一种OFDM中继系统的有限反馈预编码方法

基于正交频分复用的放大转发协作中继系统,为了减少系统误比特率、增加信道容量和增强实用性,该文提出一种实用的源节点预编码和中继节点预编码的联合优化有限比特反馈的预编码方法。利用3节点构成的两个下行链路,实现两跳协作通信方式;采用SVD分解和QR(orthogonal triangular)分解相结合设计预编码,其中源节点预编码每帧只要一个;优选量化码本,把预编码矩阵量化后反馈到发射端。仿真结果表明,该方案能提高平均和速率、降低误码率和改善中断概率特性,且反馈比特数较少具有更好的实用价值。     

预编码技术在协同中继系统中的应用

协同中继系统中的多个通信实体问通过协作协议共享有限资源,使得系统具有较高的容量.本文提出了将预编码技术应用到协同中继系统来有效地提高频谱效率.首先,简要介绍了协同中继通信的发展,并指出半双工协同中继系统蕴含着较大的容量潜力;然后分析和总结了各类现有的预编码技术;最后,给出了预编码技术在协同中继系统中的几种应用方式.     

MIMO系统在慢衰落信道中的实用反馈方案

提出了一种可变码长编码方式,其应用于慢衰落信道中的基于有限反馈迫零预编码的多用户MIMO系统.该方案利用了慢衰落信道中每个配置单天线的用户连续两次从码本中选择的量化信道矢量的相关性来对码本进行有效编码,从而减少了需反馈的统计平均比特数,节省了信道带宽.在满足一定条件的慢衰落信道中,在需要反馈的比特数相同的情况下,新方案比应用基于量化的天线合并算法每用户多天线的多用户MIMO系统在信道总容量方面具有更好的性能,且该编码对应于二叉树形结构的叶子,故基站可自动识别其编码,可用于实际的通信系统之中.     

有限反馈机会中继通信系统的中断概率性能

该文针对放大转发机会中继通信系统,研究了有限反馈条件下系统的中断概率及分集性能。在有限反馈条件下,量化误差将影响最优中继的选择进而恶化机会中继通信系统的性能。该文首先推导了有限反馈条件下机会中继系统的中断概率近似表达式,并在此基础上分析获得两个结论:在有限反馈条件下,无论备选中继数目为何,系统的分集阶数可达且只可达到2;当备选中继个数一定时,随着反馈比特数的增加,系统中断概率将趋近于选择最佳中继节点所能获得的性能。仿真结果验证了中断概率的理论表达式及其分析结论,可为有限反馈条件下的中继传输协议设计提供理论支持。     

基于HousehoJder码本的三维预编码码本设计

在LTE系统中,基于码本的有限反馈预编码码本设计是非常关键的一部分,本文以3GPP协议为标准,设计了该部分技术性问题的解决方案。文章介绍了LTEMIMOth的预编码技术和基于码本的有限反馈预编码技术,给出73GPP的预编码方案。本文在现有的研究基础上,提出了一种适合三维波束赋形的三维预编码技术的码本设计,并进行了性能仿真和分析。     

两跳中继分布式预编码码字选择方案

针对两跳分布式预编码MIMO中继系统,为了克服码字选择复杂度较高的缺点,提出一种基于单跳信道右奇异特征向量反馈的最小距离准则码本选择策略。首先给出基于均方误差矩阵的两跳分布式预编码设计方法,选取单跳信道右奇异特征向量作为反馈量,利用RVQ码本对其量化,最后采用最小距离准则对码字进行选择。仿真结果表明,在反馈比特数目相同的情况下,得到的系统BER性能与现有算法相近,但系统的和速率性能优于已有算法,且计算复杂度降低大约一半。     

有限反馈预编码优化中基于性能准则的码字选择

多输入多输出(MIMO)空分复用系统中,采用有限比特反馈方式设计最优预编码矩阵,使用较少的反馈开销,可以有效地提高系统性能。对于有限反馈预编码设计方案,提出了一种基于Qos准则的码字选择方法,以最优化系统MSE性能和BER性能为目标选择最佳码字。仿真结果表明,与已有的码字选择方式相比,本文提出的方法更加直接,对于各种码本具有通用性,而且进一步改善了有限比特反馈预编码的性能,系统BER值降低了1.5 dB。     

中继辅助MIMO系统中基于有限反馈的分布式波束成形

对协作式中继辅助的多输入多输出通信系统中基于有限反馈的联合波束成形问题进行了研究.首先推导了接收信噪比的下界,并基于该下界建立联合波束成形的数学模型.其次推导了分布式波束成形的最优方案.最后针对该最优方案,设计了一个迭代算法,优化得到分布式波束成形码本,从而分布式中继站的波束成形可基于码本序号的有限反馈来进行.实验结果仿真表明,所设计的联合波束成形码本在反馈开销很小的情况下获得明显的性能增益.     

