铝/钛异种合金激光深熔钎焊试验分析

采用3500W板条式扩散冷却CO2激光器,利用激光深熔钎焊原理对3mm厚6061铝合金和钛合金进行异种金属激光焊接.聚焦激光作用在铝合金一侧为深熔焊,熔化的铝合金浸润钛合金界面形成钎焊接头.拉伸试验发现,断裂均发生在界面处,通过Olympus金相显微镜观察发现断口存在部分未熔合.结果表明,降低焊接速度,并采用合适的偏焦量,负离焦量和偏转角度可以改善界面的熔合.     

铝/钢异种金属Nd:YAG激光-MIG复合热源熔-钎焊接工艺

铝与钢异种金属的优质高效焊接一直是焊接领域的一项技术难题.针对铝与钢焊接的技术困难和特点,提出了可实现铝与钢熔-钎连接的大光斑激光-电弧复合热源焊接方法,用该焊接方法实现了5A02铝合金板与镀锌钢板的优质高效连接.试验结果分析表明,接头钢母材未发生熔化,焊缝与钢母材为钎焊连接,拉伸试样的破坏位置发生在接头铝母材热影响区,接头的抗拉强度与铝合金电弧熔化焊接头强度相当.     

钢铝异种金属对接接头激光填丝熔钎焊工艺研究

采用光纤激光和铝硅焊丝对2.5 mm厚6013铝合金和镀锌低碳钢的异种金属对接接头进行了激光填丝熔钎焊,试验研究了激光功率、偏移量、送丝速度等焊接工艺参数以及坡口角度对焊缝成形的影响,表征了典型焊缝界面处的微观组织,评估了钢/铝熔钎焊对接接头的抗拉强度。试验结果表明:在适当焊接参数下可以获得成形良好、无气孔缺陷和裂纹,且具有一定抗拉强度的钢/铝对接接头。在钢板采用30°坡口时,接头最大抗拉强度为88 MPa,45°坡口时强度可以达到135 MPa。     

铝/钢异种合金激光-电弧复合焊接接头的界面性能及抗拉强度

以铝硅共晶合金Al-12Si为填充材料,采用光纤激光-冷金属过度(CMT)复合焊接技术制备铝/钢异种金属优质对接接头。通过SEM、EDS和XRD分析,结果表明:不锈钢和熔合区界面存在明显的金属间化合物(IMCs)层。从接头上部到下部,IMCs界面层逐渐增厚,并由锯齿状变成板块状。IMCs层通常表现为两层结构,分别为靠近钢基体侧的θ-Fe4(Al,Si)13层和靠近焊缝侧的τ5-Al8(Fe,Cr)2Si层组成。当激光偏移量为0.4 mm时,热输入的优化范围为80~110 J/mm。在此范围内,IMCs界面层厚度范围为3~8.5μm,接头抗拉强度大于130 MPa,达到铝母材的80%以上。     

铝／钛异种合金激光熔钎焊接头界面特性

以铝硅共晶合金为填充材料,采用激光熔钎焊的方法对铝／钛异种合金进行焊接,获得了同时具有熔焊和钎焊双重特征的焊接接头。由于激光局部加热并且有很高的冷却速度,发现在钛合金附近的钎焊界面形成了特殊的形态结构。结果表明,获得的钛合金钎焊区界面金属间化合物厚度很薄,仅在10μm以下。焊缝上部界面金属间化合物较厚,主要呈锯齿状;焊缝下部界面金属间化合物厚度不足1μm,呈薄层状。界面金属间化合物的主要成分为TiAl3,以Ti（SiAl1-x）3结构的置换固溶体形式存在。底部界面容易成为裂纹产生的源头,裂纹多沿界面附近焊缝中的共晶组织扩展,接头的平均抗拉强度为铝母材的85％左右。     

