(Ti,Fe)-Al-C体系钢铁基复合材料的热力学计算与分析

利用溶液热力学理论,研究了(Ti,Fe)AlC体系钢铁基复合材料可能的反应产物的吉布斯自由能变化。热力学实验模型是在FeC熔液中加入钛铁合金(Ti,Fe)和纯铝块,继续加热到1600℃,熔液经过充分混合、反应后随炉冷却到常温。计算结果表明,TiC先于Fe2Ti、Fe3C等相生成,但始终没有Al4C3和TiAl3相产生;体系中TiC的热力学稳定性最高;在凝固过程中,TiC相优先析出,随后可能有Fe2Ti、Fe3C等相析出;铝含量的增加能够促进TiC、Fe2Ti、Fe3C等相的生成。     

铁基复合材料中原位TiC增强颗粒生成机制

在合金熔体中采用不同时间取样，通过液淬的方法，将铁基复合材料的液态合金熔体迅速冷却到室温，固定熔融条件下的形态，观察金相组织，分析其变化情况．结果表明：根据热力学及动力学分析，合金熔体在富碳区TiC的形核率很高，形核驱动力足以在正常熔炼温度下形成众多的小晶核；熔体中TiC颗粒的形成可分为形核与长大阶段，首先活性Ti原子包围C，溶入合金中的Ti与C在碳表面形成一复杂反应中间层，随着反应进行，Ti和C颗粒不断减少，生成的TiC不断弥散分布于熔体中；其长大过程伴随着TiC颗粒的相互堆砌、聚集和形态规则化．     

82A钢凝固过程中TiN夹杂析出热力学和动力学

用热力学和动力学方法研究82A钢液凝固过程元素偏析及其对TiN夹杂析出的影响。热力学分析表明,Ti的偏析比远高于N的偏析比;凝固冷却速度从6 K/min增至600 K/min过程中,凝固冷却速度对Ti、N凝固偏析比影响不大;钢液初始Ti含量降至0.000 2%、初始氮含量为0.002%~0.004%时,在凝固末期仍有TiN夹杂析出。动力学分析表明,随着钢液凝固冷却速度的加快,凝固析出的TiN颗粒尺寸明显变小。     

Ti-C-Al-Fe_2O_3反应体系的热力学及形成产物的分析

针对Ti-C-Al-Fe2O3体系进行了热力学计算,并结合DSC及XRD分析,为研究该体系反应合成TiC,Al2O3提供了理论依据.计算结果表明：该体系在发生SHS反应时,可以生成TiC,Al2O3,Fe2Ti,TiAl3,Fe3C和Al4C3等产物,但TiC,Al2O3的热力学稳定性要远远大于Fe2Ti,TiAl3,Fe3C和Al4C3等相,因此,在1600℃的钢液引燃的SHS反应过程中,只能生成TiC,Al2O3两种产物.通过XRD分析也证明了在反应产物中只有TiC,Al2O3两种物质形成.     

原位合成TiC/Fe基复合材料的组织结构和磨损性能

利用粉末冶金技术,在真空状态下使Fe-Ti-C体系进行碳化反应原位合成TiC/Fe基复合材料,用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析复合材料的组织结构和相组成,用热分析法和高温X射线衍射研究Fe-Ti-C体系原位合成的反应机理,用MM-200磨损试验机对复合材料进行耐磨性实验.研究结果表明,反应合成的复合材料主要相组成为TiC、α-Fe和Fe3C,所合成的硬质相TiC颗粒细小,在铁基体中均匀分布.三元体系Fe-Ti-C的反应机理为,首先在765.6 ℃发生Fe的同素异构转变,即α-Feγ-Fe;其次在1078.4 ℃,Ti与Fe共熔而形成低共熔体Fe2Ti;最后在1138.2 ℃,C与Fe2Ti反应生成TiC.在重载干滑动磨损条件下此复合材料显示了很好的耐磨性能.     

