气相、沉淀、稻壳SiO2／聚乙烯醇复合膜的性能比较

分别采用气相SiO2、沉淀SiO2和稻壳SiO2与聚乙烯醇（PVA）接不同的比例制备成复合膜。比较了3种不同来源的纳米SiO2／PVA复合膜的拉伸性能及耐水性能。结果表明：SiO2含量相同时,复合膜的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度的排列顺序为：气相SiO2／PVA〉稻壳SiO2／PVA〉沉淀SiO2／PVA;拉伸模量的排列顺序为：气相SiO2／PVA〉沉淀SiO2／PVA〉稻壳SiO2／PVA;3种来源的SiO2都可以提高PVA的耐水性,且耐水性随SiO2含量的增大而增强,SiO2含量相同时,复合膜的耐水性排列顺序为：气相SiO2／PVA〉沉淀SiO2／PVA〉稻壳SiO2／PVA。     

纳米SiO2增强TPS/PVA复合材料的研究

以甲酰胺／己内酰胺为复配增塑剂,添加纳米二氧化硅（SiO2）熔融制备了热塑性淀粉／聚乙烯醇／纳米二氧化硅（TPS／PVA／SiO2）复合材料,研究了复合材料的力学性能、流变性能和耐水性能。结果表明：添加1phr的表面改性SiO2,TPS／PVA的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率以及耐水性能均有所提高,但过量的纳米SiO2对材料的力学性能有损害;经KH560表面改性的纳米SiO2的团聚明显减少,因而对TPS／PVA性能的改善更明显;TPS／PVA／SiO2复合材料具有优良的加工性能,熔体表现出假塑性流体的特征。     

纳米SiO2-聚乙烯醇复合超滤膜的制备及应用

以水为溶剂，以聚乙二醇（PEG）为致孔剂，并通过向聚乙烯醇（PVA）溶液中添加纳米SiO2构成铸膜液。凝固浴为Na2SO4/KOH/N2O溶液。采用相转化过程制备纳米SiO2－PVA复合超滤膜。实验表明，膜孔径对压力是敏感的。考察了SiO2含量和PEG含量对膜性能的影响。该膜在含油废超滤实验中表现良好的抗污染性及稳定性。     

热塑性木薯淀粉/PVA/SiO_2共混材料的稳定性能研究

通过添加聚乙烯醇(PVA)、二氧化硅(SiO2)到木薯淀粉中,采用熔融密炼法制备热塑性木薯淀粉(TPS)/PVA/SiO2共混材料,研究共混材料的吸水性、生物降解与熔融行为。研究结果表明:随着SiO2用量的增加,TPS/PVA/SiO2共混体系的吸水率增加,TPS/PVA(1799)/SiO2共混材料的吸水率高于TPS/PVA(1788)/SiO2共混物。表面改性后SiO2的TPS/PVA/SiO2共混物的吸水率低于未改性SiO2。随着SiO2用量的增加,TPS/PVA/SiO2共混物的生物降解降低,共混物的熔融峰增高,而熔融焓降低。     

聚乙烯醇/二氧化硅杂化膜的制备及渗透蒸发分离环己醇（酮）/环己烷

以聚乙烯醇（PVA）和正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为原料,经溶胶-凝胶（sol-gel）法制备了不同二氧化硅（SiO2）含量的 PVA/SiO2杂化膜。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）表明,随着SiO2含量增大,1060cm?1和970cm?1处Si—O—Si特征吸收峰的相对强度逐渐加强,说明TEOS与PVA发生了交联反应;同时膜的分解温度从248℃升高到342℃。杂化膜的SiO2含量从10 %增大到40 %,其玻璃态温度从115℃升高到124℃。以水为溶剂,测定了杂化膜的耐溶剂性能,与PVA膜相比,杂化膜的耐溶剂性能显著提高。以质量比为0.950/0.025/0.025的环己烷/环己醇/环己酮为原料,测定杂化膜的分离性能,结果表明SiO2含量从10 %增大到40 %,通量从15.94 g/(m2?h)升高到75.69 g/(m2?h),环己醇的分离因子从1.8升高到2.65。     

PVA/SiO2@BiOBr纳米纤维的制备及其光催化性能

通过简单的溶剂热法将球形BiOBr固定在电纺聚乙烯醇（PVA）/SiO2有机-无机杂化纳米纤维上,制备了柔性PVA/SiO2@BiOBr纳米纤维。电纺PVA/SiO2纳米纤维由Si—O—C—O—Si键桥链接而成,具有良好的机械强度、耐溶剂性和耐热性,且其表面含有未交联羟基,可为BiOBr晶体的生长提供成核位点,无需额外...     

Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃的晶化和烧结

采用差热分析（DTA）,X射线衍射分析（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等分析手段研究了Li2O-Al2O3—SiO2 （LAS）系统玻璃的烧结和析晶.通过实验确定了最佳烧结温度,并获得主晶相为β—锂辉石的Li2O-Al2O3—SiO2 （LAS）的微晶玻璃.结合烧结体的体积密度、显气孔率和吸水率的数据,分析说明了粘结剂PVA的加入对玻璃粉烧结体性能的影响.     

聚乙烯醇/纳米二氧化硅复合偏光膜的制备及结构与性能研究

采用溶液成膜法制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)/纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)碘系复合偏光膜,并研究了复合偏光膜的结构、偏光性能和热性能。紫外分析表明,随Si场含量的增加,偏光膜的透过率先增加后减小,而偏光率先减小后增加。红外分析表明,纳米SiO2加人后与PVA分子中的-OH发生了相互作用。XRD分析表明,加人纳米SiO2后PVA偏光膜的结晶度下降。TG分析表明,加人纳米SiO2后PVA偏光膜高温热稳定性有所提高。     

NCC/改性纳米SiO2/PVA共混膜的制备及表征

采用共混法制备了纳米纤维素(NCC)/改性纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混膜。傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱分析结果表明NCC/改性纳米SiO2/PVA共混膜的共混模式为存在氢键作用力的简单物理共混。力学性能分析结果表明NCC/改性纳米SiO2/PVA共混膜较PVA膜具有较高的拉伸强度,其拉伸强度平均值为128.41 MPa。热学性能分析结果表明NCC/改性纳米SiO2/PVA共混膜较PVA膜具有较好的热稳定性,其最大热失重温度为238℃。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图分析结果表明NCC/改性纳米SiO2/PVA共混膜样品的表面和断面形貌较规整。     

纳米粒子和PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料抗裂性能研究

采用两种纳米粒子(纳米SiO2和纳米CaCO3),通过水泥基复合材料抗裂性能试验,探讨了PVA纤维和纳米粒子单掺和复掺两种情况下PVA纤维用量、纳米材料种类和用量对水泥基复合材料抗裂性能的影响.研究结果表明,在PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料中掺入纳米SiO2,可以显著提高水泥基复合材料抗裂性能,而且在本文试验纳米粒子掺量范围内,水泥基复合材料抗裂性能随着纳米SiO2掺量的增加不断增强;在纳米SiO2水泥基复合材料中掺入PVA纤维,可以提高水泥基复合材料的抗裂性能,当纤维体积掺量不大于1.2%时,PVA纤维体积掺量较大的纳米水泥基复合材料具有较高的抗裂性能;纳米CaCO3与纳米SiO2均能增强水泥基复合材料的抗裂性能,纳米SiO2的增强效果略优于纳米CaCO3.     

PVA对防雾PE膜的防雾性能的影响

研究了ＰＶＡ对ＰＥ防雾膜的防雾寿命的影响,发现ＰＥ防雾膜的防雾寿命随ＰＶＡ加入量的增加而增加,在加入量超过一定范围时,其防雾寿命开始下降,电镜照片对这一结果予以合理的解释。力学性能测试结果表明,加有ＰＶＡ的ＰＥ防雾膜伸强度,直角撕裂强度,断裂伸长率等方面比未加ＰＶＡ的防雾膜要小,但不影响其使用性能。     

聚乙烯防雾薄膜的研制Ⅱ.影响防雾性的若干因素探讨

探讨了影响聚乙烯防雾膜防雾性的各种因素。研究表明：增加膜厚能增强防雾的持久性；聚乙烯蜡作分散剂能很好地分散防雾滴剂，提高防雾性能；活性土缓释了防雾滴剂但影响了薄膜的外观；接枝聚乙烯和乙烯－醋酸乙烯共聚物作基料时，提高了防雾效果；氟表面活性剂的加入能同时增强持久防雾性和初期防雾性。     

Properties of PVA-PSA hybrid materials prepared through the incorporation of polysilicic acid (PSA) into polyvinyl alcohol

A quick method of preparing transparent organic-inorganic hybrid material was studied. The hybrid, PVA/PSA, was prepared through incorporating the nanoscaled polysilicic acid (PSA) obtained through hydrolysis and condensation of metasilicate salt directly into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The interfacial force, microstructure, and dynamic mechanical property of the hybrid were studied by means of spectroscopy (FTIR, X-ray diffraction and solid-state ²⁹Si NMR) and dynamic mechanical analysis, and the results were compared with that of the hybrids, PVA/TEOS, prepared through the traditional sol-gel process. It was found that the microstructure of PVA/PSA was different from that of PVA/TEOS because of the different preparation methods. The structures of the crystals in both hybrids were similar to that of the pure PVA. Other physical properties, such as T_g, storage modulus, tensile strength and solvent resistance of the PVA/PSA hybrid, were improved significantly with the addition of the silica content. The extent of improvement was a little lower than that for the PVA/TEOS.     

