关系知识表达模式及在专家系统中的应用

采用关系模式表达知识，可以利用当前流行的关系数据库管理系统（ＲＤＢＭＳ），将专家系统与ＲＤＢＭＳ上建立的管理信息系统，决策支持系统，办公自动化系统等有机结合，有利于知识的管理、存储和利用。并可在大量的管理信息，决策支持信息以及办公自动化信息中发现知识，使信息与知识共享。本文研究用关系模式表达知识的方法，并在一分类专家系统中利用ＲＤＢＭＳ强大的数据处理能力实现知识推理。     

基于模型的三维物体识别

实现了一个完整的基于模型的三维物体识别系统,它可识别灰度图象中包含的物体,如对遮挡加以限制,还可识别被遮挡的物体.该系统能实现物体的自动建模,也可先定性识别某一物体的立体图对以获取高层知识,然后在高层知识的指导下准确地匹配立体图对中相对应的特征.此外,还提出了利用最能表示物体特征的表面(特征面)来识别物体的方法,以提高系统抗噪声的能力.大量实验证明,该系统具有相当的稳健性.     

Letter to the Editor

This paper examines how an object called a decision support system (DSS) is a system from the point of view of GST (general systems theory) and how GST is related with the development of DSS in a positive way. Since a DSS is a complicated system, it cannot be described by one model. We will proceed the consideration in the following different levels: functional level, structural level, process level and physical level. We will show that on each level GST provides a useful framework to deal with a DSS and the general formulation by GST directs what is to be done in the development of DSS. On the progress of the development we have found GST can help us with conceptualizing a DSS which is most important in finding a correct research direction. The presented models are the basic framework of our current system, a product of GST.     

MM-DSS: Integrating multimedia and decision-making knowledge in decision support systems

Multimedia (MM) information systems have been utilized for decision-making tasks since they were developed in the early 1990s. Few research studies to date have paid attention to the integrated mode of MM information with a decision support system (DSS) or have investigated the role of MM information and DSS from the perspective of model-based knowledge management. This paper proposes a multimedia decision support system (MM-DSS) to address the above unexplored issues. The proposed MM-DSS manages MM information with the use of a newly developed extended attributed relational graph (ARG) and the structured modeling (SM) technique in order to support complicated decision-making processes intelligently and systematically. This paper illustrates the development of the new extended ARG and the SM method, and their integration into mathematical decision-making knowledge. The proposed MM-DSS responds to the needs of representation, storage, and retrieval of MM information in decision-making processes. Results of simulation show that the proposed MM-DSS is successful in tackling an optimization problem of factory scheduling.     

基于符号语义映射的知识图谱表示学习算法

图的分布式表示对于知识图谱的构建与应用任务至关重要.通过对当前流行的图表示学习模型进行比较,分析了现有模型存在的不合理之处,据此提出了一个基于符号语义映射的神经网络模型用于学习图的分布式表示,基本思想是依据知识图谱中已有的实体关系数据,采用循环神经网络对符号组合(实体-关系组合)进行语义编码,并将其映射到目标符号(实体)上.此外,通过为图中的每个关系类型引入一个逆关系镜像,解决了关系的非对称性问题,使模型能够适应多种不同类型的(同构或异构)网络的关系推理任务.该模型适用于大规模知识图谱的表示学习任务.在公开数据集上的实验结果表明,该模型在知识图谱扩容任务和基于图的多标签分类任务上的性能表现优于相关工作.     

A new approach to water quality modelling and environmental decision support systems

The concepts and technology of environmental decision support systems (EDSS) have developed considerably over recent decades, although core concepts such as flexibility and adaptability within a changing decision environment remain paramount. Much recent EDSS theory has focussed on model integration and re-use in decision support system (DSS) tools and for design and construction of ‘DSS generators’. Many current specific DSS have architectures, tools, models and operational characteristics that are either fixed or difficult to change in the face of changing management needs. This paper reports on development and deployment of an EDSS that encompasses a new approach to DSS tools, generators and specific DSS applications. The system, named E2, is built upon a conceptualisation of terrestrial and aquatic environmental systems that has resulted in a robust and flexible system architecture. The architecture provides a set of base classes to represent fundamental concepts, and which can be instantiated and combined to form DSS generators of varying complexity. A DSS generator is described within which system users are able to select and link models, data, analysis tools and reporting tools to create specific DSS for particular problems, and for which new models and tools can be created and, through software reflection (introspection), discovered to provide expanded capability where required. This system offers a new approach within which environmental systems can be described in the form of specific DSS at a scale and level of complexity suited to the problems and needs of decision makers.     

