN and minimum entropy deconvolution (MED) for fault detection of rolling element bearings. First, a raw signal is decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by using the CCEEMDAN method. Then a sensitive parameter (SP) based on adjusted kurtosis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient is applied to select a sensitive mode that contains the most fault-related information. Finally, the MED is applied to enhance the fault-related impulses in the selected IMF. The fault signals of high-speed train axle-box bearing are applied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method can effectively reveal axle-bearing defects’ fault information. The comparisons illustrate the superiority of SP over kurtosis for selecting the sensitive mode from the resulted signal of CCEEMEDAN. Further, we conducted comparisons that highlight the superiority of our proposed method over individual CCEEMDAN and MED methods and over two other popular signal-processing methods, variational mode decomposition and fast kurtogram.     

Faulty bearing signal recovery from large noise using a hybrid method based on spectral kurtosis and ensemble empirical mode decomposition

Time–frequency analyses are commonly used to diagnose the health of bearings by processing vibration signals captured from the bearings. However, these analyses cannot be guaranteed to be robust if the bearing signals are overwhelmed by large noise. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) was developed from the popular empirical mode decomposition (EMD). However, if there is large noise, it may be difficult to recover impulses from large noise. In this paper, we develop a hybrid signal processing method that combines spectral kurtosis (SK) with EEMD. First, the raw vibration signal is filtered using an optimal band-pass filter based on SK. EEMD method is then applied to decompose the filtered signal. Various bearing signals are used to validate the efficiency of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the hybrid signal processing method can successfully recover the impulses generated by bearing faults from the raw signal, even when overwhelmed by large noise.