核电异种金属焊接材料及方法研究现状

异种金属焊接接头开裂是导致核电事故的主要原因,急需开发新材料新技术,提高焊缝质量。传统电弧焊方法存在效率低、热输入大和变形严重等问题。窄间隙电弧焊的热输入、填充量、变形量等都比传统电弧焊低。与窄间隙电弧焊相比,窄间隙激光填丝焊坡口更窄、热输入更低、变形更小、精度更高。研究表明,窄间隙激光填丝焊可获得满足核电压力容器制造要求的焊缝,有望成为异种金属连接新方法。然而,现有窄间隙激光填丝焊采用常规激光及单焊丝填充,仍存在3个主要问题：一是界面容易产生未熔合问题;二是熔融金属粘度大,熔池流动性差,合金元素分布不均匀;三是低熔点共晶相沿晶界析出过多,无法兼顾焊缝抗液化裂纹、应力腐蚀裂纹和高温失塑裂纹能力。研究表明,焊接热源和焊材是解决上述问题的2个关键因素。创新点：(1)系统论述了核电异种金属焊接材料的发展及其趋势。(2)窄间隙激光焊接有潜力成为核电异种金属连接的新方法。(3)焊接热源和焊材是解决窄间隙激光填丝焊界面未熔合、熔池流动性差低及低熔点共晶相沿晶界析出过多等问题的2个关键因素。     

高频感应焊接的特点及其在异种金属焊接中的应用

回顾了高频感应的定义和发展,介绍了高频感应加热焊接的基本原理和其加热速度快,焊接热影响区小,能量集中,冷却时间短以及环保、节能等特点.针对异种金属焊接存在的难点,综述了常用的焊接方法及其优缺点.高频感应焊的快速加热和表面集肤效应的特点,使其能够实现异种金属钎焊和表面熔覆焊的冶金结合,接头性能优良.指出感应圈的形状及其与...     

铜/镀锌钢异种金属Nd:YAG激光-脉冲MIG复合热源钎接焊

将激光一电弧复合热源焊接应用于铜与钢的熔一钎连接,用该焊接方法实现了T2紫铜合金板与镀锌钢板的优质连接。结果表明,焊接接头钢母材未发生熔化而铜合金母材熔化,其焊缝与钢母材为钎焊连接,拉伸试验中试样的断裂位置发生在焊缝铜母材热影响区,焊接热影响区略有软化。断口分析发现,接头的断裂属于塑性断裂。高倍电镜分析表明,焊缝钎焊连接界面处未见钢溶蚀及Cu沿铁素体晶界侵入现象;能谱分析结果表明,焊接接头中Cu,Fe原子分别向对方基体进行了良好的扩散,二者在钎焊连接界面处形成了Cu—Fe固溶体,并且在接头的钎焊连接界面处有Si元素的富集现象。     

Microstructure characteristics of dissimilar metal weld between aluminum alloy and brass

Dissimilar metal joining between 5A02 aluminum alloy and H62 brass sheets was conducted by gas tungsten arc welding with Zn-15% Al and Al-12% Si flux-cored filler wires. The microstructure in the weld and distribution of major alloying elements in the intelfacial layer were examined, and the tensile strength of the resultant joints was measured. Pores appeared in the weld made with Zn-15% Al flax-cored filler wire, the interracial layer mainly consisted of AlCu phase, and the specimens fractured through the weld with tensile strength of 129 MPa. When Al-12% Si flux-cored filler wire was used, Cu diffused into the weld and Al2 Cu phase formed, and the specimens fractured along the interfacial layer with tensile strength of 122 MPa.     

镁铝异种金属激光-TIG复合热源焊焊接性分析

采用激光-TIG复合热源和TIG焊接异种金属镁和铝，利用X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜和扫描电镜研究镁和铝焊接接头的微观组织、元素分布。结果表明，TIG焊接镁和铝形成连续的金属间化合物层，导致镁和铝接触的界面开裂，不能实现有效的连接。激光-TIG复合热源由于其焊接速度高和对熔池的快速搅拌作用，使镁和铝形成的金属间化合物由连续的层状变成弥散的状态，改善了异种金属镁和铝的焊接性。镁和铝激光-TIG复合热源焊接的焊缝成形均匀，美观。     

Laser brazing of a dissimilar joint of austenitic stainless steel and pure copper

