MgxZn1-xO合金的相结构转变和光学性质

利用等离子辅助分子束外延(P-MBE)技术,在蓝宝石c-平面上外延生长了MgxZn1-xO(0≤x≤0.65)合金薄膜,其x值分别为0,0.11,0.28,0.44,0.51和0.65.X射线衍射测量表明,随着x增加到0.28,只在2θ为34.46～34.67°的位置观察到(002)衍射峰,表明样品为单一六角纤锌矿结构的MgZnO合金.当x值增加到0.44时,观察到了MgxZn1-xO的相分离.当x值增加到0.65时,MgZnO合金完成了从单一六角纤锌矿结构向立方向结构的转变.通过对样品的光致发光谱、吸收谱的测量,详细研究了上述样品的相结构转变对其光学性质的影响.     

MgxZn1-xO单晶薄膜和MgZnO/ZnO异质结构的光学性质

报道了利用等离子辅助分子束外延技术,在蓝宝石c平面上外延生长的MgxZn1-xO单晶薄膜以及MgZnO/ZnO异质结构的光学性质.室温下随着Mg浓度增加,合金薄膜样品的发光峰与吸收边均向高能侧移动.研究了样品紫外发光的起因,将MgxZn1-xO合金薄膜的发光归结为束缚激子的复合.在Mg0.08Zn0.92O/ZnO样品中,观察到了分别来自于ZnO层和MgZnO盖层的发光和吸收,并将其归因于来自ZnO层的自由激子和MgZnO盖层的束缚激子发射.     

MOCVD法制备MgZnO合金薄膜

采用金属有机化学气相沉积方法在C面蓝宝石衬底上生长MgxZn1-xO合金薄膜.c轴取向的MgxZn1-xO薄膜在600.～630℃温度下沉积.通过X射线衍射和透射光谱研究了薄膜的结构和光学特性.研究表明当x的取值小于等于0.39时,合金薄膜保持ZnO的六角形纤锌矿结构,没有观察到MgO分相,此时薄膜的能带宽度可以在3.3～3.95eV之间调节.     

MOCVD法制备MgZnO合金薄膜

采用金属有机化学气相沉积方法在C面蓝宝石衬底上生长MgxZn1-xO合金薄膜.c轴取向的MgxZn1-xO薄膜在600.～630℃温度下沉积.通过X射线衍射和透射光谱研究了薄膜的结构和光学特性.研究表明当x的取值小于等于0.39时,合金薄膜保持ZnO的六角形纤锌矿结构,没有观察到MgO分相,此时薄膜的能带宽度可以在3.3～3.95eV之间调节.     

MOCVD法制备MgZnO合金薄膜

采用金属有机化学气相沉积方法在C面蓝宝石衬底上生长MgxZn1-xO合金薄膜.c轴取向的MgxZn1-xO薄膜在600～630℃温度下沉积. 通过X射线衍射和透射光谱研究了薄膜的结构和光学特性. 研究表明当x的取值小于等于0.39时，合金薄膜保持ZnO的六角形纤锌矿结构，没有观察到MgO分相，此时薄膜的能带宽度可以在3.3～3.95eV之间调节.     

生长温度和化学剂量比对MgZnO合金薄膜相结构的影响

利用等离子辅助分子束外延技术,在蓝宝石c-平面上外延生长了ZnO单晶薄膜.原位反射式高能电子衍射结果表明,在650℃时样品为平整的表面.但X射线衍射测量表明,在此温度下添加Mg源生长的MgxZn1-xO合金薄膜,随Mg量的增加很快经历了六角相-混合相-立方相的相结构转变,这与扫描电子显微照片的直观结果相对应.分析指出该结果是由生长温度和Ⅱ、Ⅵ族元素的化学剂量比共同决定的.     

MgZnO/ZnO p-n异质结的制备与特性

通过金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD)法在GaAs衬底上制备出了MgZnO/Zn0的p-n异质结,并研究了其I-V特性:开启电压约为3.6V,结特性良好.比较了n型ZnO层与P型MgxZn1-xO层的电阻率、迁移率和载流子浓度.ZnO层的电阻率很小,载流子浓度很大;而Mgxzn1-xO层的电阻率却大幅度的增加,载流子浓度较ZnO层小了一个数量级.通过对其n型与P型层的光致发光(PL)谱的测试发现,ZnO层与Mgxzn1-xO层分别在382和370nm处存在着由自由激子复合而导致的紫外发光峰,为近带边发光.MgxZn1-xO的紫外峰明显弱于ZnO样品的,这是由于MgZnO合金中易形成分相所造成的,所以现阶段其晶体质量还不能与ZnO的相比.另外,两样品在480nm附近都存在着比较弱的深能级发光峰,这是晶体的本征缺陷或其他杂质的引入造成的,并对样品进行了X射线衍射(XRD)谱与电致发光(EL)谱等测试与分析.     

MgZnO/ZnO p-n异质结的制备与特性

通过金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD)法在GaAs衬底上制备出了MgZnO/Zn0的p-n异质结,并研究了其I-V特性:开启电压约为3.6V,结特性良好.比较了n型ZnO层与P型MgxZn1-xO层的电阻率、迁移率和载流子浓度.ZnO层的电阻率很小,载流子浓度很大;而Mgxzn1-xO层的电阻率却大幅度的增加,载流子浓度较ZnO层小了一个数量级.通过对其n型与P型层的光致发光(PL)谱的测试发现,ZnO层与Mgxzn1-xO层分别在382和370nm处存在着由自由激子复合而导致的紫外发光峰,为近带边发光.MgxZn1-xO的紫外峰明显弱于ZnO样品的,这是由于MgZnO合金中易形成分相所造成的,所以现阶段其晶体质量还不能与ZnO的相比.另外,两样品在480nm附近都存在着比较弱的深能级发光峰,这是晶体的本征缺陷或其他杂质的引入造成的,并对样品进行了X射线衍射(XRD)谱与电致发光(EL)谱等测试与分析.     

Zn_(1-x)Mg_xSe外延合金薄膜的结构研究

用分子束外延方法在GaAs（100）衬底上生长了Zn1-xMgxSe三元合金薄膜（0≤x≤1），用X-射线衍射和喇曼散射谱7研究了薄膜的结构，发现对x较小的样品，合金层为单一的（100）面闪锌矿结构，（111）面的含量可以忽略．对x≈0．5的样品，合金层中（100）和（111）面的闪锌矿结构共存，两种结构呈现不同的组分，且（111）结构的x值总是小于（100）结构．对x＝1的样品，外延层呈现单一的（100）氯化钠结构．对不同结构和含量所作的定量分析表明，（111）面闪锌矿结构可能是Zn1-xMgxSe合金从（100）面闪锌矿结构向（100）面氯化钠结构转变的中间相．     

MgxZn1-xO薄膜的折射率及三阶非线性研究

利用电子束蒸发反应沉积技术,在蓝宝石和硅化玻璃衬底上生长得到MgxZn1-xO薄膜。立方相MgxZn1-xO（0．55≤x≤1．00）薄膜的折射率通过透射光谱技术和Manifacier方法计算得到。与六方相MgxZn1-xO薄膜相似,在400～800nm波长范围内,立方相MgxZn1-xO薄膜的折射率色散关系遵循最小平方根的一阶Sellmeier色散方程。不同组分的MgxZn1-xO薄膜的三阶非线性极化率采用光克尔效应（OKE）技术测试获得。六方-立方双晶相结构的Mg0.37Zn0.63O薄膜具有最大的三阶非线性极化率,其原因可归功于薄膜微结构中六方和立方晶相分离所导致的晶粒散射。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.