漏磁结合涡流的非铁磁性金属材料探伤研究

针对非铁磁性金属的内外壁损伤检测问题,设计了一种中低频的交流电磁场检测模型,对漏磁及涡流效应在交流电磁场检测中的耦合机制进行了分析,并制作电磁检测装置进行实验验证.基于COMSOL有限元仿真建立二维仿真模型,针对不同深度、不同大小的表面缺陷及埋深缺陷进行仿真检测,得到相应的检测线圈电压幅值、相位与缺陷深度的关系;以仿真...     

碳纤维复合材料平板分层缺陷的MIT检测

针对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)平板构件中分层缺陷的检测问题,研制一种激励线圈与检测线圈放置方向相垂直的磁感应断层成像(MIT)涡流探头。基于MIT原理,建立三维有限元模型,进行MIT涡流探头的检测性能测试,从而确定最佳检测频率,进而开展灵敏度矩阵的数值计算;组建CFRP平板构建的MIT检测系统开展试验,应用Tikhonov正则化算法进行分层缺陷的图像重建与评价。结果表明,MIT检测方法能够实现CFRP平板构件中埋深1 mm的10 mm×10 mm×0.5 mm分层缺陷的有效检测和直观辨识。     

基于STM32的多通道探头阵列低频电磁检测系统研究

针对多通道探头阵列低频电磁检测系统进行研究,阐述了低频电磁技术检测机理和组成结构,提出采用多通道感应式磁传感器检测线圈阵列作为缺陷信号有效拾取介质,并基于STM32控制器完成多通道阵列励磁探头、激励电路、信号调理采样电路及存储读取一体化电路模块的系统化设计。实验结果表明,该系统运行稳定,可有效规避外部杂散磁场干扰,并实时输出当前检测位置缺陷信息(幅值、相位),为低频电磁无损检测技术的进一步发展提供了优良的实验基础。     

飞机紧固件孔周裂纹检测远场涡流传感器设计及优化

飞机多层金属紧固结构作为飞机重要承力部件在连续受地-空-地循环载荷作用,使铆钉、高锁螺栓等紧固件孔周产生应力集中从而萌生疲劳裂纹。传统无损检测方法难以在在役情况下进行检测,而远场涡流检测技术在原理上突破集肤效应限制,对深层隐藏缺陷检测具有巨大优势。设计研发了与传统平面远场涡流传感器结构不同的新型平面远场涡流传感器,采取激励线圈与检测线圈同轴放置,大幅缩小了传感器尺寸,检测线圈位于激励线圈内部,且在检测线圈与激励线圈之间设计有磁场分流结构。通过有限元仿真对激励线圈尺寸、磁场分流结构材料及其组成方式进行系统的分析,得出最优的传感器设计方案。试验结果表明,设计研发的新型远场涡流传感器可以检测埋深4 mm、尺寸为(长×宽×深) 2×0. 2×4 mm的紧固件孔周裂纹,且随着缺陷长度的增大,信号幅值也随之增大。     

磁致伸缩与磁弹一体化传感器的研制

为开发具有缺陷检测与应力测量双功能的单体传感器,设计出一种包括静态偏置磁路和内、外层感应线圈的一体化传感器结构,可工作于磁致伸缩与磁弹传感器两种模式。结合磁致伸缩与磁弹基本理论,以能量转换效率和应力测量灵敏度为指标,采用有限元仿真法对一体化传感器的偏置磁场进行优化选取。一体化传感器的试验测试结果表明,传感器工作于磁致伸缩传感器模式时,可在直径6.3 mm钢杆中激励产生L(0,1)模态超声导波并有效检测出宽度和深度均为1 mm的槽型缺陷,增加外层感应线圈的驱动直流可对静态偏置磁场强度进行补偿以使接收的缺陷回波信号幅值增加,提高传感器的缺陷检测能力;工作于磁弹传感器模式时,随激励信号幅值增大,传感器的应力测量灵敏度和测量结果线性度均有提高,其中测量结果线性拟合确定系数最高达0.992 4,表明一体化传感器可用于高精度应力测量。     

