线性扩张状态观测器的观测误差讨论

给出一种量化表述线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)观测误差的近似方法.通过线性化“总扰”项,从时域内推导出LESO的观测误差解析式,包括动态响应部分和稳态静差部分.进而提出将静差解析式作为观测误差的量化表达式,并使用该方法讨论LESO取不同构建方式对观测精度产生的影响,分析建模不准确、输入量存在偏差情况下观测器的容错能力.仿真结果很好地验证了讨论结论的正确性,从而间接证明了将量化表达式作为一种描述LESO观测精度的近似方法的可行性.     

Robust tracking control for wheeled mobile robot based on extended state observer

This paper presents a new control scheme on trajectory tracking of wheeled mobile robot with nonholonomic constraints. Extended state observer is introduced to estimate unknown disturbances and velocity information. A robust tracking controller is designed to implement the accurate trajectory tracking and disturbance compensation. By theoretical, position and velocity tracking errors of wheeled mobile robot are proven uniformly ultimately asymptotically stable. Simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed technique.     

线性扩张状态观测器及其高阶形式的性能分析

扩张状态观测器(ESO)作为自抗扰控制(ADRC)的核心组件,其自身及高阶扩展形式的性能分析与评估至关重要.借助Lyapunov逆定理证明了任意扩张阶数下线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)重构状态误差的收敛性,并得出了观测误差上界与扩张阶数的定量关系式;在分别考虑扩张阶数、观测器带宽以及剪切频率的情况下,探讨了高阶及传统LESO的动态响应、干扰抑制能力与观测器参数间的关系;最后,结合改进的ADRC控制器,在估计能力、峰值现象的抑制、滤噪性能等方面对高阶及传统LESO进行了性能评估与仿真验证.所得出的结论可为ADRC应用中ESO的选取提供有效的理论依据.     

Fixed-time attitude tracking control for spacecraft based on a fixed-time extended state observer

This paper deals with the problem of fixed-time attitude tracking control for spacecraft subject to model uncertainties and external disturbances.Firstly,by usi...     

基于LESO的MMC-RPC反馈线性化直接功率控制

模块化多电平铁路功率调节器作为一个耦合的多变量非线性系统, 传统PI控制的直接功率控制难以实现 对系统的精确解耦. 本文提出了一种基于线性扩张状态观测器的反馈线性化直接功率控制方法, 根据Lie导数构建 了模块化多电平铁路功率调节器(MMC-RPC)两输入/两输出功率仿射模型, 设计了精确反馈线性化功率解耦控制 器. 针对不确定因素等扰动对精确反馈线性化控制效果的影响, 设计了线性扩张状态观测器对扰动进行观测和补 偿, 实现了功率的精确跟踪控制. 最后, 通过MATLAB/Simulink平台搭建仿真模型对所提控制方法进行了验证.     

一种兼顾带宽拓展和噪声抑制的ESO参数整定方法

从频域角度出发,提出一种兼顾观测带宽和噪声抑制的扩张状态观测器参数整定方法.首先推导传统扰动观测器与线性扩张状态观测器之间的等价关系,将三阶扩张状态观测器的参数整定问题转化为滤波器的设计问题;然后采用切比雪夫滤波器提升观测器性能.仿真结果表明,与已有的扩张状态观测器参数整定方法相比,所提出方法在提高扰动观测能力的同时,具有更好的噪声抑制能力.     

Robust dynamic surface trajectory tracking control for a quadrotor UAV via extended state observer

In this paper, we present an extended state observer–based robust dynamic surface trajectory tracking controller for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle subject to parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. First, the original cascaded dynamics of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle is formulated in a strict form with lumped disturbances to facilitate the backstepping design. Second, based on the separate outer‐ and inner‐loop control methodologies, the extended state observers are constructed to online estimate the unmeasurable velocity states and lumped disturbances existed in translational and rotational dynamics, respectively. Third, to overcome the problem of “explosion of complexity” inherent in backstepping control, the technique of dynamic surface control is utilized for trajectory tracking and attitude stabilization, and with the velocity and disturbance estimates incorporated into the dynamic surface control, a robust dynamic surface flight controller that guarantees asymptotic tracking in the presence of lumped disturbances is synthesized. In addition, the stability analysis is given, showing that the present robust controller can ensure the ultimate boundedness of all signals in the closed‐loop system and make the tracking errors arbitrarily small. Finally, comparisons and extensive simulations under different flight scenarios are performed to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme in accurate tracking performance and enhanced antidisturbance capability.     

