蚌埠市蔬菜重金属含量及食用安全性评价

测定了蚌埠市蔬菜中重金属质量比,采用单因子污染指数法、综合污染指数法和目标危害系数法对其污染程度及食用安全性进行评价。结果表明,蚌埠市蔬菜中Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg质量比平均值依次为0.1081、0.0252、0.0812、0.0253、0.0011mg·kg-1,除Pb元素外,其它均低于蔬菜卫生标准。单因子污染指数法评价结果表明,空心菜的Pb元素为轻污染;其它蔬菜各元素为清洁水平。综合污染指数法评价结果显示,辣椒、茄子、豆角、黄瓜、丝瓜和上海青为安全等级;空心菜为警戒线水平。蔬菜重金属THQ（Target Hazard Quotient）均值从大到小依次为:Cr、Pb、Cd、As、Hg,成人和儿童的健康风险指数均小于1,单一重金属对人群健康风险不明显。复合健康风险指数从高到低依次为:上海青、空心菜、辣椒、茄子、豆角、丝瓜和黄瓜。上海青和空心菜对儿童存在健康风险,上海青对成人存在健康风险,其它蔬菜对人群健康风险不明显。食用本地蔬菜摄入的重金属对儿童造成的健康风险高于成人,儿童不宜食用本地产的叶菜类蔬菜,成人慎食。      

烟台市售蔬菜的重金属含量及食用安全性评价

目的对烟台市售蔬菜重金属食用安全性进行评价。方法根据GB5009.12-2010、GB/T5009.15-2003、GB/T 5009.17-2003、GB/T 5009.11-2003分别对烟台市售蔬菜中的铅(plumbum,Pb)、镉(cadmium,Cd)、总汞(total mercury,Hg)、总砷(total arsenic,As)的含量进行检测,采用单因子污染指数法、综合污染指数法和目标危害系数法对蔬菜的食用安全性进行评价。结果烟台市蔬菜中Pb、Cd、Hg和As含量平均值依次为0.028、0.0044、0.00036、0.011 mg/kg,均低于蔬菜卫生标准。单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法评价结果表明,蔬菜各元素为清洁水平,各类蔬菜均为安全等级。蔬菜中各重金属的目标危害系数(target hazard quotient,THQ)均值大小为:PbCdAsHg,均小于1,单一重金属对人群健康风险不明显。复合健康风险指数从高到低依次为:鳞茎蔬菜、叶菜类蔬菜、茎类蔬菜、甘蓝类/芸薹类、块根和块茎类蔬菜、鲜豆类蔬菜、非葫芦科茄果类蔬菜及瓜菜类(葫芦科)。结论各类市售蔬菜对人群健康风险不大,但是儿童的健康风险要高于成人。     

Heavy metal uptake in the enological food chain

The research presented here describes the assessment of a number of physiological and xenobiotic metal concentrations occurring throughout the enological production processes of two native wines from Irpinia, Aglianico and Fiano of Avellino. In order to evaluate the wines’ metal content throughout the entire wine-making process, samples of grapes and musts from both wines were taken at time intervals during the fermentation and maturation phases. Copper, chromium, nickel, iron, zinc, lead and cadmium levels were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentration of metals obtained were compared to the limits fixed by the Organization Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin (O.I.V.) and in the Italian ad European legislation.     

Heavy metals in vegetables sold in the local market in Jordan

Heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in various vegetables (cabbage, green onion, lettuce, parsley, rocket, spinach, carrot, onion, potato and cauliflower) from the market in Jordan were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn ranged from 0.009–0.275 mg kg^?1 wet weight, 0.004–0.060 mg kg^?1, 0.003–0.401 mg kg^?1, 0.105–3.51 mg kg^?1, 0.15–1.15 mg kg^?1, 0.93–14.39 mg kg^?1, 0.044–0.702 mg kg^?1, 0.072–0.289 mg kg^?1 and 2.23–6.65 mg kg^?1, respectively. Parsley, followed by spinach, contained the highest concentration of heavy metals. Onion contained high levels of toxic heavy metals. The content of Cu in parsley and spinach and Pb in onion exceeded the Codex limits. However, the daily intake of heavy metals from the tested vegetables was lower than the maximum limits for allowable intake.     

Heavy metals in edible mushrooms in Italy

The distribution of arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and selenium was investigated in 1194 samples of 60 species of common, edible mushrooms collected mainly in the province of Reggio Emilia, Italy. The quantitative determination of heavy metals (mg/kg dry weight) was carried out by spectrophotometry, with the exception of Hg, which was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.     

Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables irrigated with water from different sources

The present study was carried out to assess levels of different heavy metals like iron, manganese, copper and zinc, in vegetables irrigated with water from different sources. The results indicated a substantial build-up of heavy metals in vegetables irrigated with wastewater. The range of various metals in wastewater-irrigated plants was 116–378, 12–69, 5.2–16.8 and 22–46 mg/kg for iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), respectively. The highest mean levels of Fe and Mn were detected in mint and spinach, whereas the levels of Cu and Zn were highest in carrot. The present study highlights that both adults and children consuming vegetables grown in wastewater-irrigated soils ingest significant amount of these metals. However, the values of these metals were below the recommended maximum tolerable levels proposed by the [Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (1999). Summary and conclusions. In 53rd Meeting, Rome, June 1–10, 1999]. However, the regular monitoring of levels of these metals from effluents and sewage, in vegetables and in other food materials is essential to prevent excessive build-up of these metals in the food chain.     

Heavy metal concentrations in raw milk collected from different regions of Samsun,Turkey

In this study, 144 raw milk samples were analysed for heavy metal contamination derived from emissions from industrial operations in Tekkekoy, Samsun, Turkey. Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As and Pb levels in samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The average amounts of copper, chromium, iron, zinc, nickel, cadmium, arsenic and lead were determined as 1.130, 0.441, 12.920, 0.032, 0.483, 0.006, 0.003 and 0.004 mg/kg, respectively. It was determined that the summer period has the highest levels for copper, lead and cadmium. The highest contents of arsenic and copper were found at the two industrial regions that were close to Black Sea, described as ‘1st’ and ‘2nd’ region. Whereas the 3rd and 4th regions that were far from an industrial zone and also from the Black Sea, nickel, lead and chromium had the highest levels.     

Heavy metal bioaccumulation by cultivated Agaricus bisporus from artificially enriched substrates

 Cultivated Agaricus bisporus possess the ability to bioaccumulate seven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn). The cultivated champignon mushroom A. bisporus was grown in soil composts of 16 different compositions. An edible mushroom, A. bisporus was also cultivated on humic compost artificially fortified with the seven heavy metals at five different concentrations (0.1 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 3.0 mg/kg, and 10.0 mg/kg) and on control substrate (0 mg/kg) on a dry weight basis. The method of measuring bioaccumulation was flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Received: 1 October 1997 / Revised version: 19 January 1998     

Accumulation and implications of cadmium,cobalt and manganese in soils and vegetables irrigated with city effluent

BACKGROUND: In most parts of Pakistan, untreated city effluent is utilised for growing vegetables around large urban settlements such as Faisalabad. Farmers use it as a source of irrigation water and plant nutrients. However, its continuous use may have serious environmental implications, since it also contains heavy metals. In this study the Faisalabad city effluent was examined for irrigation quality and its impact on irrigated soils and vegetables. RESULTS: Irrigation hazard of the effluent was moderate (electrical conductivity (EC) 1.1–1.7 dS m^?1, Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) 5.9–17.4 mmol^1/2 L^?1/2, Residual sodium carbonate (RSC) 1.0–2.1 mmol_c L^?1) at site 1 and strong (EC 3.7–4.1 dS m^?1, SAR 16.1–21.8 mmol^1/2 L^?1/2, RSC 4.0–9.1 mmol_c L^?1) at site 2. Mean concentrations of ammonium bicarbonate/diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (AB/DTPA)‐extractable Cd, Co and Mn at upper soil depth (0.0–0.2 m) were respectively 0.080, 0.057 and 217.4 mg kg^?1 at site 1 and 0.101, 0.076 and 164.1 mg kg^?1 at site 2. CONCLUSION: The concentrations of Cd and Mn were above the permissible limits but that of Co was below the permissible limit for irrigation. The concentrations of Cd, Co and Mn tended to decrease with increasing soil depth. Accumulation of metals was higher in leaves irrespective of whether leaves were the edible or non‐edible component of shoots. Use of untreated city effluent for irrigation without risk assessment and management could be a serious hazard, impacting soil and crop quality and ultimately human health. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

2019年河北省市售虾蛄(皮皮虾)重金属污染情况调查

目的 了解2019年河北省市售虾蛄中重金属污染情况.方法 按照《2019年河北省食品污染物风险监测方案》的要求,对河北省11个地市及雄安新区共计106份虾蛄样品进行Pb、Ni、Hg(总)、As(总)、Li、V、Mn、Ba、Cd、Cr、Al、Sb、Cu、Sn、Se共15种元素的检测,并对检测结果进行统计分析.结果 Hg、...     

