太阳能最大功率机械跟踪系统的设计

针对太阳能光伏电池光电转换效率低的问题,设计了一套太阳能机械跟踪系统装置。以STC12C5A60S2单片机为核心控制器,通过闭环双轴跟踪调整电池板姿态角,使之垂直接收太阳光线,提高电池板方阵的输出功率。编写上位机软件,通过无线蓝牙实现远程通信,完成系统状态监控和数据记录的功能。实验结果表明,该装置能稳定跟踪太阳运行轨迹,从而有效提高太阳能光伏板的输出功率,具有较高的实用价值。     

基于DSP的太阳光线自动跟踪系统设计与实现

以DSP为主控制器设计太阳光线自动跟踪系统。采用简单的太阳位置算法粗略跟踪太阳光线;再利用光线跟踪传感器精确跟踪。介绍模拟跟踪装置的组成、光线检测原理,并详细描述控制系统。该系统能在大范围内精确检测太阳光线入射角,并将信息实时返回至监控装置。由于跟踪传感装置结构简单、跟踪方法易于实现,且传感器价格低廉．有望应用于高聚光型太阳能发电系统。     

光线自动跟踪在太阳能光伏系统中的应用

针对太阳能光伏系统中能量转换效率低的问题,提出了在该系统中采用光线自动跟踪的方法。通过对3种光线自动跟踪的原理进行分析和对比,提出了采用光强比较法对太阳光进行自动跟踪,很好地解决了目前对光伏系统的智能化和高效率的要求。在此基础上设计了一种跟踪精度高、结构简单、控制可靠的双轴太阳光自动跟踪系统,有效地提高了太阳能的利用率。     

基于DSP的太阳光线自动跟踪系统设计与实现

以DSP为主控制器设计太阳光线自动跟踪系统.采用简单的太阳位王算法粗略跟踪太阳光线;再利用光线跟踪传感器精确跟踪.介绍模拟跟踪装置的组成、光线检测原理,并详细描述控制系统.该系统能在大范围内精确检测太阳光线入射角,并将信息实时返回至监控装置.由于跟踪传感装置结构简单、跟踪方法易于实现,且传惑器价格低康,有望应用于高聚光型太阳能发电系统.     

基于太阳自动跟踪的可逆变无线充电系统

设计了一种基于太阳能自动跟踪的可逆变无线充电系统。系统实时自动追踪太阳光线保持接收能量始终最大,并且将能量经逆变器和无线充电模块给电器进行充电。系统的双轴跟踪策略实现了对太阳能的高效利用,无线充电模块是对新型充电方式的一种新的探索。实验表明,四象限光电探测器可以实时准确地检测出当前太阳光线角度,双轴机械结构可以迅速地驱动太阳能电池板运动至指定位置,逆变器最大输出功率达到1 000 W,无线充电模块可以快速高效地对小功率电器进行无线充电。     

太阳光入射角光电检测装置

为了提高太阳能光伏电池的光电转化效率,设计了一种能够自动跟踪太阳光照射角度的双轴自动跟踪系统.设计了4个分布式光敏电阻对比分析各点所受光照强度,设计了电压比较器实时反映太阳方位,设计了H桥电机驱动芯片,驱动两个直流电机按相应的方位角转动,实现实时跟踪.该太阳光入射角光电检测装置结构简单、成本低、灵敏度高,受外界环境影响较低,不仅可以作为演示实验装置,还可以扩展为实用的太阳能发电的自动跟踪系统.     

基于单片机太阳跟踪自动检测系统设计

如今,随着以常规能源为基础的能源结构的不断减少,资源转型速度的加快。包括太阳能在内的可再生资源将会越来越受到人们的重视。该设计尝试设计一种能够自动跟踪太阳光照射角度的双轴自动跟踪系统以提高太阳能电池的光—电转化率。该系统是以单片机为核心,利用太阳轨道公式进行太阳高度角及方位角计算,并利用计时芯片以及使用舵机驱动双轴跟踪系统,使太阳能电池板始终垂直于太阳入射光线,从而提高太阳能的吸收效率。     

基于单片机的双轴光伏寻日系统设计

双轴光伏寻日系统可以跟踪太阳的运动,使光伏组件始终正对着太阳接受到更多的太阳辐射。从而提高光伏板的输出功率。该装置以AT89S52单片机为核心处理芯片,采用时控与光控相结合的方式,控制直流电机实现寻日跟踪。通过实际安装测试,光伏发电系统的发电量得到显著提高,达到预期目标。     

高精度太阳能跟踪控制器

针对目前采用的传统太阳能跟踪控制器传感器形式单一、抗干扰性差、跟踪精度不高等问题,设计了一种基于可编程逻辑控制器(Programmable Logic Controller,PLC)的太阳能跟踪控制器系统。该系统将固定轨迹粗略跟踪方式与光电传感器精确跟踪方式有效地结合起来,并重点将光电传感器加以改进,从而有效地提高了太阳能利用率。由伺服电机作为执行机构控制太阳能板对太阳位置的跟踪,可以实现对太阳高度角和方位角的双自由度跟踪,使太阳能跟踪装置始终正对着太阳光线位置。通过对比实验表明,该跟踪控制器可以达到较高的跟踪精度。     

基于PIC16F877A自动太阳跟踪器的设计

太阳能电池板的效率偏低导致光伏发电系统成本过高,是困扰其长足发展的主要原因。阐述了光伏发电自动跟踪系统的基本原理和研制的关键技术并以PIC16F877A为核心控制单元,设计了一种自动太阳跟踪器,能自动跟踪太阳的高度角与方位角,使太阳光线始终垂直入射在光伏阵列的表面以获取最大发电效率。详细介绍了系统软硬件设计方案并研制出相应可靠稳定运行的样机。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.