凝固速度对工业硅中典型金属杂质赋存状态及其偏析规律的影响

针对工业硅凝固过程中杂质的富集与偏析行为,通过控制工业硅凝固过程的凝固速度,研究了工业硅中杂质的微观结构和分布规律.实验结果表明:凝固速度为2℃/min时,硅中杂质主要以FeAlSi、FeSi_2、Si_2Ti_2V形式在晶界上富集;凝固速度4℃/min时,杂质主要以FeTiSi和VSi_3形式存在.在此基础上,对比分析了凝固速度对工业硅中杂质偏析行为的影响规律,发现Ti和V的析出数量和析出比例受Si、Al、Fe三种元素析出量的影响:当Al的析出量小时,Ti和V的析出量增加,当Si与Fe的析出比Si∶Fe从4∶1变为6∶1时,Ti和V的析出比减小;Mn在工业硅中的扩散比较均匀,偏析量较小且未超过1%,不受凝固速度的影响.     

三元Fe—Co—Si合金中金属间化合物的生长特性研究

通过DSC热分析确定了三元Fe-32.29%Co-20.33%Si合金的固相面和液相面温度分别为1 148 K和1 535 K.采用熔融玻璃净化技术实现了该舍金的深过冷与快速凝固,最大过冷度达378 K(0.25TL).当过冷度为98～378 K时,合金凝固组织由α(Co,Fe)2Si和(Fe,Co)5Si3相组成.分析确定该合金熔体开始凝固时,首先析出亚稳的过饱和β(Co,Fe)2Si固溶体,随后发生脱溶转变析出第2相(Fe,Co)5Si3,亚稳的p(co,Fe)2Si转变为稳定的α(CO,Fe)2Si.研究发现,随着过冷度的增大,β(Co,Fe)2Si枝晶生长速度呈指数增长趋势.     

碳饱和熔铁中钛溶解度的实验研究

利用过饱和析出法和热力学,研究了多元体系熔铁中Ti的溶解度.结果表明,熔铁中与Ti（C,N）平衡的Ti溶解度值远小于与TiC平衡的Ti溶解度值,Ti在铁液中的溶解度与温度近似成线性正比关系,Ti溶解度与N2分压成反比关系,采用现有的热力学数据计算的Ti溶解度值要略低于实验值,但变化规律一致.随着Ti（C,N）在铁液中的形成,铁液粘度增大.     

X60管线钢连铸过程碳、氮化物的析出热力学研究

连铸工艺中不同温度区间内析出的碳化物、氮化物对钢的高温力学性能有重要影响。基于规则溶液理论对X60管线钢在液相、凝固过程及奥氏体相3个阶段析出的微合金元素碳化物、氮化物进行热力学分析与计算,研究析出物的析出相阶段、析出温度及析出顺序,探讨固—液两相阶段由于溶质元素富集而导致析出物溶度积增大、增大析出可能性的因素。计算结果表明：TiN在高温固—液两相区中开始析出,析出温度为1 781 K,奥氏体相区第二相析出物为NbC,NbN,AlN,TiC。     

X80管线钢中氮化物和碳化物析出热力学分析

基于规则熔体理论和平衡反应基础,对连铸工序X80管线钢中碳化物、氮化物析出进行热力学分析,研究Ti、Nb及Al的碳化物、氮化物析出规律。结果表明,固液两相区,TiC0.005N0.995和TiN分别在1785K和1784K时开始析出;奥氏体相区,碳化物、氮化物析出先后顺序为NbC0.64N0.36、NbC、NbN、AlN、TiC,相应析出温度为1457、1404、1354、1267、1226K;γ→α相变过程中,TiC发生相间析出,Nb主要以NbC形式析出,AlN析出量较少。     

As-cast microstructures of Ti-11 Al- xC alloys

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Kinetics of Combustion Synthesis in Ti-C-3Ni-Al System

The Kinetics and mechanisms of the combustion reaction in theTi-C-3Ni-Al system were studied. Samples were prepared by igniting compacts of elemental Ti, C, Ni and Al powders with a heating tungsten coil under an inert argon atmosphere. The activation energies of Ti+C+50wt%(3Ni+Al)→TiC+50%Ni3Al and Ti+C+80wt%(3Ni+Al) →TiC+80%Ni3Al exothermic reactions were determined by measuring the combustion wave velocity and the combustion temperature, which are 129kJ.mol-1 and 79kJ*mol-1, respectively. The mechanism of formation of products for Ti-C-3Ni-Al system was found:metal phases (Ti-3Ni-Al) are melted in combustion process,and carbon dissolves into the liquid metal and TiC is subsequently precipitated out of solution, and Ni3Al is crystallized during the cooling process. The mechanism is fairly similar with that of Ti+C→TiC and Ti+C+Ni→TiC+Ni. There are two reactions (Ti+C→TiC, 3Ni+Al→Ni3Al) in the Ti+C+3Ni+Al system, and the wave velocity is mainly controlled by the velocity of Ti + C→TiC, but the velosity of 3Ni+Al→Ni3Al may play a significant role when Ni3Al contents are higher than 70wt%.     