干制食用菌中重金属含量及榛蘑中镉的分析

目的 评估吉林省市售6种干制食用菌安全性,幵研究榛蘑中重釐属镉的含量。方法 对购买的样品采用微波消解法迚行前处理,采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定铅和镉的含量,原子荧光法测定总砷和总汞的含量。结果 161批干制食用菌的平均含量顺序为PbAsCdHg,超标率为3.1%。2018年检测22批榛蘑中5批镉超标, 2016年检测13批榛蘑中1批镉超标。结论 我省市售食用菌木耳、香菇、猴头菇、滑子蘑、黄蘑、榛蘑重釐属平均含量均低于国家污染物限量标准,符合安全性要求。榛蘑中镉含量偏高,应对超标食用菌加强监测,对超标地区严格监管以确保食品安全。     

蔬菜硝酸盐污染现状及其食用安全性评价

通过分析测定9种主要蔬菜70个样品的硝酸盐含量,发现镇江地区根、茎、叶类蔬菜硝酸盐含量严重超标,其中尤以小青菜、茼蒿、芹菜、萝卜、蕹菜和苋菜最为突出,莴苣其次,生菜和土豆则较轻。同时评价了蔬菜的食用安全性,并提出了蔬菜硝酸盐污染的防治对策。     

Heavy metals concentrations in dairy cow feedstuffs from the south of Iran

ABSTRACT

Levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, copper and zinc elements in feedstuffs were measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. A total of 216 feedstuffs samples including corn silage, alfalfa hay, wheat straw, full ration pellet, wheat bran and barley were collected from polluted and unpolluted regions during four seasons and prepared with wet digestion. Lead and mercury concentrations did not differ significantly in various feedstuffs, but cadmium level was significantly the highest in barley samples (p < 0.05). All feed material samples had lead, cadmium and mercury concentrations well below the maximum levels allowed by the European Union. The lowest and highest levels of both copper and zinc were found in wheat straw and wheat bran, respectively, but their maximum content did not exceed the legal limits. In contrast to the sampling area, season significantly (P < 0.05) affected heavy metal levels, except for zinc, in feedstuffs.     

Heavy metal contamination of North Sea shrimp (Crangon crangon L.)

 Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) contents of common shrimp (Crangon crangon L.) from the German mud flats in the North Sea were investigated by means of atomic absorption spectrometry. The heavy metal contents of the 32 samples were low: 0.043±0.026 mg Cd, 0.019±0.011 mg Pb and 0.033±0.016 mg Hg (mean±SD) per kg wet weight. All of the samples contained lower amounts of the investigated elements than the levels of concern of the Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine, i.e. 0.5 mg Pb/kg, 0.1 mg Cd/kg and 0.5 mg Hg/kg wet weight; most of the samples showed significantly lower levels of contamination. Therefore, no risk to the consumer arises from the Cd, Pb and Hg contents of the shrimp caught in this area. The main reasons for the overall low levels of contamination might be the short period of feeding of the shrimp and, with respect to Pb, an active mechanism of secretion. Besides this, the heavy metal load of the shrimp depended on the fishing season (November or May). Received: 23 February 1998 / Revised version: 30 April 1998     

从蔬菜中回收细菌的前处理方法研究

目的结合细菌的回收效果,探究生菜和黄瓜微生物检测的最佳样品前处理方法。方法以生菜和黄瓜为研究对象,通过电镜观察细菌在经过样品处理后蔬菜中的附着与内化,结合细菌回收实验设计3种前处理方法,分别是不同取样量,不同取样部位和不同稀释方法,采用SPSS软件对3种处理下细菌的回收结果进行差异性分析。结果实验设计的3种方法对细菌的回收效果差异显著(P0.05)。黄瓜和生菜中微生物检测样品前处理方法选取50g取样量,并采用匀浆的方式最有效地回收细菌,取样部位如果考虑将食用风险最大化,建议选择表面取样,如果需考虑整体污染水平,建议对样品表面及内部进行整体取样。结论改进后的新鲜果蔬前处理方法能更有效地回收到果蔬样品中的细菌,对制订相关检测标准或是开展果蔬微生物研究样品前处理方法提供了有效建议。     

Heavy metals in some edible mushrooms from the Central Anatolia,Turkey

Eight trace elements (Pb, Cd, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr and Ni) in 15 different wild-growing edible mushroom species collected from Eski?ehir, Turkey were determined. The highest Pb, Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations were 11.72, 11460, 480 and 144.2 mg/kg (dry weight basis), respectively. All of these highest metal concentrations were determined in Lepista nuda. Cadmium and chromium were determined at the highest concentrations in Gymnopus dryophilus, 3.24 and 73.8 mg/kg, respectively. The highest zinc and nickel content were observed in Tricholoma equestre and Coprinus comatus as 173.8 and 58.60 mg/kg dry matter, respectively. Mushrooms species determined as important metal accumulators were L. nuda, G. dryophilus, T. equestre and C. comatus, in this study. Heavy metal contents of all analysed mushrooms were generally higher than previously reported in the literature.     

