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钱菊敏 《化学反应工程与工艺》2018,(2)
综述了合成气(CO+H_2)制多碳醇的工艺及催化剂研究进展。详细介绍了相关的工艺开发国内国外状况,对铑基催化剂、改性甲醇合成催化剂(高压/高温、中压/低温)、改性FT催化剂和含碱金属硫化物等常用四种合成气制多碳醇催化剂进行了详述,并简要分析了工艺因素对多碳醇合成的影响。近年来,改性的FT催化剂受到关注,特别是Co Cu、Cu Fe基体系催化剂研究取得了一定进展。 相似文献
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甲醇是一种理想的发动机代用燃料,具有来源广泛、无污染且价格便宜的优点.介绍了甲醇裂解机理及甲醇裂解催化剂研究现状,甲醇裂解催化剂主要分为Cu基催化剂、Ni基催化剂和贵金属催化剂,对比分析了3种催化剂的优缺点,并对车用甲醇裂解催化剂的研究方向进行了展望.铜系催化剂具有较高的低温活性,添加部分助剂如Ni和Zr等可显著提高催... 相似文献
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采用吸附相反应技术(APRT)制备了Cu基催化剂,并用XRD、HRTEM、H2-TPR等表征手段进行了分析。结果表明催化剂中的Cu良好分散于载体表面,粒径在5~10 nm。在液相乙醇体系合成气制甲醇的反应中,该Cu基催化剂对第一步形成中间产物甲酸乙酯的催化活性远高于工业催化剂。APRT制备的催化剂与其他催化剂(包括工业催化剂)在液相合成气制甲醇的两步反应中表现出的显著差异,不仅说明APRT催化剂具有不同的结构特点,也表明甲酸乙酯的形成和进一步的加氢的活性位是不同的。 相似文献
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探讨不同制备工艺条件对Cu基合成甲醇催化剂性能的影响。分别采用反加共沉淀法、反加共沉淀法+助剂、并流法和并流法+助剂制备了4种催化剂样品,考察催化剂性能的变化,并对助剂在催化剂合成过程中所起的作用进行推测,采用X射线衍射、低温N2吸附和扫描电子显微镜等对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,Cu基甲醇合成催化剂制备过程中加入助剂可以调整催化剂的孔径分布和表面组分分布,催化剂组成确定后,催化剂制备过程采用并流法+助剂制备的样品,孔径分布更合理,ZnO组分晶粒尺寸较小,Cu和Zn组分间相互接触的几率更大,催化剂性能更好。 相似文献
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综述了CO2 加氢合成甲醇用Cu基催化剂的国内外研究现状,从催化剂的制备方法、形貌、活性组分与载体间的相互作用、促进剂等方面进行了阐述;详细介绍了目前引起人们广泛兴趣的Cu/ZnO、Cu/ZrO2、Cu/CeO23类Cu基催化剂近年来最新的研究进展;并对今后的研究方向进行了分析和展望. 相似文献
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采用油菜花粉作为生物模板制备了具有多层次孔结构的ZnO,再通过浸渍还原法将Cu负载于ZnO上制备了具有不同结构的Cu/ZnO负载型催化剂(bio-CZ-500),研究发现在500℃条件下焙烧制备的bio-CZ-500催化剂在CO2加氢反应中经过100 h测试活性几乎不变,同时甲醇选择性高达81%。相比之下,无生物模板制备的Cu/ZnO催化剂显示出较低甲醇选择性(50%),且催化剂在12 h内快速失活。通过透射电镜、扫描电镜、氮气吸脱附、红外光谱、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、接触角测试、程序升温等表征技术揭示了bio-CZ-500催化剂具有多级孔碳结构、丰富的Cu-ZnO活性界面和较高的水接触角。催化剂的弱亲水性加快了副产物水的扩散,促进了中间体分解制甲醇,同时抑制了铜颗粒的烧结失活,从而提高甲醇的选择性与催化剂的稳定性。该工作为制备高效稳定的Cu基工业催化剂提供了新方法。 相似文献
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Catalytic dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether (DME) is performed in an adiabatic fixed bed heterogeneous reactor by using acidic γ-alumina. By changing the mean average temperature of the catalyst bed (or operating temperature of the reactor) from 233 up to 303 °C, changes in methanol conversion were monitored. The results showed that the conversion of methanol strongly depended on the reactor operating temperature. Also, conversion of pure methanol and mixture of methanol and water versus time were studied and the effect of water on deactivation of the catalyst was investigated. The results revealed that when pure methanol was used as the process feed, the catalyst deactivation occurred very slowly. But, by adding water to the feed methanol, the deactivation of the γ-alumina was increased very rapidly; so much that, by increasing water content to 20 weight percent by weight, the catalyst lost its activity by about 12.5 folds more than in the process with pure methanol. Finally, a temperature dependent model developed to predict pure methanol conversion to DME correlates reasonably well with experimental data. 相似文献
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研究了浆态床中自行开发的LP201甲醇合成催化剂上二氧化碳加氢合成甲醇的过程。探讨了不同操作条件,如温度、压力、气体空速、原料气配比等对反应的影响;考察了该催化剂在浆态床二氧化碳加氢合成甲醇过程中的稳定性。实验结果表明,浆态床二氧化碳加氢合成甲醇过程中主要产物为甲醇、CO和水;随温度的增加,CO2的转化率和甲醇产率呈现上升的趋势,但甲醇的选择性明显下降;压力的升高有利于CO2的转化率、甲醇产率以及甲醇的选择性提高;原料气空速的提高会增大甲醇产率,但同时降低CO2的转化率以及甲醇的选择性;CO2的转化率、甲醇收率以及甲醇的选择性在氢碳摩尔比4~5获得极大值。LP201催化剂的寿命考察结果表明,该催化剂具有较好的催化活性和稳定性。 相似文献
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Hirotaka Koga Shuji Fukahori Takuya Kitaoka Mitsuyoshi Nakamura Hiroyuki Wariishi 《Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996)》2008,139(2):408-415