Formulation of qualitative models using fuzzy logic

Formulation of qualitative models for complex decision problems exhibiting less structure, more imprecision and uncertainty is not adequately addressed in DSS research. Typical characteristics and requirements of such problems prohibit the development of DSS using knowledge based system development methodologies. This paper presents a methodology for formulation of qualitative models using fuzzy logic to handle the imprecision and uncertainty in the problem domain. The problem domain, in this methodology, is represented using problem-solving knowledge, environmental knowledge, and control knowledge components. A high level non-procedural language for representing these components of knowledge is illustrated using a project selection and resource allocation problem. The paper also describes the implementation of a prototype decision support environment based on this methodology.     

A decision support system for quantitative measurement of operational efficiency in a blood collection facility

A decision support system (DSS) is presented that allows users to input, analyze, and output data derived from blood banking operations. The DSS developed is a hybrid system that is both data and model driven. The system provides information, models, and data manipulation tools to assist users in the quantitative measurement of the operational efficiency in a blood collection facility. A relational database was developed to address the four major variables, which impact the cost per unit of blood being collected. Using visual basic, a user interface and mathematical model were developed establishing the relationships to analyze cost per unit of collected blood. Using inputs from users and historical financial data, the DSS calculates the cost per unit as each of the major variables is altered. Real life situations by the mobile operations team at a blood collection facility were used to test the DSS.     

基于数据挖掘技术的温室决策支持系统

农业领域的专家知识多是描述性和经验性的知识,难以进行精确数学描述,这给农业决策支持系统的构建带来了一定的困难。本文介绍了采用数据库技术和数据挖掘技术构建的温室蔬菜栽培决策支持系统。该系统建立了数据库来记录作物生长过程和温室环境等有关数据,然后通过数据挖掘技术从数据库中获得新的农业知识,以丰富决策支持系统的知识库。在系统的实现过程中,采用了面向对象的编程方法,使软件具有良好的可扩展性,并具有良好的人机交互功能。     

Decision support in time series modeling by pattern recognition

This research is aimed at presenting a new, pattern recognition-based DSS scheme for the time series model identification. The scheme is based on two principles: pattern matching and inductive learning. Pattern matching is used to classify a pattern of the time series into one of the autoregressive moving-average models. The pattern is obtained from the extended sample autocorrelations of the time series. Inductive learning is used to enhance the capability of recognizing input patterns, and linear discriminants are used to discriminate one pattern from the others. To implement the idea, a decision support system named DSSTSM was designed and a prototype was developed on the microcomputer. Experimental results show that the combination of the pattern recognition principles with a DSS can yield a promising solution to the time series modeling.     

概念代数—新一代数据库系统的理论

念代数ＣＡ是Ｎｉｌｓｓｏｎ教授以格（ｌａｔｔｉｃｅ）理论为数学背景提出的一个新的代数系统。在ＣＡ中，关系范型、ＯＯ范型、逻辑程序设计和框架知识表示获得了统一的表示－概念项，项进一步组成句子。一个完整的知识库就由这样折的项和句子组成。推理操作是一组被称为重写规则的代数公理。目前的ＣＡ还只是个代数系统雏形，有很多方面有待扩充。本文对概念代数进行综述，并给出初步的扩充。     

MobiGuide: a personalized and patient-centric decision-support system and its evaluation in the atrial fibrillation and gestational diabetes domains