不同牧场鲜牛乳中重金属含量的研究

目的 考察4个牧场的生鲜牛乳的重金属污染情况,评估鲜牛乳原料的安全性.方法 采用国家标准检测方法对4个牧区的生牛乳中重金属铬、铅、汞以及金属砷进行检测,其中使用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铅和铬的含量,使用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定总砷含量,使用原子荧光光谱分析法测定总汞的含量.结果 铬含量最高的为DR牧场(0.052 ...     

可食性活性涂膜在鲜切果蔬保鲜中的应用

可食性涂膜是一种由天然可食性材料制成的选择透过性薄膜,具有调节果蔬内部气体交换、减少水分损失、降低腐烂率及延长货架期的特性,在果蔬包装及保鲜领域中已引起广泛关注。鲜切果蔬具有新鲜、方便、快捷等特点,已在全球范围内广泛供应餐饮业及零售业。可食性涂膜作为多种食品添加剂的载体常应用于生鲜产品中,且将活性添加剂与可食性涂膜结合可以延长鲜切果蔬的货架期,提高果蔬品质,减少果蔬表面致腐及致病菌增长的风险。可食性活性涂膜将作为一种绿色、安全、营养的保鲜技术,并将应用于鲜切果蔬保鲜领域的研究。本文综述了可食性涂膜的分类及其添加的抗菌剂、抗氧化剂、塑形剂、营养素等活性成分在鲜切果蔬保鲜中的应用,旨在开发用于鲜切果蔬保鲜的功能性可食性涂膜。     

可生食蔬菜中单核细胞增生李斯特菌生存特征研究

目的 探究可生食蔬菜品种、温度、接种部位对单核细胞增生李斯特菌（以下简称单增李斯特菌）存活的影响,为可生食蔬菜中单增李斯特菌的风险评估和关键控制措施提供理论依据。方法 以冻干定量单增李斯特菌为菌株来源,以彩椒、洋葱、黄瓜、圣女果和生菜5种可生食蔬菜的表面和切面为单增李斯特菌的接种点,在4 ℃、25 °C条件下培养7 d,定期监测每份样本中的单增李斯特菌的菌量,对其生长情况进行分析。结果 单增李斯特菌冻干菌种不同瓶间菌量均匀（F=1.923,P<0.05）,-20 ℃储存28 d后的复苏率为93.3%±4.2%。在4 ℃条件下,除了彩椒表面、黄瓜切面、生菜表面和生菜切面外,单增李斯特菌在其他蔬菜上放置7 d后均未见显著生长（δ<0.5 log₁₀ CFU/mL）。在25 ℃条件下,单增李斯特菌在彩椒、洋葱、圣女果、生菜以及黄瓜切面上均呈现为支持生长［δ为（1.16±0.35）~（2.68±0.18）log₁₀ CFU/mL］。单增李斯特菌在黄瓜切面、生菜表面和切面放置7 d后,菌量仍持续增长,在生菜的表面和切面生长趋势和浓度基本一致。结论 单增李斯特菌在可生食蔬菜上的存活能力与蔬菜种类、表面与切面、储存温度等条件密切相关,温度的控制对降低其在可生食蔬菜中的风险至关重要。生菜和切后的黄瓜作为单增李斯特菌高风险食品,应引起风险评估的重视。     

黑龙江省不同产地大米中几种重金属元素的检测及膳食风险评估

本文采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（inductively coupled plasma mass spectromery,ICP-MS）对黑龙江省查哈阳、五常、方正、响水、建三江五大水稻主产区大米中的镉、铅、铬、砷四种元素含量进行检测分析,并以每月摄入量值（EMI）值以及铅的暴露边界比（MOE）评估该地区居民膳食中大米的镉、铅、铬、砷暴露情况。结果表明：镉含量总体平均值为0.0085 mg/kg,铅含量总体平均值为0.0040 mg/kg,铬的总体平均值为0.107 mg/kg,砷的总体平均值为0.114 mg/kg,变异系数范围为0.329~2.533,均在未超出国家标准。黑龙江省人群铅的暴露边界比为45.06~982.48;镉、铬、砷的每月摄入量分别介于0.171～3.221 μg/kg?BW、11.773~26.491 μg/kg?BW、22.596~31.394 μg/kg?BW之间,分别占JECFA规定限值的0.6%~12.8%、46.7%~92.2%、1.5%~2.1%,均未超出JECFA规定的限值。黑龙江省五大主产区大米中镉、铅、砷、铬四种元素含量及人群摄入总体处于安全水平。