Copper–zinc oxide catalyst powders were supported on a microstructured matrix composed of ceramic fiber-network by a papermaking technique. As-prepared catalyst materials, called paper-structured catalyst, were applied to the autothermal reforming (ATR) of methanol to produce hydrogen for fuel cell applications. The paper-structured catalyst demonstrated higher methanol conversion and lower undesirable carbon monoxide concentration, as compared with commercial catalysts. Besides, excellent catalyst durability was exhibited by the suppression of Cu sintering during the ATR reaction. The paper-structured catalyst showed remarkable superiority in methanol conversion even in the case of using sintered catalysts. Such features were possibly induced by the unique fiber-network microstructure (average pore size: ca. 20 μm and porosity: ca. 50%) of the paper composites, which may allow the effective transfer of heat and reactants to the catalyst surfaces. The porous paper-structured catalyst is expected as a promising catalytic material for improving the practical performances in the catalytic gas-reforming process. 相似文献
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连续酯化制备1,6-己二酸二甲酯 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
以DNW-I型强酸型阳离子交换树脂(DNW-I型催化剂)为催化剂,己二酸和甲醇为原料,经间歇酯化和连续酯化反应后通过精馏可制备选择性为100%的1,6-己二酸二甲酯。结果表明,当DNW-I型催化剂用量为5%(以己二酸计,m/m,下同)时,己二酸间歇及连续酯化后转化率分别大于68%和98%。优化实验条件为:间歇酯化:催化剂用量5%,凡(甲醇):n(己二酸)=2.5:1.0,反应温度80-85℃,反应时间4h:连续酯化:间歇酯化产物进料为30~70mL/h,甲醇进料为95-210mL/h,醇酸摩尔比〉60。 相似文献
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In this comparative study, conversion of waste cooking oil to methyl esters was carried out using the ferric sulfate and the supercritical methanol processes. A two-step transesterification process was used to remove the high free fatty acid contents in the waste cooking oil (WCO). This process resulted in a feedstock to biodiesel conversion yield of about 85-96% using a ferric sulfate catalyst. In the supercritical methanol transesterification method, the yield of biodiesel was about 50-65% in only 15 min of reaction time. The test results revealed that supercritical process method is probably a promising alternative method to the traditional two-step transesterification process using a ferric sulfate catalyst for waste cooking oil conversion. The important variables affecting the methyl ester yield during the transesterification reaction are the molar ratio of alcohol to oil, the catalyst amount and the reaction temperature. The analysis of oil properties, fuel properties and process parameter optimization for the waste cooking oil conversion are also presented. 相似文献
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分子筛催化剂上催化裂化汽油掺混甲醇的改质研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以实现甲醇制取低碳烯烃转化工艺和FCC汽油降烯烃工艺的有效组合为目的,在固定床微型反应装置上,使用SAPO-34、ZSM-5、DOCO以及分子筛组合催化剂,对FCC汽油掺混甲醇改质进行了研究。主要对反应温度、空速和混炼比等影响因素进行了考察。结果表明,SAPO-34分子筛上甲醇制取低碳烯烃效果较好,高烯烃含量汽油在SAPO-34分子筛上的氢转移和芳构化效果显著,ZSM-5分子筛上的芳构化反应效果和DOCO的异构化反应效果较显著,甲醇转化与汽油转化反应间的相互协同作用,既有利于甲醇转化成低碳烯烃又能提高汽油降烯烃转化深度。适宜的混炼条件:反应温度400℃,m(甲醇):m(汽油)=0.05,空速3h~(-1),组合催化剂上,产物汽油中烯烃含量较FCC粗汽油下降23%以上。 相似文献
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采用实验室常用仪器搭建的反应精馏装置,在硫酸催化甲醇与多聚甲醛制备甲缩醛的过程中,考察了原料配比、加热温度、催化剂用量、反应时间等对甲醇转化率、甲缩醛产率及制备甲缩醛纯度的影响,并通过正交实验得出了最优甲缩醛制备条件:n(甲醇)/n(多聚甲醛)=1.9,加热温度为70℃,反应时间2.75 h,催化剂加入量为甲醇体积的3.5%时,甲醇转化率达99.32%,甲缩醛产率99.88%,所制得甲缩醛的质量分数为96.88%,甲醇质量分数为3.11%,水的质量分数小于0.01%。 相似文献