基于卷积神经网络的图像分类算法

针对传统图像分类方法分类精度不高的问题,文章采用了两层卷积和池化的卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network, CNN)算法来对图像进行分类。从不同方面将CNN与支持向量机(Support Vector Machines, SVM)、反向传播算法(Back Propagation, BP)进行图像分类的准确率对比,实验结果表明,CNN算法图像分类的准确率高于其它两种算法。     

基于细胞图卷积的组织病理图像分类研究

针对传统CNN（Convolutional Neural Network）在组织病理图像分类中存在的两个问题：其一,受限于内存大小,CNN无法对高分辨率的病理图像直接进行训练,这不可避免地破坏了细胞之间的空间结构信息,且无法学习全局的特征信息;其二,病理图像中的正常细胞和癌变细胞均有自身的病理学图像特征并且在空间上具有一定的关联性,但在结构化的二维阵列图像中无法被充分的表达。提出一种基于细胞图卷积（Cell-Graph Convolutional Network,C-GCN）的组织病理图像分类方法,将高分辨率的病理图像转换为图结构,在传统的GCN中将GraphSAGE（Graph SAmple and aggregate）模块与图池化相结合,提取出更具有代表性的一般性特征,使得C-GCN可以直接在高分辨率的组织学图像中学习特征,提高了模型的鲁棒性。     

基于多面部特征融合的驾驶员疲劳检测算法

本文将卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network,CNN）应用到视频理解中,提出一种基于多面部特征融合的驾驶员疲劳检测算法.本文使用多任务级联卷积网络（Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Networks,MTCNN）定位驾驶员的嘴部、左眼,使用CNN从驾驶员嘴部、左眼图像中提取静态特征,结合CNN从嘴部、左眼光流图中提取动态特征进行训练分类.实验结果表明,该算法比只使用静态图像进行驾驶员疲劳检测效果更好,准确率达到87.4%,而且可以很好地区别在静态图像中很相似的打哈欠和讲话动作.     

基于多通路CNN的多模态MRI神经胶质瘤分割

由于传统卷积神经网络CNN(Convolutional Neural Networks)受卷积核尺度的限制,容易丢失磁共振成像MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging)脑肿瘤图像的全局信息,而且卷积、池化的过程会导致网络浅层的部分信息丢失,造成基于CNN的脑肿瘤分割特征信息不足,分割精度不高。针对上述问题,提出一种具有全局通路,同时结合网络浅层信息的多通路CNN模型,用来完成多模态MRI脑部神经胶质瘤的全自动分割任务。算法主要思想:将三维多模态MRI图像沿轴向切片化,在相同序列的切片上按比例选取尺度为33×33像素的图像块,得到训练集;将训练集图像块输入多通路CNN模型进行训练;将测试集输入训练好的模型,将脑肿瘤从脑部MRI图像中正确分割出来,并具体划分为坏死、水肿、增强和非增强四种区域,利用模型评估参数Dice系数、敏感度(Sensitivity)系数和特异度(Specificity)系数评测模型的质量。实验结果表明,该方法操作简单,能够有效地完成脑肿瘤的分割任务。     

基于双池化特征加权结构CNN的图像分类

传统的池化方式会造成特征信息丢失,导致卷积神经网络中提取的特征信息不足。为了提高卷积神经网络在图像分类过程中的准确率,优化其学习性能,本文在传统池化方式的基础上提出一种双池化特征加权结构的池化算法,利用最大池化和平均池化2种方式保留更多的有价值的特征信息,并通过遗传算法对模型进行优化。通过训练不同池化方式的卷积神经网络,研究卷积神经网络在不同数据集上的分类准确率和收敛速度。实验在遥感图像数据集NWPU-RESISC45和彩色图像数据集Cifar-10上对采用几种池化方式的卷积神经网络分类结果进行对比验证,结果分析表明：双池化特征加权结构使得卷积神经网络的分类准确率有很大程度的提高,同时模型的收敛速度得到进一步提高。     