基于有限反馈的非可信中继系统的物理层安全性能分析

在基于有限反馈获得部分信道状态信息的条件下,研究了放大转发非可信中继系统的物理层安全传输技术.通过目的节点发送人工噪声干扰信息,使系统获得了正安全容量.推导了安全中断概率和传输中断概率的闭合表达式,分析了反馈比特数对系统安全性和可靠性的影响,进而提出了能同时兼顾系统安全性和可靠性的最优反馈比特数的自适应选择方案.     

基于零向波束形成和旁瓣抑制的MIMO-OFDM系统码本设计

MIMO系统可提高通信系统的容量和频谱的利用率,支持高速数据传输,是下一代无线传输系统的关键技术。在MIMO系统中,当发射端已知信道状态信息时,利用有限反馈的预编码可提高系统的性能。已有的码本设计方法,有的实现较为复杂,有的受到信道的限制。根据零向准则波束形成器的原理,结合降低天线副瓣的方法,实现了一种MIMO—OFDM系统预编码码本的设计。将此码本用于MIMO—OFDM系统有限反馈的预编码中,经仿真结果验证了码本设计方法的有效性。该码本的设计复杂度低,具有较好的性能。     

信道反馈延迟时MIMO中继系统的线性预编码算法

针对采用放大转发(Amplify and Forward, AF)中继技术的多入多出(Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO)系统, 考虑信道估计误差及反馈存在延迟的情况, 提出一种基于最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Squared Error, MMSE)准则的预编码设计方案.假设基站-中继端及中继端-终端的信道均存在估计误差与反馈延迟, 在基站和中继端功率都受限条件下, 以MMSE为准则, 推导得到了基站预编码矩阵、中继转发矩阵和终端解码矩阵的闭式解.数值仿真结果表明, 该方案所提出的预编码算法能有效地改善系统的误比特率与均方误差.     

Grassmannian beamforming for MIMO amplify-and-forward relaying

We consider the problem of beamforming codebook design for limited feedback half-duplex multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system. In the first part of the paper, the direct link between the source and the destination is ignored. Assuming perfect channel state information (CSI), we show that the source and the relay should map their signals to the dominant right singular vectors of the source-relay and relay-destination channels. For the limited feedback scenario, we prove the appropriateness of Grassmannian codebooks as the source and relay beamforming codebooks based on the distributions of the optimal source and relay beamforming vectors. In the second part of the paper, the direct link is considered in the problem model. Assuming perfect CSI, we derive the optimization problem that identifies the optimal source beamforming vector and show that the solution to this problem is uniformly distributed on the unit sphere for independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) Rayleigh channels. For the limited feedback scenario, we justify the appropriateness of Grassmannian codebooks for quantizing the optimal source beamforming vector based on its distribution. Finally, a modified quantization scheme is presented, which introduces a negligible penalty in the system performance but significantly reduces the required number of feedback bits.     

一种多输入多输出系统中有限反馈预编码的自适应跟踪测度

该文提出一种新的适用于无线相关信道中有限反馈预编码多输入多输出系统的预编码矩阵自适应跟踪测度。由于该测度在统计意义下对信道的相关性与预编码矩阵变化的关系具有更优化的描述,所以基于该测度的方案在保持较低反馈信息量的前提下,能够进一步改善预编码系统性能。文中给出优化自适应跟踪测度的理论推导。系统仿真分别针对无线信道的频域相关和时域相关,并结合空间分集和空间复用两类系统结构予以讨论,并验证了理论分析结果。另外,由于该测度方案算法复杂度更低,所以更具工程实用价值。     

基于码本的有限反馈非酉矩阵预编码多用户MIMO系统

该文提出了一种基于码本的有限反馈非酉矩阵预编码下行多用户MIMO系统。该方案根据用户反馈的信道信息SINR在发送端进行调度和预编码来提高系统容量。预编码的码本设计依据格拉斯曼空间装箱原理,并将码本中的向量按其相关性构成非酉矩阵来提高预编码增益和抑制多用户共道干扰。新方案反馈量少、复杂度低,在相同情况下比传统的单用户MIMO系统和基于码本的酉矩阵预编码多用户MIMO系统都具有更好的性能。     

Quantized Principal Component Selection Precoding for Spatial Multiplexing with Limited Feedback

In this paper, for spatial multiplexing with limited feedback, a quantized principal component selection (QPCS) precoding scheme is proposed that achieves comparable capacity to the closed-loop multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and furthermore adapts to various fading channel conditions without any additional feedback bits and transmit channel state information (CSI). We propose a systematic design method for a codebook consisting of a finite number of unitary matrices based on a maximizing minimum distance criterion in the one- dimensional angular domain and show that the method outperforms the Grassmannian subspace packing method in various fading channel conditions. The proposed QPCS precoding scheme allows for adjustment of the precoding matrix based on limited feedback information on the principal vectors approximating a MIMO channel in the angular domain according to various channel conditions. Furthermore, for practical implementation of the QPCS precoding scheme, we propose a structured precoder optimization procedure and show that the proposed procedure induces a negligible capacity loss compared with the exhaustive precoder optimization, even with considerably reduced complexity.     