扩张状态观测器的性能与应用

研究自抗扰控制方法中的扩张状态观测器(ESO)。通过频域分析可得出该观测器性能随频率升高而逐渐衰减的结论,衰减程度取决于观测器的参数和系统的采样频率,并指出对现有的参数配置方法加以改进可以获得补偿性能更好的观测器。提出了一种非线性扩张状态观测器,在同等采样率条件下能够提高观测器的跟踪性能。仿真结果表明,所提出的状态观测器与现有的观测器相比,在主动控制中效果更好。     

三阶扩张状态观测器的优化参数配置方法

研究三阶非线性扩张状态观测器扰动观测性能的优化问题。首先,采用系数冻结法固定与观测器状态相关的非线性系数,利用线性系统的极点配置方法进行频带拓展;然后,分析配置后的极点随非线性系数的变化规律,在此基础上,提出一种保证扰动观测带宽受系统状态变化影响最小的参数配置方法;最后,通过算例和仿真对比表明了所提出参数配置方法的有效性和优越性。     

基于扩张状态观测器的混沌系统同步

利用n阶驱动系统的标量输出信号及其连续的n-1阶导数作为状态变量,得到一个具有Brunowsky规范形式的n阶重构系统.对该重构系统设计状态观测器,并将其作为响应系统.此时只需传输由输出信号与其连续的n阶导数的线性组合构成的标量信号,便可实现混沌系统的同步.当传输信号仅为标量输出信号时,还可通过对重构系统设计扩张状态观测器,挖掘可测同步误差中所隐含的信息来实现混沌系统的同步.对Rossler系统的仿真证明了该方法的有效性.     

Practical time-varying formation tracking for high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems based on the distributed extended state observer

Practical time-varying formation tracking analysis and design problems for high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems are investigated, where the time-varying formation tracking error is controlled within an arbitrarily small bound. The states of followers form a predefined time-varying formation while tracking the state of the leader with unknown control input. Besides, the dynamics of each agent has heterogeneous nonlinearity and disturbance. First, a distributed extended state observer is constructed to estimate the follower's nonlinearity and disturbance, and the leader's unknown control input simultaneously. A protocol based on the distributed extended state observer is proposed. Second, sufficient conditions for the multi-agent systems to achieve the practical time-varying formation tracking under the protocol are presented by using the Lyapunov stability theory. Third, an approach is derived to design the proposed protocol by solving a linear matrix inequality. Finally, numerical simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.     

基于扩张状态观测器和反步滑模法的四旋翼无人机轨迹跟踪控制

为了解决欠驱动四旋翼无人机（UAV）在实际飞行中存在的外界干扰问题,同时提高在系统参数摄动情况下的精确轨迹跟踪效果,设计了一种基于扩张状态观测器（ESO）和积分型反步滑模算法的飞行控制策略。首先,根据系统的半耦合特性和严反馈结构特点,采用反步法设计姿态内环和位置外环控制器;然后,将抗干扰能力较强的滑模控制融入其中,使得系统的鲁棒性得到增强;接着,为了减小系统的稳态误差,引入积分环节;最后,利用ESO实时估算出系统的内、外总扰动并对控制量进行补偿。通过Lyapunov稳定判据,可以说明该系统是一个全局渐进稳定的系统,并通过仿真分析验证了所提控制方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

线性/非线性切换扩张状态观测器

为了解决非线性扩张状态观测器(NLESO)对大幅度扰动估计能力有限的问题,本文提出一种线性/非线性切换扩张状态观测器.首先分析了非线性扩张状态观测器对大幅度扰动估计能力有限的原因,然后提出在NLESO的非线性区间引入一段线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)弥补NLESO的缺陷,其次从理论上证明了提出的线性/非线性切换扩张状态观测器的收敛性.最后,通过数值仿真验证了提出的线性/非线性切换扩张状态观测器的可行性.     