MobiGuide is a ubiquitous, distributed and personalized evidence-based decision-support system (DSS) used by patients and their care providers. Its central DSS applies computer-interpretable clinical guidelines (CIGs) to provide real-time patient-specific and personalized recommendations by matching CIG knowledge with a highly-adaptive patient model, the parameters of which are stored in a personal health record (PHR). The PHR integrates data from hospital medical records, mobile biosensors, data entered by patients, and recommendations and abstractions output by the DSS. CIGs are customized to consider the patients’ psycho-social context and their preferences; shared decision making is supported via decision trees instantiated with patient utilities. The central DSS “projects” personalized CIG-knowledge to a mobile DSS operating on the patients’ smart phones that applies that knowledge locally. In this paper we explain the knowledge elicitation and specification methodologies that we have developed for making CIGs patient-centered and enabling their personalization. We then demonstrate feasibility, in two very different clinical domains, and two different geographic sites, as part of a multi-national feasibility study, of the full architecture that we have designed and implemented. We analyze usage patterns and opinions collected via questionnaires of the 10 atrial fibrillation (AF) and 20 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients and their care providers. The analysis is guided by three hypotheses concerning the effect of the personal patient model on patients and clinicians’ behavior and on patients’ satisfaction. The results demonstrate the sustainable usage of the system by patients and their care providers and patients’ satisfaction, which stems mostly from their increased sense of safety. The system has affected the behavior of clinicians, which have inspected the patients’ models between scheduled visits, resulting in change of diagnosis for two of the ten AF patients and anticipated change in therapy for eleven of the twenty GDM patients.     

基于数据库的层次概念知识体系的一种获取方法

以关系数据理论为基础,提出一种基于数据库的大量概念学习和概念体系构建的新方法,给出了基于数据库的概念定义和一种简化的获取方法。实例计算表明了该方法的有效性     

基于内容的图像归档与查询中知识方案的研究

在对基于图像内容的查询研究中认识到这是一个需要结合图像特征量提取和模式识别综合作用的过程。通过将知识库的求解分为两个层次：底层部分的特征量分类和在此基础上的上层符号系统,提出了一种人工神经网络连接系统和符号推理系统结合的基于内容图像查询算法中的知识方案。力求将问题中的矛盾分离,在每个阶段中着力于解决主要矛盾而采用相应的知识系统。该方案在一定程度上融合了两者的优越性,克服了各自的缺陷,在多特征量融合上也起到了一定的作用。最后给出了具体医学图像数据库应用系统中特征提取和知识系统的整体方案,并对试验结果进行了讨     

The effect of decision support system expertise on system use behavior and performance

We performed an empirical investigation into the effect of users’ decision support system (DSS) expertise on their problem-solving strategies. The results indicated that individuals who had only recently learned to use the DSS were confused or restricted by the set of functions provided by the system and did not plan well for their use of the DSS. Those who had previous knowledge of the system exhibited more focused and efficient problem-solving behavior. Our findings suggested that problem-solving strategies depended significantly on the user's level of system expertise.     

实现Web下公式符号在线操作的可视化编辑器系统的设计

基于MathML技术在相关领域的巨大影响力,本文简要分析了这一技术在目前应用过程中普遍存在的不足之处。在此基础上,作者提出并设计了一个基于MathML理论与技术的可视化编辑器系统,并结合Java Applet方式加以具体实现,用以进行在Web方式下对公式符号的在线操作。     

决策支持系统在生态环境监测与管理中的应用

决策支持系统是综合利用各种数据、信息、知识和模型技术，辅助决策者解决决策问题的人机交互系统，根据研究区生态环境的空间组合关系建立模型，将环境监测与管理技术与决策支持系统的思想相结合建立环境资源决策支持系统，并设计开发生态环境监测与管理智能决策支持系统（EMIDSS），提出资源合理利用及环境整治的方案。     

Local Area Management and Planning (LAMP) in India

To assist decentralised planning, the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India has taken the initiative to develop a computer-based spatial information system for planning and management of the natural resources at the district and sub-district level. At present ten district level database centres called Natural Resources Data Management System (NRDMS) have been functioning in different geo-environments in India.
The present paper discusses the experience of the Centre for Applied Systems Analysis in Development (CASAD). CASAD is involved in managing the NRDMS database centre at Bankura district and was associated with the development of DSS models in Kheda district. Finally, a few case studies on the use of Decision Support Systems (DSS) for decentralised decision making at the district level are discussed.     

基于Web和组件技术的DSS模型设计与实现

决策支持系统(DSS)主要用于帮助企业的领导者进行事件决策和趋势分析。该文将组件技术引入到基于B／S结构的DSS设计中,提出了基于Web技术和组件技术的DSS模型设计与实现策略,并结合某银行基于B／S的决策支持系统实例,具体阐述了模型设计思想和实现步骤。