原位反应液相线铸造半固态铝合金的晶粒长大行为

采用原位反应液相线铸造方法制备含有少量原位TiC颗粒的7075铝合金,在其固液两相区进行二次加热保温实验,淬火固定其半固态组织后,通过扫描电镜观察合金的晶粒长大行为,并利用平均截线法测量晶粒尺寸,研究原位颗粒对晶粒长大行为的影响.结果发现,原位TiC颗粒不仅对合金的铸态组织产生细化和球化作用,而且在合金的二次加热过程中对晶粒长大行为具有明显的抑制作用,从而对优化半固态组织提供了一种有效的方法.     

原位反应近液相线铸造TiCp／7075铝基复合材料的制备

采用原位反应近液相线铸造方法制备含有少量原位TiC颗粒的7075铝基复合材料,通过透射电镜观察合金中的原位TiC颗粒的分布与形貌,并利用平均截线法测量晶粒尺寸,研究原位颗粒对近液相线铸造7075铝合金铸态组织形成机制的影响.结果发现,原位TiC颗粒比较均匀地分布于基体合金中,尺寸分布于0.3～0.9μm范围内,形貌呈多边形.随着原位TiC颗粒含量的增加,复合材料的铸态组织由蔷薇状组织逐渐转变为等轴晶组织,当原位TiC颗粒的体积分数达到2.5%时,复合材料的平均晶粒尺寸为35.6μm.     

原位合成TiC/Al(7075)复合材料的组织及力学性能

采用原位合成法制备TiC/Al(7075)复合材料,研究原位TiC颗粒的存在形式、分布状态及不同原位TiC颗粒含量对TiC/Al(7075)复合材料的微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果显示,TiC颗粒多以近球形团聚态存在于7075铝基体中,颗粒团大小约为1μm。当原位TiC颗粒质量分数小于6%时,原位TiC颗粒分布较为均匀,随着颗粒含量的增加,TiC/Al(7075)复合材料的铸态组织由蔷薇状组织逐渐转变为等轴晶组织,晶粒尺寸也随着原位TiC颗粒含量的增加而减小。当原位TiC颗粒的质量分数大于6%时,组织中出现气孔。复合材料的硬度和抗冲击韧性测试表明,TiC/Al(7075)复合材料的硬度随TiC颗粒含量的增加而增加,最高硬度达HB 108,冲击韧性在颗粒质量分数为6%时达到最佳,较基体提升31.55%。     

半固态7075 +1.7TiC铝合金二次加热工艺的研究

在不同的二次加热温度和保温时间条件下,对喷射沉积7075+1.7%(体积分数)TiC铝合金的二次加热工艺进行研究.采用扫描电镜观察合金的二次加热组织,利用平均截线法统计晶粒尺寸.结果表明,在580℃进行二次加热时其晶粒长大非常缓慢,温度提高到600℃后,晶粒长大速度有所提高.在580℃和600℃分别保温60min后,合金对应的平均晶粒尺寸为14μm 和20μm.二次加热温度超过610℃后晶粒长大速度显著提高,并出现明显的局部重熔现象.对应620℃保温30min的平均晶粒尺寸53μm.说明在上述条件下得到的半固态坯料仍保持细小等轴晶组织的特征,能够满足后续的触变成形工艺对合金组织的要求.     

原位TiC_P对近液相线铸造7075铝合金二次加热组织的影响

采用原位反应近液相线铸造方法制备4.4%TiCP/7075铝复合材料,在基体合金的液-固两相区间(477~635℃)的600℃分别保温10、20、40、60 min,水淬固定其半固态组织,应用Image Pro Plus软件测量平均晶粒尺寸,研究原位TiCP对二次加热组织的影响。结果表明,原位TiCP不仅使合金铸态组织直接转变为等轴晶组织,而且在二次加热过程中,对晶粒的长大行为具有明显的抑制作用。在相同的二次加热条件下,TiCP/7075铝复合材料的平均晶粒尺寸比7075基体合金减小了30~40μm,更适合于半固态触变成形。     

