复合材料层合板的热屈曲荷载的优化设计

对均布温度荷载作用下，复合材料层合板的热屈曲荷载最优化设计采用的改进可行方向法进行研究。目标函数可使层合板临界温度最大化，将纤维方向设为设计变量，数学公式中采用了一阶剪切变形理论。为此，采用一个基于FORTRAN的计算机程序来进行层合板的优化。最后，分析了长宽比、反对称铺层、边界条件、材料各向异性、热膨胀比例系数和复合层合板对研究结果的影响，并将结果进行对比。     

Thermal postbuckling of laminated composite skew plates with temperature-dependent properties

Thermal postbuckling and consequently, the role of temperature dependence of material properties on the thermal postbuckling behavior of laminated composite skew plates have not been addressed in literature. Hence, this problem is investigated here. The plate governing equations are based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and the geometrical nonlinearity is modeled using Green’s strain tensor in conjunction with the von Karman assumptions. Since the problem is geometrically and physically nonlinear, the differential quadrature method (DQM) as an accurate, simple and computationally efficient numerical tool is adopted to discretize the governing equations and the related boundary conditions. Then, a direct iterative method is employed to obtain the critical temperature (bifurcation point) and consequently the nonlinear equilibrium path (the postbuckling behavior) of symmetrically laminated skew plates. After validating the formulation and the method of solution, the effects of temperature dependence of the material properties on the postbuckling characteristic of laminated skew plates with different skew angle, boundary conditions, length-to-thickness ratio, number of layers and ply layout are investigated.     

Optimum design of laminated composite plates to maximize buckling load using MFD method

This paper presents optimal design of simply supported laminated composite plates subject to given in-plane static loads for which the critical failure mode is buckling. The objective function is to maximize the buckling load capacity of laminated plates and the fiber orientation is considered as design variable. The first-order shear deformation theory is used for the finite element analysis. In this paper, the effects of bending–twisting coupling are also included for the buckling optimization. The modified feasible direction method is used as an optimization method. Also, computer programs are coded in MATLAB and Golden Section method is adapted in this program for the optimal design of laminated plates for maximum buckling load. The effect of width-to-thickness ratio, aspect ratio, number of layers, material anisotropy, load ratios (N_y/N_x), uncertainties in material properties and functionally graded materials on the results is investigated and compared.     

Free vibration of composite plates using the finite difference method

The finite difference method was used to solve differential equations of motion of free vibration of composite plates with different boundary conditions. The effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia on the natural frequencies of laminated composite plates are investigated in this paper. Four cases are studied: neglecting both shear deformation and rotary inertia, considering only rotary inertia, considering only shear deformation, and considering both. Solutions were obtained for symmetric and angle-ply laminated plates. The factors that affect natural frequencies of different composite plates, such as span-to-depth ratio, aspect ratio, angle-ply, and lamination sequence were also investigated. Results were found to agree well with exact and approximate solutions reported in literature. Shear deformation showed a considerable effect on the natural frequencies for composite plates, whereas the rotary inertia effect was found to be negligible.     

高温下叠层橡胶支座的热力学分析

利用ANSYS有限元软件对高温下圆形和矩形叠层橡胶支座的热应力进行了分析,通过对不同温度下叠层橡胶支座位移和应力的对比,获得了叠层橡胶支座位移和热应力的分布规律。分析结果表明,圆形叠层橡胶支座随着温度的提高,位移和热应力增大且成环形分布,由于温度荷载与内聚力同时作用,最大等效应力明显增大出现在中间部位;矩形叠层橡胶支座边缘受热不均匀导致边缘部位位移和等效应力不同,而在内部受热逐渐均匀,位移和等效应力相同。     

运用第三阶剪切变形理论对具有部分分布质量的反对称层合矩形板进行强迫振动分析

对具有分布质量的层合板进行了强迫振动分析。分析了均布P_0e~(iω)ex~t激励作用下矩形组合板的横向动力响应。依据第三阶剪切变形理论对简支矩形板应用了Hamilton法则。采用双重Fourier级数对板位移进行假定。同时说明了质量部分的尺寸和位置,频率和质量比对板的影响。将分析结果与其他文献对无加载板的自由振动的分析结果进行对比,分析表明:具有很好的一致性。     

Verbundglasplatten – Schubverbund und Membrantragwirkung – Teil II (Fortsetzung aus Heft 1/2005 und Schluß)

Laminated glass plates – shear compound and membrane action. The mechanical behaviour of laminated glass plates is governed by the interlayer shear stiffness and membrane action. The objective of the present work is the analysis of these two parameters and the development of a simple, safe and economic method for determining glass dimensions. In partI a temperature and load‐duration dependant shear modulus is determined for PVB from experimental data. Chapter 3 contains an analytic solution for two side supported laminated plates, based on sandwich theory and describes the creep‐buckling problem of compression elements. The part II investigates the non‐linear behaviour of laminated plates. The load‐stress diagrams show that the curves for plates with a flexible shear interlayer are quite close to, or even exceed, the curve for a layered configuration with no interaction between panes. For this reason an overall boundary curve is developed, which applies conservatively to all the configurations. Owing to the flexibility of shear transfer between the glass panes, non‐linear action is exhibited at an earlier stage than with a monolithic condition. This flexibility significantly influences the actual strength of laminated glass units: when the shear transfer is poor – i.e. at high temperature or long load duration the strength lost in bending action is compensated by gains through membrane action.     

