虚拟水研究进展

在解析虚拟水、水足迹等概念内涵的基础上,系统地梳理了产品虚拟水核算、区域虚拟水贸易评估、虚拟水变化机制3个领域的研究进展。产品虚拟水核算中重点分析了中间产品和最终产品虚拟水计算方法,并对国家、行政区及流域尺度的虚拟水核算案例进行了简要分析;区域虚拟水贸易评估中分析了自上而下和自下而上两类方法的使用情况;虚拟水变化机制分析中综述了结构分解分析等多种驱动力分析方法。在总结研究进展基础上,讨论了目前研究中值得进一步深入探索与完善的问题,展望了虚拟水未来的重点研究方向,包括虚拟水核算模型精度改进、价格杠杆对虚拟水的影响、虚拟水水量与水质联合评价体系以及虚拟水战略实践与优化方案改进等。     

关于梅山水库管理情况的调研及对策分析

根据对安徽省梅山水库管理现状情况的调研,文章归纳总结了水库管理存在的专职管理人员少、水行政执法缺乏有效有力手段、相关主管部门间的沟通协作能力有待加强、管理人员及群众共参共治度不高等问题,针对问题分析提出了加强水法律法规体系建设、加强多部门联动协作机制、加快水库水行政管理信息化建设步伐、增加机构和人员编制、提高水行政管理人员素质、改进水行政执法基础设施建设、落实水利行业强监管职责等对策建议。     

水元素在城市规划建设中的作用

介绍了水元素在城市发展中的作用,分析了目前城市化进程中面临的水多、水少、水脏等问题.指出了水元素在城市规划建设应用中存在的问题,并提出了一些建议改进措施.     

禹门口灌区量水设施存在的问题及处理措施

灌溉工程的量水设施是计量灌溉用水量，征收水费的依据，也是合理配水调度的重要手段。文中论述了禹门口灌区量水设施存在的问题和处理措施，并对今后建设提出了改进意见，以资探讨。     

基于综合云模型的水生态文明建设评价

水生态文明的试点建设工作逐渐进入了评价提升阶段。水生态文明建设的覆盖面广、要素多,所以水生态文明建设效果评价是一项复杂的系统工程。评价中信息获取和传递的模糊性与不确定性是影响评价效果的主要因素。针对以上问题,通过调查和分析资料,建立了水生态文明建设评价体系,应用了改进综合云算法,利用评语集基准云、原子云、综合云量化信息,进而总结出水生态文明建设效果评价的思路。在方法应用研究中,对综合云模型改进前后的效果进行了对比,结果表明改进后的方法减少了模糊性与不确定性对评价效果的影响。通过在仙居县的应用验证了综合云模型在水生态文明建设评价中的适用性,得到仙居县的水生态文明建设效果为Ⅱ级、水节约和水生态指标还需进一步提升的评价结果。为仙居县水生态文明的建设提供了一定的科学依据。     

整流配水装置对斜管沉淀池沉淀效果的影响

作者就斜管沉淀池实际运行过程中，配水渠道、配水方式等对沉淀效果的影响进行了分析，并提出了改进意见。     

辽宁省水功能区划工作成果分析

重点对辽宁省水功能区划研究过程中，针对辽宁省地区特点，执行及补充《全国水功能区划技术大纲》情况，以及在今后的研究工作中需改进的问题进行了论述。     

一个改进的随机动力学水平衡模型及其应用研究Ⅱ。应用

本文用黄土高原长武农业生态试验站的冬小麦长期定位试验资料对改进的随机动力学水平衡模型进行了准确性检验。从模型对参数反映的敏感性分析和模型计算值与数值模型WAVES的比较，以及模型对黄土区旱作高生产力的水分环境效应的评价结果，均证明改进的随机动力学水平衡模型能比较准确地预测一定生产力水平、特定生态系统平衡体系水均衡要素的定量分配和土壤含水量的动态变化。     

水轮发电机组活动导水叶密封改进

利用机组增容改造的机会，对混流式水轮机组活动导水叶端、立面密封进行改进，大大降低了活动导水叶漏水量，消除了一直困扰电厂机组停机后自转、调相频繁补气等缺陷，并取得了良好的节水效益。     

近期黄河流域水土保持减水减沙效益计算方法研究刍议

水土保持减水减沙效益计算方法,是分析水土保持减水减沙效益和预测水沙变化发展趋势的关键技术。通过总结近期黄河水沙变化研究中的主要方法,对计算方法的改进提高和存在的主要问题进行了评述,探讨了今后改进提高的方向和途径。     

Benefits valuation of potable water quality improvement in Malaysia: the case of Kajang Municipality

This article estimates the benefits of potable water quality improvements in Kajang Municipality in the state of Selangor, Malaysia, using the avertive cost method. Households were willing to pay MYR 322 annually to improve potable water quality. This represents about 80% of their average annual water bill. The present value of aggregate benefits over a period of 30 years at various social discount rates ranged from MYR 301 million to MYR 768 million. These estimates can be used as a reference for public investment criteria. The findings suggest that there is merit in an upward revision of water tariffs if they provide improvements in water quality.     