Joint optimization of source and relay precoding in non‐regenerative MIMO relay systems

We investigate the problem of precoding optimization in an amplify‐and‐forward multiple‐input‐multiple‐output relay system. Most reported works on this problem focus chiefly on the design of relay precoder without simultaneously optimizing the direct link. In this paper, we propose a method for joint source/relay precoder design, taking both direct and relay links into account. Our design is based on maximizing the mutual information (MI) under limited transmission power constraints at the source and relay, respectively. We first formulate a constrained optimization problem before relaxing the original cost function for tractability and derive a MI lower bound. This elaborate bound can asymptotically approach the exact expression of MI in an iterative fashion. In contrast to previous strategies, we then prove that the optimal structure of the source and relay precoders jointly convert the multiple‐input‐multiple‐output relay channel into a bank of single‐input‐single‐output relay channels without having to assume a beamforming structure to simplify the derivation. Specifically, the linear precoding design problem degenerates into power loading among multiple single‐input‐single‐output relay channels. Applying standard Lagrange technique results in a scalar convex optimization, and it can be readily solved by iterative water filling. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed scheme, either exploiting partial or full channel state information, significantly outperforms the existing methods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Efficient Near‐Optimal Detection with Generalized Sphere Decoder for Blind MU‐MIMO Systems

In this letter, we propose an efficient near‐optimal detection scheme (that makes use of a generalized sphere decoder (GSD)) for blind multi‐user multiple‐input multiple‐output (MU‐MIMO) systems. In practical MU‐MIMO systems, a receiver suffers from interference because the precoding matrix, the result of the precoding technique used, is quantized with limited feedback and is thus imperfect. The proposed scheme can achieve near‐optimal performance with low complexity by using a GSD to detect several additional interference signals. In addition, the proposed scheme is suitable for use in blind systems.     

Adaptive precoding and power allocation in distributed antenna systems with limited feedback

This paper introduces the limited feedback precoding into the distributed antenna system and proposes to adapt the predetermined orthogonal space time block codes to the available channel state information at the transmitter. The optimal representation of precoding information, namely the precoder, with least bits therefore becomes the key problem. Inspired by the characteristics of the distributed antenna system, we focus our work on the precoder construction, adaptable in response to the large and small scale fading, such that the symbol error probability is significantly reduced over that of a fixed, non‐adaptive, independent and identically distributed precoder codebook design. Furthermore, a suboptimal power‐loading strategy is presented by minimizing the derived tight upper bound on the average pairwise error probability of the precoded orthogonal space time block codes, which approaches the optimal performance asymptotically without additional channel knowledge other than the available feedback information. We prove that the proposed precoded orthogonal space time transmission scheme can achieve full diversity order. In particular, the robustness of our proposed transmission scheme to channel estimation error and feedback delay is respectively investigated in some detail, and numerical results show that it obviously improves the link reliability and obtains substantial gains even with few bits of feedback in comparison with conventional antenna selection scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

有限反馈分布式预编码协作通信系统及性能分析

该文提出了一种有限反馈条件下的分布式预编码非正交协作分集系统(DP-NOCD)。该系统利用目的端的多天线特性,将中继信号进行预处理后在共享的信道资源上发送,从而同时提高了传统正交协作分集(OCD)系统的频谱效率和可靠性。利用译码转发(DF)中继信道模型,并将虚拟的两输入多输出信道在矢量空间分解为两个正交子信道,提出了一种系统误码率最小准则下的预编码方法。该方法能改善系统误码性能,且反馈量低。仿真结果表明,在理想协作场景下,与非协作系统和无干扰的OCD系统相比,DP-NOCD系统在误码率为10-3时分别可获得5～6.2 dB和1～1.2 dB的增益。     

Robust Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding for Two-Way Relaying

Most of the non-linear transceivers, which are based on Tomlinson-Harashima (TH) precoding and have been proposed in the literature for two-way relay systems, assume perfect channel state information (CSI). In this paper, a novel and robust TH precoding scheme has been investigated for two-way relay systems, with multiple antennas at the transceiver and relay nodes. We assume imperfect CSI and the channel uncertainty is bounded by a spherical region. The minimum mean square error at the destinations is used as the design criterion and we develop an iterative method to solve this nonconvex problem to obtain TH precoding matrices at the transmitter, linear precoding matrix at the relay and linear equalizer at the destination nodes, where each subproblem is convex. Simulations are provided to evaluate the performance and to validate the efficiency of the proposed scheme.