四边简支层合板在剪切作用下的稳定分析

采用伽辽金变分法分析了四边简支的FRP复合材料层合板在纯剪作用下的屈曲荷裁,得出了四边简支层合板的剪切屈曲解析解,并使用有限元软件ANSYS对解析解进行了数值验算与对比分析。所得公式适合长宽比≤4的正交异性层合板,与数值分析结果吻合良好,所得理论公式对实际工程有一定的参考价值,并在一定程度上丰富了复合材料层合板屈曲公式的理论研究。     

Verbundglasplatten – Schubverbund und Membrantragwirkung – Teil I

Laminated glass plates – shear compound and membrane action – Part I. The mechanical behaviour of laminated glass plates is governed by the interlayer shear stiffness and membrane action. The objective of the present work is the analysis of these two parameters and the development of a simple, safe and economic method for determining glass dimensions. In partI a temperature and load‐duration dependant shear modulus is determined for PVB from experimental data. Chapter 3 contains an analytic solution for two side supported laminated plates, based on sandwich theory and describes the creep‐buckling problem of compression elements. The part II (No. 2/2005) investigates the non‐linear behaviour of laminated plates. The load‐stress diagrams show that the curves for plates with a flexible shear interlayer are quite close to, or even exceed, the curve for a layered configuration with no interaction between panes. For this reason an overall boundary curve is developed, which applies conservatively to all the configurations. Owing to the flexibility of shear transfer between the glass panes, non‐linear action is exhibited at an earlier stage than with a monolithic condition. This flexibility significantly influences the actual strength of laminated glass units: when the shear transfer is poor – i.e. at high temperature or long load duration the strength lost in bending action is compensated by gains through membrane action.     

国际期刊导读

运用第三阶剪切变形理论对具有部分分布质量的反对称层合矩形板进行强迫振动分析 对具有分布质量的层合板进行了强迫振动分析。分析了均布P0e^iωex^t激励作用下矩形组合板的横向动力响应。依据第三阶剪切变形理论对简支矩形板应用了Hamilton法则。采用双重Fourier级数对板位移进行假定。同时说明了质量部分的尺寸和位置,频率和质量比对板的影响。将分析结果与其他文献对无加载板的自由振动的分析结果进行对比,分析表明：具有很好的一致性。     

聚丙烯纤维对高温作用下C60HPC板热应变的影响

为了改善混凝土板在高温作用下热应变的变化程度,本文将聚丙烯纤维(简称PP)掺入到C60HPC小板中,研究其对混凝土热应变及温度传递的影响,试验设计了素混凝土、PP体积掺量分别为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的4块C60HPC小板,模拟高温试验,测试混凝土小板不同深度处(距离小板受火底部25、50、75 mm)的温度及对应的热应变值,分析热应变值随时间和受火温度的变化规律,研究PP纤维对C60HPC小板热应变的影响。结果表明:不同PP纤维掺量的C60HPC小板在不同深度处的热应变值随着时间的变化基本呈直线上升的变化规律;掺PP纤维对高温作用下C60HPC小板的热应变有一定的抑制作用,最优PP纤维掺量为0.2%;在一定温度范围内,PP纤维掺量为0.2%的C60HPC小板热应变和温度基本呈二次函数关系,相关性较好。     

正交叠层复合材料板弯曲问题辛方法研究

基于变分原理,利用辛对偶方法分析叠层复合材料板弯曲问题。于是在由原变量及其对偶变量组成的辛几何空间内,许多有效的数学物理方法如分离变量法和本征函数展开法等均可直接应用于叠层梁弯曲问题的求解,推导矩形板本征值超越方程和本征向量的解析表达式。通过算例验证理论推导的准确性,结果显示取前几项本征值就可达到较高的精度。     

运用MFD方法对以屈曲为破坏标准的叠层复合板进行最优化设计

对给定平面内静力荷载作用下,以屈曲为破坏机制的简支叠层复合板进行最优化设计。目标函数是使得叠层板的屈曲荷载达到最大,纤维方向为设计变量。有限元分析中应用了一阶剪切变形理论。优化设计中考虑了弯扭力偶的作用,同时采用了以Matlab和Golden Section法编制的计算机程序进行计算。对宽厚比、纵横比、层数、各向异性材料、荷载比(Ny/Nx)等材料特性中其他一些不确定因素进行了对比和分析。     

Low-velocity impact response of active thin-walled hybrid composite structures embedded with SMA wires

Effect of some important parameters on low-velocity impact response of the active thin-walled hybrid composite plates embedded with the shape memory alloy (SMA) wires is investigated in this paper. The interaction between the impactor and the composite plate is considered in the impact analysis. The SMA wires are embedded within the layers of the composite laminate. The effect of the SMA wires on contact force history, deflection, in-plane strains and stresses of the structure was studied. The first-order shear deformation theory as well as the Fourier series method is utilized to solve the governing equations of the composite plate analytically. The interaction between the impactor and the plate is modeled with the help of two degrees-of-freedom system, consisting of springs-masses. The Choi's linearized Hertzian contact model is used in the impact analysis of the laminated hybrid composite plate. The results indicate that some of the important geometrical and physical parameters like the SMA volume fraction, orientation of composite medium fibers, impactor mass, impactor velocity, and length-to-thickness ratio of the plate (a/h ratio) are important factors affecting the impact process and the design of structures.     