Instability of TiC and TiAl3 compounds in Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys by addition of Al-Ti-C master alloy

The performance of Al-Ti-C master alloy in refining Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys was studied by using electron probe micro-analyzer （EPMA） and X-ray diffractometer （XRD） analysis. The results indicate that there are obvious fading phenomena in both Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys with the addition of Al-5Ti-0.4C refiner which contains TiC and TiAl3 compounds. Mg element has no influence on the stability of TiC and TiAl3, while TiC particles in Al-10Mg alloy react with Al to form Al4C3 particles, resulting in the refinement fading. However, TiC particles are relatively stable in Al-5Cu alloy, while TiAl3 phase reacts with Al2Cu to produce a new phase Ti（Al, Cu）2, which is responsible for the refinement fading in Al-5Cu alloy. These indicate that the refinement fading will not occur only when both the TiC particles and TiAl3 compound of Al-Ti-C refiner are stable in Al alloys.     

Al-Ti-C grain refiner made by ultrasonic levitation

An electrostrictive uniaxial ultrasonic levitation reaction system was designed to perform TiC synthesis reaction by suspending graphite powder in Al-3Ti melt and an Al-3Ti-0.15C grain refiner alloy was obtained. The results show that sound pressure node in which graphite suspends is formed in the melt between radiation block and reflecting board by ultrasonic and TiAl3 particles congregate around C powder. Meanwhile, due to ultrasonic cavitation, dissolved TiAl3 provides better surface condition for the synthesis reaction of TiC. The reaction route is that C and dissolved Ti react to form TiC. Ultrasonic cavitation has a thermal activation effect on TiC particles and Al-3Ti-0.15C refiner has excellent microstructural refining effect on α-Al.     

电场作用下压力对Fe-Ti-C体系低温燃烧合成的影响

采用Gleeble 1500D热模拟机，对电场作用下压力对55％（wt）（Ti＋C）-45％（wt）Fe体系低温燃烧合成过程和产物显微结构特征的影响进行研究。结果表明，在电场和大热流密度作用下，体系的点火温度可以大幅降低，当压力为0～6MPa时，点火温度在310～464℃范围内。压力对体系的低温燃烧合成有较大影响，在加热过程中施加一较小的压力，不仅可以降低点火温度，还能获得细小的TiC颗粒；而过高的压力将会导致点火温度的提高，且所获得的TiC颗粒有所增大。压力对体系点火延迟时间的影响规律与点火温度相同，而对体系所达到的最高温度影响相对较小；但压力对燃烧合成产物的相组成影响不大，都由Fe、TiC和少量Fe2Ti组成。     

机械诱发自蔓延反应合成Ti3AlC2的机理研究

以3Ti／Al／2C粉体为原料,采用机械合金化的方法以合成Ti3AlC2材料。研究结果表明,在机械合金化过程中诱发自蔓延反应,反应会产生大量坚硬的小块体颗粒,大小约为0．2-11mm。粉体的组成相为TiC、Ti3AlC2、Ti2AlC,而块体仅含有TiC和Ti3AlC2。获得的粉体和块体产物中Ti3AlC2含量分别约为63wt％和84．8wt％。提出了一个机械诱发自蔓延反应合成Ti3AlC2的反应机制,即Ti3AlC2是从固相TiC与Ti-Al液相中形核并长大。     

Synthesis of Ti3SiC2/TiB2 Composite by In-situ Hot Pressing (HP) Method

Ti3SiC2/TiB2 composite was successfully obtained by hot pressing Ti/TiC/Si/B4C power mixtures.Volume fraction of TiB2 in Ti3SiC2/TiB2 composite can not exceed 10%.Incorporation of excessive TiB2 will affect the reactions process.TiC and Ti5Si3 were two important intermediate phases during the whole reactions.The microstructure characteristics of the Ti3SiC2/TiB2 composites were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The experimental results show that the grains of Ti3SiC2/TiB2 composite are structured in a layered form,and the formation of TiB2 particles as reinforcements with elongated or equiaxed shape distributes in Ti3SiC2 matrix.     

Thermodynamic Stability of the Molding Materials for Casting Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

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