Analysis of Agricultural Water Allocation and Returns in the Sultanate of Oman

Water is the most important determinant of agricultural production in Oman. Remarkable public and private investments have been drawn into water resources development and into the modernization of the farming techniques in order to strengthen the contribution of agriculture to the national economy. In spite of these technological improvements and significant investments, water allocation remains a major policy issue. This paper discusses current water use and explores alternatives for improved allocation of agricultural water. Available data suggest that physical and economic returns to water are low. Improvement of returns to water resources could come from producing higher quality and higher value crops for domestic and foreign markets using improved irrigation techniques. This trend needs to be enforced by stringent water conservation measures in order to reach a long-term sustainable water use.     

Hazard identification framework for water utilities with application to the city of Xalapa,Mexico

Abstract:

There is a growing need for a comprehensive approach for assessing drinking water systems that enables managers and engineers to quickly address critical hazards that impact their water supply systems and plan for system improvements. A hazard identification framework for water utilities is developed and applied to the municipal water supply system at Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, operated by the Comisión Municipal de Agua Potable y Saneamiento de Xalapa (CMAS Xalapa). The framework is designed to aid in the analysis of a water supply system from catchment to tap and consists of four components: system characterization, identification of hazards, assessment of the impacts of the major hazards, and determination of priority recommendations for system improvements. When the framework is applied to the CMAS Xalapa system, a number of significant hazardous events are identified including elevated turbidity events and high pressure surcharges. Recommendations for system improvements include increased data collection and analysis and enhanced management of control measures for mitigating the impacts of the hazards.     

水袋在爆破水雾除尘技术中的应用

通过试验数据分析得到水袋的长径比和厚度对水雾抛撒半径、水雾高度、水雾径向抛撒初速度的影响规律。同时为保证较好的水雾除尘效果,提出水袋材料的改进方向,从而为完善水利水电工程爆破水雾降尘技术提供可靠技术参考。     

有外调水源的库群联合供水调度方法的改进

针对有外调水源的库群联合供水调度常规方法存在的不足,在调水规则和共同供水任务分配方面进行了改进。在调水规则方面,提出了一种调水过程控制的双调水控制线法,该方法在调度图中引入上下两条调水控制线,两线之间形成一个调水启闭的"缓冲区",有效克服了单调水控制线法调水启闭频次过多的缺陷,易于实际应用。在成员水库共同供水任务分配方面,提出了一种附加调节系数的动态分水方法,通过与成员水库蓄水状态相关的调节系数对共同供水任务进行"二次分配",与常规分水方法相比,供水任务分配更加合理,有效降低了供水成本。在大连市供水系统中的应用实例,验证了改进方法的有效性与合理性。     

南水北调西线工程效益分析

南水北调西线工程效益主要包括农业灌溉效益，城镇供水效益，黄河干流增加的水力发电效益以及社会和生态环境效益。同时，还将产生明显的社会和生态环境效益。     

Informal water markets and willingness to pay for water: a case study of the urban poor in Chennai City,India

The present study analyzes the role of informal markets in fulfilling the water requirements of poorer households in Chennai City, India. The results of a survey reveal that a significant number of poor people purchase water from informal markets and that they incur a sizeable expenditure on water purchases; some of these households are also willing to pay additional amounts for improved water supply from public sources. The results suggest that improvements in public water supply would significantly increase the welfare of the poor. The informal markets need to be regulated and monitored so that they can serve the households in a better way.     

Transjurisdictional Water Pollution Management in China: The Legal and Institutional Framework

The current study shows that the recent diesel price hike had an insignificant impact on irrigation costs incurred by diesel well owners in eastern India. Further, analysis of the farming enterprises of diesel well owners and water buyers from both diesel and electric wells confronted with a differential cost of irrigation water showed that farmers would be able to cope with a very high rise in irrigation costs through irrigation efficiency improvements and allocating more area to crops that give higher returns per unit of land and water. By doing this, they are able to maintain the farm returns.     

崇明岛河网引清调水试验研究

利用崇明岛河网两次调水试验的水文水质同步监测资料,分析崇明岛调水试验水量水质的变化。结果表明:长江口南支水质基本稳定达到Ⅱ类水质标准,可作为崇明岛调水的优质引水水源,调水后内河河网水质均得到不同程度的改善,其中主要河道水质一般可改善一个类别,从空间分布看,南横引河和竖向骨干河道水质改善较好,北横引河水质改善较差。     

新一轮大规模水利建设中需要重视的几个问题

2011年中央1号文件和中央水利工作会议为今后5～10年水利建设发展目标指明了方向。在新的一轮建设机遇期,要依靠科学规划,突出加强水利薄弱环节建设：一是全面加快防洪建设,二是合理安排水资源配置工程建设,三是突出加强农村水利建设,四是积极推进水土保持生态建设;要依靠政策到位,加快建立水利投入稳定增长机制：一是切实加大预算内固定资产投资和财政专项资金对水利的投入,二是落实好从土地出让收益中提取10%用于农田水利建设的政策,三是进一步充实完善地方水利建设基金,四是充分利用各项金融支持政策;要依靠严格管理,切实保证水利又好又快发展：一是要重视工程标准,二是要重视河湖管理,三是要重视征地移民,四是要重视地下水保护,五是要重视投资管理。