真空搅拌TiCp/7075复合材料的组织、力学与耐磨性能

采用真空辅助搅拌铸造法制备了TiCp/7075复合材料,利用XRD和SEM对复合材料进行物相分析和微观组织观察,研究了复合材料的力学性能和耐磨性能.结果表明,TiC增强体颗粒均匀分布在7075铝合金基体中,并且显著细化了基体合金的晶粒尺寸.TiC颗粒使基体合金的晶粒由200μm的树枝晶转变为约100μm的等轴晶.TiCp/7075复合材料的布氏硬度和抗拉强度分别为163HBW和362 MPa,较基体合金分别提高了20.7％和20.3％,这是细晶强化和颗粒承载机制共同作用的结果.TiC颗粒的加入有效改善了7075基体的耐磨性,在10 N载荷下,复合材料的磨损量为2.9 mg,较基体减少54.7％.复合材料在磨损过程中裸露的TiC硬质颗粒优先与对磨材料接触,减小了复合材料与对磨材料的有效接触面积,提高了复合材料的耐磨性.     

铝合金感应加热半固态重熔及复杂件触变成形

目的 研究铝合金半固态坯料在感应加热过程中的组织演变规律,并实现复杂构件近净成形。方法 对7075-T6铝合金挤压棒料进行感应加热条件下的半固态等温处理,观察其微观组织演变规律,并对其进行金相分析,研究晶粒粗化机制;随后采用梯度感应加热坯料进行触变-塑变复合成形试验。结果 晶粒随保温温度的升高,或保温时间的增加,尺寸逐渐增加;随保温时间的延长,晶粒圆整度逐渐增加。晶粒的长大主要以Ostwald熟化机制为主,合并长大为辅,且由于感应加热速率(5 ℃/s)较快,最终形成的晶粒较小。计算得出,晶粒在590, 600, 610, 620 ℃时的晶粒粗化速率分别为165, 226, 309, 497 μm3/s。采用梯度感应加热坯料,实现了某型铝合金尾翼构件的近净成形。结论 适用于7075铝合金触变成形的感应加热工艺参数为：在610~620 ℃下保温5~10 min。集成感应加热半固态重熔处理和触变-塑变复合成形技术,可实现复杂构件近净成形。     

原位Al2O3/Al-Cu复合材料的制备与组织研究

采用原位反应近液相线铸造方法制备含有3.6%(质量分数)原位Al2O3颗粒的Al-6.8Cu基复合材料,在基体合金的固液两相区选择580,590,600℃和610℃进行二次加热保温实验,淬火固定其半固态组织。通过光学显微镜及透射电镜观察合金的组织结构,研究Al2O3原位颗粒对材料组织的影响。结果表明:原位Al2O3颗粒对Al-6.8Cu合金的铸态组织具有一定的细化作用,但没有明显的球化作用。在半固态二次加热过程中原位Al2O3颗粒对晶粒长大行为具有抑制作用和球化作用,与基体合金相比,在相同的二次加热条件下晶粒尺寸减小20~40μm。     

TIC/7075铝基复合材料的磨损实验研究

采用原位反应喷射沉积法制备TiC/7075铝基复合材料,并在销一盘式磨损机损上进行摩擦磨损实验研究.通过TEM观察原位TiC颗粒的分布与形貌,并利用SEM观察沉积态组织磨损表面形貌.结果表明:复合材料的耐磨性和TiC颗粒含量及载荷有关,在低载荷(8.9N)状态下,材料的耐磨性随TiC颗粒含量的增加而增强,在高载荷(26...     

7075铝合金半固态浆料制备及流变压铸工艺研究

目的研究搅拌速度和搅拌时间对ACSR工艺制备的7075铝合金半固态浆料组织的影响,研究和比较传统压铸与流变压铸7075铝合金的组织与性能。方法通过改变搅拌速度和搅拌时间制备7075铝合金半固态浆料,取料水淬获得半固态坯料,将剩余浆料进行流变压铸,采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、万能试验机等研究了试样的微观组织、拉伸性能与断口形貌,探究搅拌速度和搅拌时间对7075合金半固态浆料组织的影响,同时研究与比较传统压铸与流变压铸7075铝合金的组织性能。结果在一定范围内提高搅拌速度和搅拌时间有利于α1-Al的细化与球化,与传统压铸7075铝合金相比,流变压铸合金具有更优异的力学性能,T6热处理后,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为547 MPa、494 MPa和3.2%。结论 ACSR工艺可制备出组织细小圆整的7075铝合金半固态浆料,且流变压铸可改善7075铝合金力学性能。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.