Synthesis and characterization of phenolic resol resin blended with silica sol and PVA

The phenolic resol resin (PF) has a wide application in industry, but its poor tensile ductility and insufficient mechanical strength have severely limited its application. To overcome these limitations, in this study, the mixtures of silica sol and poly(vinyl acohol) (PVA) were used to modify the PF. The structure, morphology, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of these hybrid materials were investigated by FTIR, SEM, tensile shear test (TSS), and TG. FTIR spectra indicated that the multiple reactive functional silanol group Si OH on the surface of SiO₂ particles reacted with PVA and PF. Compared with pure PF, the composite 50‐50‐3% exhibited the maximum shear strength which increased by 158%, whereas the elongation at break increased by 63%. Morphological results agreed well with the mechanical properties. The TG results suggested that the composite material 50‐50‐3% and pure PF had almost the same thermal stability because silica sol and PVA had opposite effects on the heat resistance of the hybrid materials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Preparation and properties of poly(methylmethacrylate)-silica hybrid materials incorporating reactive silica nanoparticles

In this study, poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA)-based hybrid materials were prepared from reactive silica nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were obtained by the reaction of 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl isocyanate with colloidal silica dispersed in ethyl acetate, and they were copolymerized in various ratios with methyl methacrylate. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and visible spectrometry were performed to evaluate the physical properties of the resulting hybrid materials. The PMMA-silica hybrid copolymers maintained high transparency, and their storage elastic modulus and surface hardness increased with increasing silica content. Moreover, in comparison with PMMA, the hybrid copolymers had greater heat resistance and lower volume contraction.     

不同Si/B比含银可溶性玻璃结构与抗菌性能

利用XRD测试分析手段对制备的Si-B-Zn-Ca-P-Ag-O系统分析,实验结果表明:随着体系中Si/B比的不同,抗菌材料结构发生从晶体到玻璃体的变化过程,并且在Si/B=3和5(molar ratio)时具有良好的抗菌效果,MIC(最小抑菌浓度)值分别为50mg/L和100mg/L.同时把生成的抗菌材料放在80℃的水中做耐久性实验,实验结果表明Ag离子是随着时间缓慢释放出来的,Si/B=3和5时的溶出量(3.00mg/L和2.35mg/L)明显高于Si/B=1和8.4时的溶出量(0.85 mg/L和0.53 mg/L).     

Ionomer-silica hybrids via sol-gel reaction

Ionomer-silica hybrid materials were made from polyethylene-co-acrylic acid neutralized by a zinc salt (PI) and tetraethoxy silane (TEOS) via the sol-gel reaction. The effects of various experimental parameters such as solvents, H₂O/Si ratio and the amount of TEOS in the ionomer solution on the hybrid structure and properties were examined. The spectroscopic results show that solvents do not affect the structure of the hybrids, but influence the thermal properties. The hybrids made using highly polar solvent exhibit better thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties at high TEOS contents. The amount of water used for hydrolysis and subsequent condensation play a significant role in the network formation. The varying amount of TEOS in solutions gives rise to different silica content of the hybrid. Above 50 wt%, the sample becomes opaque due to silica aggregation. The high ratio of H₂O/Si leads to phase separation during the reaction. Transparent hybrid materials can only be obtained when the ratio of H₂O/Si is below 5.     

聚乙烯醇在石英陶瓷天线罩上的应用

采用泥浆浇注工艺方法制备石英陶瓷天线罩,对比了石英料浆中添加与未添加聚乙烯醇(PVA)对石英陶瓷天线罩轴向各部位弯曲强度、体积密度、介电常数的影响情况。结果显示:聚乙烯醇(PVA)的加入对于提高石英陶瓷天线罩各部位力学性能、介电性能的均匀性有着明显的效果。     

表面改性硅溶胶粒子增强聚甲基硅树脂薄膜材料

以甲基三甲氧基硅烷（MTMS）水解聚合产物作为主要成膜物质,经甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（MEMO）表面改性的正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）水解产物硅胶作为无机增强物,利用两者羟基之间的共缩聚反应在聚碳酸酯（PC）板表面制备有机/无机复合透明耐磨薄膜;采用TG/DTA、FTIR、UV-vis、金相显微镜及SEM等测试手段对不同含量MEMO改性硅胶对薄膜结构及性能的影响进行表征.研究结果表明,MTMS和TEOS的水解聚合产物通过共缩聚反应在PC板表面形成带有机基团的无机交联网络结构,基本骨架由Si—O—Si组成;在150～250℃之间,MEMO所带的C=C会发生热引发自由基聚合反应;随MEMO含量的增加,薄膜的柔韧性提高;薄膜对PC板有一定的增透作用,MEMO含量的改变对其增透性能影响不大;薄膜能显著提高PC板的硬度,随着MEMO含量的增加,能制备厚膜而不易开裂.