In many industries, there are applications that require the joining of stainless steel and copper components; therefore, the welding of dissimilar stainless steel/copper joints is a common process. For this investigation, the optimal brazing conditions and suitable filler metals for laser brazing of stainless steel/copper lap joints were studied. Tensile shear force increases with increases in the laser spot diameter or in the laser irradiation angle, which is associated with increased bonding width; however, as bonding width approaches 2 mm, tensile shear force reaches a saturated value due to fracturing at the HAZ of the Cu base plate. In order to obtain joints with high tensile shear strength, laser brazing was optimized by using Cu–Si-based filler metal under the following conditions: laser power, 4 kW; spot diameter, 3 mm; laser irradiation angle, 80°; irradiation position shift, 0.6 mm; brazing speed, 0.30 m/min; and filler metal feed speed, 0.30 min. Concerning filler metals, it was found that the Ni–Cu type showed relatively large tensile shear force even at high welding speeds in comparison with those of the Cu–Si, Cu, Cu–Ni, Ni–Cu and Ni types, respectively.     

机床用铝合金/不锈钢的异质搅拌摩擦焊工艺

采用不同工艺参数下的搅拌摩擦焊对接焊方法,进行了机床用6063铝合金/304L不锈钢的异质焊接试验,并进行了接头的X光无损检测以及显微组织和力学性能测试。结果表明,搅拌头旋转速度500~650 r/min、焊接速度155~185 mm/min时可获得良好的焊接接头;接头抗拉强度可达139 MPa,达到6063铝合金母材抗拉强度的67%,达到304L不锈钢母材抗拉强度的17%。搅拌头旋转速度优选550 r/min、焊接速度优选180 mm/min。     

激光焊接中激光聚焦技术的研究

激光焊接中，激光聚焦特性的好坏是影响焊接质量的关键因素。本文首先对透射聚焦和反射聚焦进行了概述，然后对一些新的聚焦技术如多焦点技术、旋转焦点技术等进行了介绍，并分析了多焦点技术对激光焊接速度和焊缝质量的影响，证明多焦点技术的优越性。     

Mechanical properties of laser-pressure-welded joint between dissimilar galvannealed steel and pure aluminium

Dissimilar metal joints of Zn-coated Galvannealed steel (GA steel) and commercially available pure aluminium (A1050) sheets were produced by changing the laser power and the roller pressure by the laser pressure welding method. By this method, the YAG laser beam was irradiated into a flare groove made by these dissimilar metal sheets. In addition, the laser beam was scanned at various frequencies and patterns through the fθ lens using two-dimensional scanning mirrors. Then the sheets were pressed by the pressure rolls to be joined.

The compound layers in the weld interface were observed by an optical microscope and the layer thicknesses were measured. The thicknesses ranged from 7 to 20 μm. The mechanical properties of the welded joints were evaluated by the tensile-shear test and peel test. In the tensile-shear test, the strengths of the joints produced under the most welding conditions were so high that the fracture occurred through the base aluminium sheet. In the peel test of the specimens subjected to a laser beam of 1200–1400 W power under roller pressure of 2.94 kN, the specimen fracture took place in the base aluminium sheet. Even if the compound layer was thick, high joint strength was obtained. On the other hand, the specimen fractured in the weld interface at a laser power of 1500 W. The results of X-ray diffraction on the peel test specimen surface identified that the intermetallic compound on the GA steel side was Fe₂Al₅Zn_0.4. Moreover, the aluminium parts adhering to the GA steel side were confirmed. These results suggest that the fracture in the peel test occurred between the compound layer and A1050 and partly in the base aluminium. A micro-Vickers hardness test was performed to examine the hardness distribution in the compound layer. The hardness values near A1050 and GA steel were about 100 and 470 Hv, respectively, which suggests that the compound layer should not necessarily consist of brittle intermetallic compounds. It is therefore concluded that laser pressure welding could produce high strength joints of GA steel and A1050 dissimilar materials.     

先进表征技术在铝/铜异种金属激光焊接中的应用

铝/铜异种金属激光焊接工艺已成为化工、制冷、航空、航天、汽车等领域电子电器元件制造的关键连接技术,但高反射率使得这两种金属对于激光的吸收率非常低,焊后依然会出现脆性金属间化合物,使力学性能急剧降低.材料表征是材料科学与工程研究及应用的重要手段和方法,目的就是要了解、获知材料的成分、组织结构、性能以及它们之间的关系.机器...