螺旋管换热器无缆内检测系统研究

针对带缆涡流检测方法在螺旋管换热器检测中易自锁而无法穿过管道的问题,设计了螺旋管换热器无缆内检测系统。可使用液体或气体驱动检测系统穿过螺旋管,检测系统穿过管道后,通过上位机读取检测系统中存储的数据。通过有限元仿真的方法,选择合适的激励频率和检测线圈参数,检测信号激励频率为100 kHz,检测线圈尺寸为宽3 mm、外径12 mm、内径8 mm。在外径19 mm、壁厚3 mm的不锈钢管道上进行了实验,实验结果表明检测系统可以检测直径为1 mm通孔缺陷和深度为2 mm外壁缺陷,通过气体驱动检测系统实现了螺旋管的检测。     

激光-电磁超声一体式系统电磁超声结构优化

为了研制激光-电磁超声一体式探伤装置,利用该装置通过一次扫描同时获得金属板宽度和深度方向信息实现板内部和表面的同时探伤,文中主要针对激光-电磁超声一体式装置中电磁超声部分进行了结构优化。首先,利用有限元仿真软件,建立了激光-电磁超声一体式探伤装置的有限元仿真模型,验证了激光-电磁超声一体式探伤系统的可行性;然后,针对该一体式装置的电磁超声传感器部分结构参数进行了研究,提出在铜箔与永磁体之间粘贴一层泡沫缓冲层用于抑制永磁体内的感应电流、阻断超声波的传播,并分析了永磁体与线圈之间的提离距离对换能效率的影响。结果表明：当永磁体与线圈提离距离保持在0.8～1.2 mm之间时,信号强度和可识别性均增强。最后,利用实验验证理论分析及仿真模型的正确性。     

铁磁构件内外表面裂纹低频漏磁检测技术研究

针对承压设备中铁磁性构件内外壁损伤检测问题,发展了一种低频漏磁检测技术。对低频漏磁信号进行分析处理,提取出的低频漏磁信号的幅值和相位信息,用于铁磁构件内外表面损伤检测与定量评价。通过数值仿真和检测实验,研究了裂纹深度和位置(上表面或下表面)的裂纹对漏磁场特征参数空间分布的影响。结果表明,漏磁信号的幅值特征参数和相位特征参数均可用于铁磁性构件上下表面一定深度范围内裂纹检测及定量表征,但两个参数对不同位置及深度范围内裂纹检测的敏感性不同。当裂纹位于试件上表面时,幅值特征参数对裂纹深度变化更敏感;而当裂纹位于试件下表面时,相位特征参数对裂纹深度变化的敏感性更高。本文研究工作为承压设备中铁磁性构件内外壁损伤检测做了有益探索。     

基于脉冲涡流技术的柔性平面差分探头设计北大核心CSCD

针对涡流探头对导电材料的表面和内部裂纹检测能力的不足,基于脉冲涡流检测技术设计了柔性平面差分探头,结合脉冲涡流检测的宽频谱和柔性平面差分线圈高信噪比的特点,可以在较大提离下检测表面缺陷以及检测更大埋深的内部缺陷。对铝试件表面及内部缺陷检测进行了仿真与试验研究。仿真结果表明柔性平面探头产生的涡流能够有效渗透至试件底部,缺陷造成的涡流扰动产生时间随缺陷深度增加而增大。检测信号的电压峰值大小与峰值时间仍可用于识别缺陷深度,时间剖面曲线的正负相反峰波形信号特征可用于识别裂纹。实验结果表明柔性平面探头能够检测8.55 mm提离下的表面裂纹以及无提离下埋深4.8 mm的内部裂纹。同时,检测电压信号峰值对不同试件的裂纹深度进行定量,仿真与试验结果一致。     

互感谐振耦合式电涡流扭矩传感器设计与研究

为进一步提升基于涡流效应的电磁扭矩传感器灵敏度，文中以互感线圈为研究对象，根据传感器工作原理及线圈耦合谐振等效电路模型，提出一种以最优互感线圈耦合效率为目标的优化方法。选用平面螺旋线圈作为传感器激励线圈，通过单因素实验法和中心复合实验原理建立多元二次响应面模型，由灰狼优化算法(GWO)获得最优传感器结构参数并进行样机试制。经仿真与实验验证，优化后传感器仿真互感线圈耦合效率为37.465%,仿真输出电压峰值为841.586 2 mV,分别为初始对照组的3.007、2.421倍，仿真线性度为0.432%,在较粗糙的装配、定位条件下，传感器实际量程为0～±50 N·m,灵敏度为14.438 mV/(N·m),线性度为2.4%。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.