基于生成对抗网络的乳腺癌病理图像可疑区域标记

本论文针对乳腺癌病理图像分析提出新的方法进行图像特征提取和可疑区域标记。由于深度神经网络,例如 VGG,GoogleNet,ResNet 等,均需要大量的标注样本才能完成训练,而医疗影像图像的标记成本很高,并不能为训练复杂的网络提供足够的训练数据。本论文借鉴生成对抗网络(Generative Adversarial Network, GAN) 的思想,提出基于弱监督学习的病理图像可疑区域标记网络,首先利用少量有标记的病理图像数据来训练分类模型,即判断该图像是否是乳腺癌,然后通过融合该网络提取到的具有判别力的特征来对可疑区域进行标记。由本文提出的网络在已有的国外乳腺癌病理图像数据集上达到的平均准确率为 83.8%,比基于卷积神经网络 (Convolutional Neural Network,CNN) 的分类方法在准确率上分别高 3 个百分点,说明该网络提取到的特征具有更好的判别力,不仅能够提高分类模型的准确率,还更有助于对病理图像的可疑区域进行标记。     

基于深度学习的鱼类分类算法研究

回顾近年来国内外对鱼类分类的研究进展,指出传统方法存在的缺陷。深度学习是目前图像分类的主流方法。研究基于卷积神经网络CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)的鱼类分类模型,并以该模型为基础,进一步提出利用迁移学习,以预训练网络的特征结合SVM算法(Pre CNN+SVM)的混合分类模型。实验以Fish4-Knowledge(F4 K)作为数据集,使用Tensor Flow训练网络模型。实验结果表明,利用Pre CNN+SVM算法,取得了98.6%的准确率,较传统方法有显著提高。对于小规模数据集,有效解决了需要人工提取特征的不可迁移性。     

基于深度学习的垃圾图片处理与识别

针对城市环境卫生提出的对市民生活垃圾进行分类回收的要求,考虑计算机卷积神经网络在图片分类中的强大表现,提出了基于深度学习中卷积神经网络对垃圾图片处理以及输出识别的新模型与方法。针对目前图像局部特征表达存在的复杂性,模糊性等不足,采用特征多层池化以及系统神经网络学习的方式进行优化。同时在ResNet101模型的基础上设计并构建了基于CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)算法的新模型框架,此系统模型也能实现端与端的实时识别。新模型提高了对训练样本图像信息提取的精确度以及图片识别的准确率,实验表明识别准确率平均提高了10%。为未来实现人工智能垃圾分类提供图像识别模型基础。     

基于候选区域和并行卷积神经网络的行人检测

针对行人在部分自然场景图像中所占比例较小（以下简称小目标）,提取的特征容易丢失,检测准确率低的问题,提出基于候选区域和并行卷积神经网络（Parallel Convolutional Neural Network,PCNN）的行人检测方法。对于候选区域提取部分,改进了选择性搜索,使其更符合行人这一类别的候选区域提取;利用Edge Boxes对选择性搜索提取的大量预候选区域进行过滤,最终得到数量少、质量高的候选区域。在利用卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network,CNN）进行特征提取时,针对深层卷积神经网络能够提取到更丰富更抽象的高层特征,但同时对于小目标容易造成特征丢失的问题,加入浅层网络组成并行卷积神经网络（Parallel Convolutional Neural Network,PCNN）提取深、浅层特征输出。最后将所提方法应用于行人检测,实验结果表明,所提方法对于小目标的检测准确率有较好的提升。     

基于多层次CNN特征融合的深度估计算法

由于在深度卷积网络中，深度估计的最终结果往往只利用到了网络的高层特征信息，对于底层特征的信息难以利用。为了解决这个问题，提出融合多层次特征的CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)深度估计方法。高层特征一般包含了图像整体的空间结构信息，而底层特征往往会包含大量的物体细节信息。网络对于底层特征的信息利用不足，造成深度估计的效果比较模糊。为了解决这一问题，采用融合多层次特征的方法，通过设定特定的网络结构，结合反卷积和池化方法，融合不同层次的CNN特征，使得网络能够同时利用底层与高层信息进行深度估计。通过在KITTI与ApolloScape数据集上的实验证明，该方法有效地提高了深度估计的精度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.