Certainty equivalent citation: generalized classes of citation indexes

Drawing from the existing literature on risk and inequality measurement, we implement the notion of “certainty equivalent citation” in order (i) to generalize most of the h-type citation indexes (h-, g-, $\tilde{g},$ t-, f-, w-index), and (ii) to highlight the centrality of the decision-maker’s preferences on distributive aspects (concentration aversion) for the ranking of citation profiles. In order to highlight the sensitivity of citation orderings with respect to concentration aversion, an application to both simulated and real citation profiles is presented.     

Relative measure index: a metric to measure the quality of journals

Journal impact factors (JIF) have been an accepted indicator of ranking journals. However, there has been increasing arguments against the fairness of using the JIF as the sole ranking criteria. This resulted in the creation of many other quality metric indices such as the h-index, g-index, immediacy index, Citation Half-Life, as well as SCIMago journal rank (SJR) to name a few. All these metrics have their merits, but none include any great degree of normalization in their computations. Every citation and every publication is taken as having the same importance and therefore weight. The wealth of available data results in multiple different rankings and indexes existing. This paper proposes the use of statistical standard scores or z-scores. The calculation of the z-scores can be performed to normalize the impact factors given to different journals, the average of z-scores can be used across various criteria to create a unified relative measurement (RM) index score. We use the 2008 JCR provided by Thompson Reuters to demonstrate the differences in rankings that would be affected if the RM-index was adopted discuss the fairness that this index would provide to the journal quality ranking.     

杂谈包装的度与标

包装自古有之。用于衣、饰、物包装的有纸、塑料、陶瓷、金属、麻、皮、绳、木等等。包装与社会发展、科技进步、经济繁荣、生活水平、人们意识、观赏能力、审美观点、时代演变、改革开放、内外交流、学习借鉴、革古鼎新、开拓创新等等均有密切关系。可谓与时俱进,与时创新。     

Do we measure strain when we measure strain?

Errors can occur in the measurements from a strain gauge installation unless certain precautions are taken. Practical solutions are given to minimise the influence of temperature, moisture etc., to ensure an acceptable zero stability.     

Cross-national preference in co-authorship, references and citations

Summary The macro-level country-by-country co-authorship, cross-reference and cross-citation analysis started in our previous paper,1 continues with revealing the cross-national preference stucture of the 36 selected countries. Preference indicators of co-authorship, cross-reference and cross-citation are defined, presented and discussed. The study revealed that geopolitical location, cultural relations and language are determining factors in shaping preferences whether in co-authorship, cross-reference or cross-citation. Areas like Central Europe, Scandinavia, Latin America (supplemented with Spain and Portugal), the Far East or the Australia-New Zealand-South Africa triad form typical “clusters” with mutually strong preferences towards each other. The USA appears to have a distinguished role enjoying universal preference, which - in the cross-reference and cross-citation case - is asymmetric for the greater part of the countries under study.     

Stated preference in the valuation of interurban road safety

In Chile, as in most less-developed nations, if life savings are valued at all the human capital approach is used in a rather non-consistent fashion. As part of a 5-year research project on the value of transport externalities, a stated preference (SP) experiment was carried out in order to assess the value of a statistical life for Chilean interurban motorways. Interviewees had to choose among different routes for a hypothetical trip, based on the following attributes: travel time, toll charge and level of risk. The results of our experiment show that people were sensitive to the risk variable, thus "stating" a preference for safer routes. Several models were estimated with linear and non-linear utility specifications, and also incorporating the effects of socio-economic variables in a novel and interesting fashion. We were able to estimate subjective values of time consistent with previous values obtained in the country and reasonably looking values (in comparison to Chilean prices and foreign experience) of a statistical life. The paper discusses the experimental design, data collection and analysis, with emphasis on the role of lexicographic individuals that are a feature of SP studies that has not been carefully explored in the literature. We also present our modelling results and compare our derived values (of time and of a statistical life) with values found previously and/or elsewhere.     

用电位差计测量要求精确度较高的电阻可提高测量精度

本文介绍两种测量电阻的电压法(即应用直流电位差计测量电阻的方法)对提高电阻的测量精度，有实际意义。     

扭转振动的数字测量及其信号处理研究

本文详细介绍了扭转振动数字测量及信号处理的一般原理及其特点,最后结合工程实际介绍了用一般测试设备来测量扭振及其信号处理的方法.     

Transmission of the measure of units and scales of measurements

Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 11, pp. 8–9, November, 1992.     

The step complexity measure for emergency operating procedures: measure verification

In complex systems, such as nuclear power plants (NPPs) or airplane control systems, human errors play a major role in many accidents. Therefore, to prevent an occurrence of accidents or to ensure system safety, extensive effort has been made to identify significant factors that can cause human errors. According to related studies, written manuals or operating procedures are revealed as one of the most important factors, and the understandability is pointed out as one of the major reasons for procedure-related human errors.Many qualitative checklists are suggested to evaluate emergency operating procedures (EOPs) of NPPs. However, since qualitative evaluations using checklists have some drawbacks, a quantitative measure that can quantify the complexity of EOPs is very necessary to compensate for them.In order to quantify the complexity of steps included in EOPs, Park et al. suggested the step complexity (SC) measure. In addition, to ascertain the appropriateness of the SC measure, averaged step performance time data obtained from emergency training records for the loss of coolant accident and the excess steam dump event were compared with estimated SC scores. Although averaged step performance time data show good correlation with estimated SC scores, conclusions for some important issues that have to be clarified to ensure the appropriateness of the SC measure were not properly drawn because of lack of backup data.In this paper, to clarify remaining issues, additional activities to verify the appropriateness of the SC measure are performed using averaged step performance time data obtained from emergency training records. The total number of available records is 36, and training scenarios are the steam generator tube rupture and the loss of all feedwater. The number of scenarios is 18 each. From these emergency training records, averaged step performance time data for 30 steps are retrieved.As the results, the SC measure shows statistically meaningful correlation with averaged step performance time data. In addition, since it is observed that the SC measure seems to have the procedure independent property (i.e. steps that have similar SC scores, whether they are included in different procedures or not, would have similar step performance time), it can be concluded that the SC measure can represent the complexity of steps included in EOPs.     

国家采取有效措施加强环境保护工作

在第六次全国环境保护大会上,温家宝总理指出:一定要充分认识我国环境形势的严峻性和复杂性,充分认识加强环境保护工作的重要性和紧迫性,把环境保护摆在更加重要的战略位置,以对国家、对民族、对子孙后代高度负责的精神,切实做好环境保护工作,推动经济社会全面协调可持续发展.     

用测振法检测机电产品噪声的研究

本文阐述了一种能在生产现场条件较差的情况下测定其机电产品噪声值的较为理想的方法,即用测量机电产品表面的振动量来确定空气噪声辐射,从而比较精确地测定其机电产品的噪声值。本文同时还介绍了通过对几种机电产品振动特性的研究,得出实际的辐射效率曲线,并研制成的相应的测量仪器。