基于扩张状态观测器的二质量系统非奇异快速终端滑模控制

针对含未知负载信息的二质量伺服系统,提出一种基于有限时间扩张状态观测器的非奇异快速终端滑模控制方法.首先,利用电机侧位置信息设计有限时间扩张状态观测器估计系统的扰动,并将估计值融入到控制器中作为前馈项对系统的未知扰动进行补偿;然后,引入一种新型的滑模趋近律,该趋近律能够避免传统滑模控制中存在的奇异性问题,据此设计非奇异快速终端滑模控制器,保证系统状态在有限时间内收敛到原点,并根据李雅普诺夫稳定性理论分析闭环系统的稳定性;最后,通过仿真和实验验证所提出方法的优越性.结果表明,与传统的PID等控制相比较,所提出的基于扩张状态观测器的有限时间滑模控制方法能够提高系统的跟踪性能,并有效增强二质量伺服系统的抗扰动能力.     

A strong tracking extended Kalman observer for nonlineardiscrete-time systems

The authors show how the extended Kalman filter, used as an observer for nonlinear discrete-time systems or extended Kalman observer (EKO), becomes a useful state estimator when the arbitrary matrices, namely R_k and Q_k, are adequately chosen. As a first step, we use the linearization technique given by Boutayed et al. (1997), which consists of introducing unknown diagonal matrices to take the approximation errors into account. It is shown that the decreasing Lyapunov function condition leads to a linear matrix inequality (LMI) problem, which points out the connection between a good convergence behavior of the EKO and the instrumental matrices R_k and Q _k. In order to satisfy the obtained LMI, a particular design of Q_k is given. High performances of the proposed technique are shown through numerical examples under the worst conditions     

Sampled-data extended state observer for uncertain nonlinear systems

In this paper, we present a sampled-data nonlinear extended state observer (NLESO) design method for a class of nonlinear systems with uncertainties and discrete time output measurement. To accommodate the inter-sample dynamics, an inter-sample output predictor is employed in the structure of the NLESO to estimate the system output in the sampling intervals, where the prediction is used in the proposed observer instead of the system output. The exponential convergence of the sampled-data NLESO is also discussed and a sufficient condition is given by the Lyapunov method. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed observer.     

修改型扩张状态观测器:分析与实现

利用系统已知信息构造的扩张状态观测器(extended state observer,ESO)称之为修改型扩张状态观测器.本文完善了修改型扩张状态观测器(modified extended state observer,MESO)的假设条件,并分析了相对于常规的扩张状态观测器,修改型扩张状态观测器估计精度更高的原因.针对系统模型参数不确定情况,提出了基于最小二乘法的修改型扩张状态观测器实现方法,并详细论述了最小二乘法在线辨识系统模型的原理.仿真结果与理论分析结果一致,验证了修改型扩张状态观测器理论分析的正确性和实现方法的可行性.     

基于扩张观测器的非线性不确定系统输出跟踪

针对一类非线性不确定系统，设计出一种高增益扩张观测器，该观测器具有抗干扰性，可用于观测信号的n阶导数．在此基础上设计了一种控制器，使得跟踪误差及其各阶导数在不确定及扰动存在的情况下仍能迅速收敛．仿真结果表明，这种控制方法对于非线性不确定系统具有良好的控制效果．     

自适应扩张状态观测器收敛性分析与应用

为了实现自适应扩张状态观测器理论分析的简洁和工程应用的直观,本文提出了一种自适应扩张状态观测器(adaptive extended state observer, AESO),并给出了收敛性证明过程.然后,将其应用到直线电机伺服系统中,设计了基于AESO的PD控制器.实验结果表明,提出的AESO可以准确估计系统的状态和受到的干扰,并且可以消除高增益线性扩张状态观测器固有的峰化现象,同时还验证了设计的观测器–控制器的有效性.     

A fast convergent extended Kalman observer for nonlinear discrete-time systems

A new extended Kalman observer for nonlinear discrete-time systems is derived. As always, stability and convergence rate depend directly on the matrices Q k and R k and the initial state estimation error, the new observer has made improvement on these two aspects. A new criterion for the design of matrices Q k and R k enables the observer to enlarge the convergent domain, an off-line-trained neural network can significantly reduce the initial state estimation error without increasing on-line computation burden. The integration of the techniques results in a stable and fast convergent observer. The observer performance is demonstrated with the estimation of flux and angular speed of an induction motor.