Dynamic stiffness analysis of laminated composite plates

An analysis is presented for the vibration and stability problem of composite laminated plates by using the dynamic stiffness matrix method. A dynamic stiffness matrix is formed by frequency dependent shape functions which are exact solutions of the governing differential equations. It eliminates spatial discretization error and is capable of predicting several natural modes by means of a small number of degrees of freedom. The natural frequencies and buckling loads of composite laminated plates are calculated numerically. The effects of the boundary conditions, the number of layers, the orthotropicity ratio, the side to thickness ratio, and the aspect ratio are studied. It is also illustrated that connected composite plate structures can be handled without difficulty by the present method.     

Nonlinear analysis of imperfect laminated thin plates under transverse and in-plane loads and resting on an elastic foundation by a semi-analytical approach

The large deflection and postbuckling behavior of imperfect composite laminated plates exposed to a combined action of transverse loads and in-plane edge compressions and resting on an elastic foundation are investigated in this paper by a semi-analytical approach. The formulations are based on the classical laminated plate theory (CLPT), and include the plate–foundation interaction effects via a two-parameter model (Pasternak-type) from which Winkler elastic foundation can be recovered as a limiting case. The present approach employs a perturbation technique, one-dimensional differential quadrature approximation and the Galerkin procedure to model the nonlinear performance of the plate with arbitrary combination of simply supported, clamped or elastic rotational edge constraints. Studies concerning its accuracy and convergence characteristics are carried out through some numerical illustrations. Effects of foundation stiffness, plate aspect ratio, total number of plies, fiber orientation, initial geometrical imperfection, the character of boundary conditions, and load patterns on the nonlinear behavior of the plate are studied. Typical numerical results are given in dimensionless graphical forms.     

Thermal analysis of FRP chimneys using consistent laminated shell element

Due to their high corrosion and chemical resistance, fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) materials are increasingly being used in the construction of industrial chimneys. The design of a chimney is governed by wind loads as well as thermal loads resulting from the differences among the ambient, the operating and the curing temperatures. This study involves an investigation for the thermal stresses induced in angle-ply laminated FRP chimneys, using an in-house developed laminated shell element model. The finite element model is verified by performing thermal analysis of a number of plate and shell problems and comparing the results to those available in the literature. An extensive parametric study is then conducted using the shell element model to identify the parameters which significantly affect thermal stresses induced in FRP chimneys.The study indicates that the thermal stresses are only affected by the inclination of the lamina plies, the percentage of fibers content and the through thickness temperature distribution. Analyses also show that localized cracks in the direction perpendicular to the fibers are expected to occur due to the thermal loads. Finally, thermal stress values that can be used in the design of FRP chimneys, when cracking is considered, are presented as function of the through thickness temperature distributions.     

夹层玻璃板弯曲分析

提出了一种夹层玻璃板新的位移模式,给出了其四阶控制微分方程,建立了适合工程计算且又有相当精确度的计算式。对比算例表明,该计算结果比规范精确,并且适合工程计算。     

点支式中空夹层玻璃的抗弯设计方法

使用有限差分方法,在点支式中空及夹层玻璃抗弯设计方法的基础上探讨点支式中空夹层玻璃的抗弯设计方法.在点支式中空玻璃抗弯设计中考虑宽厚比等尺寸因素的影响,且同时考虑因气温、气压变化而产生的荷载;在点支式夹层玻璃的抗弯设计中适当考虑了PVB(聚乙烯缩丁醛)层的作用.将中空夹层玻璃视为包含着夹层的中空玻璃,从而得到其抗弯设计方法.该设计方法计算结果与试验结果在一定程度上吻合,具有一定的实用价值.     

Mechanical connections of the precast concrete columns with detachable metal plates

The aim of this study is to develop laminated metal plates for a moment connection of the precast concrete columns. Metal plates were proposed as a time‐ and cost‐saving alternative to conventional monolithic cast‐in‐place joints for connecting precast concrete frames. This study investigated the possibility of using mechanical joints for the connections of both steel‐concrete composite precast frames and reinforced concrete precast frames. A full erection test of precast columns connected with laminated metal plates was performed to demonstrate the efficiency and simplicity of the proposed method. It was shown that the use of the novel mechanical joints with steel plates significantly reduces construction time compared with the conventional monolithic assembly. The total precast column assembly time was approximately 10–20 min, eliminating pour forms and curing times required for the conventional concrete frames. This study also presents an analytical modeling of the proposed connection for multibay precast frames to explore the strains and stress exerted on the joints.