入河排污口调查中有关问题分析

从调查内容、调查方法、评价方法、数据汇总等方面分析讨论了入河排污口调查与监测中涉及的有关技术问题。入河排污口调查与监测工作,对于掌握流域入河污染物排放总量和排放规律,为排污口治理、水资源保护和管理提供了基础信息,对强化水功能区管理具有重要意义。     

临汾市废污水调查分析方法与环境影响分析

叙述了临汾市现状入河排污口的水量、水质的调查方法,对全市排污口的现状进行了分析,全面掌握了临汾市入河排污口的分布及其污染程度,为进一步加强入河排污口管理与水资源保护提供依据。     

关于加强入河排污口监督管理的思考与建议

结合近期开展的一些调查研究工作,重点分析了加强入河排污口监督管理的必要性,剖析了入河排污口监督管理工作存在的主要问题:基层对入河排污口监管工作认识不足、入河排污口台账信息掌握不全、入河排污口设置同意与登记及审批程序未有效落实、入河排污口监控手段落后、入河排污口监测监控能力不足、入河排污口监督性监测和日常督查工作不健全、社会公众的监督作用没有得到充分发挥、现行法律法规对入河排污口监督管理工作的支撑作用不强,提出了进一步加强监督管理的建议:摸清现状、完善台账、设立入河排污口标示标牌、强化入河排污口监测监控、强化管理能力建设、加大监管执法与考核力度、建立入河排污口监督管理公众参与的激励机制、完善法规制度、强化对违法企业的约束作用。     

大庆市入河排污口的调查与法制化管理

入河排污口调查是水功能区监督管理和实施入河排污口审查同意制度的基础工作,实施入河排污口的法制化建设,是适应新时期对流域水资源保护新的要求,是改善人民群众生活质量,推进和谐社会建设,实现流域水功能区划水质保护目标、总量管理、入河污染物控制及削减的基石和落脚点.加强对入河排污口的监督管理是加强水资源保护,实现水资源可持续利用的重要保障.     

实施长江大保护必须提升长江入河排污口监管水平——关于进一步加强长江入河排污口监督管理的建议

长江是我国重要的生态宝库,实施长江大保护必须提升长江入河排污口监管水平。通过对长江入河排污口监督管理现状进行梳理分析,针对长江入河排污口监督管理存在的入河排污口监管法律制度不完善、流域机构在入河排污口监督管理中作用发挥不充分、入河排污口布局不合理、登记核查制度不完善、入河排污口设置管理不到位、监测监控能力不强、监管手段缺乏等问题,从加强入河排污口监管立法、充实并增强长江委监督管理职能和定位、优化长江入河排污口空间布局、切实加强入河排污口监管制度建设、有效加强长江入河排污口设置管理、健全长江入河排污口风险管理和应急管理体系、切实加强长江入河排污口综合整治和督促检查等方面提出了加强长江入河排污口监督管理的相关建议。通过以上措施,可以逐步修复和改善长江流域人居生态环境,为长江经济带的可持续发展提供重要保障。     

辽宁省入河排污口情况普查与分析

文中根据辽宁省入河排污口普查资料,对入河排污口的分布、排放废水来源、排放废水方式、排污口登记等情况进行了分析.并针对调查情况对今后排污口的规划和管理提出了改进建议.     

甘肃省入河排污口管理现状及对策分析

在甘肃省水利厅的统一安排部署下,厅属各级水务部门开展了入河排污口调查摸底专项行动,全面摸清了甘肃省入河排污口的分布、审批登记、监督管理、日常监测、废污水和主要污染物的入河量等信息。总结摸底调查中发现入河排污口在设置、监测和管理等方面存在的问题,结合河长制和最严格水资源管理制度的实施,提出入河排污口的管理对策。     

加强入河排污口的监督管理为经济发展提供水资源保障

<入河排污口监督管理办法>自2005年1月1日起已开始施行,贯彻落实这个办法是水利部2005年重点推进的工作之一.为此,水利部专门下发了<关于加强入河排污口监督管理工作的通知>(水资源[2005]79号).目前海河流域、长江流域已完成了2004年的入河排污口调查工作,淮河流域每年都进行一次入河排污口调查工作.松辽、黄河、珠江流域都即将布置或正在布置开展入河排污口调查登记工作.     

长江流域入河排污口管理实践与探讨

入河排污口管理是守好水功能区纳污红线的关键,多年来长江水利委会在入河排污口管理中积累了丰富的经验,规范了监督管理事项和行为,对保护水资源、改善水环境、促进水资源可持续利用起到了重要推动作用。通过对当前长江入河排污口管理问题梳理,结合管理实践,提出了加强入河排污口管理原则、合理规划布局以及加强监管的需求。并从排污口设置审批、日常监管、监测监控、统计和通报等方面探讨了下一步的工作重点。以期逐步健全长江入河排污口管理体系,为保护美丽长江再谱新篇。     

关于北京市入河排污口界定的探讨

入河排污口的监督管理是水资源保护工作的重要内容之一,是实现水功能区水质达标的重要手段。根据对近几年北京市入河排污口的监测工作分析,从入河排污口的调查范围、规模标准、调查和评价因子、达标排放等方面,对入河排污口的界定进行了阐述,为今后北京市入河排污口的监督管理提供依据,也可供其他省(自治区、直辖市)参照。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。