共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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为了保证类人机器人行走的稳定性,合理的步态规划和误差补偿是最为关键的两个方面。针对研究新一代的类人足球机器人AFU2008,在步态规划方面,根据ZMP(零力矩点)稳定性原理,首先用参考轨迹法进行关节轨迹规划,然后由运动学逆解出的关节转角值对机器人舵机进行实际控制;在误差补偿方面,采用对ZMP影响较大的上体运动进行误差补偿,并针对传统的上体补偿方法的局限性,提出了允许上体高度作匀速运动的改进方法。最后通过仿真和实际实验表明:相对于传统补偿方法,新方法能够更加明显减小机器人的ZMP误差,提高机器人ZMP的稳定裕度,使得类人机器人可以稳定快速的行走。 相似文献
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针对现有理想化步态动力学模型规划方法复杂、人为指定参数过多、计算量大的问题,提出一种基于体感数据学习人体步态的仿人机器人步态生成方法。首先,用体感设备收集人体骨骼信息,基于最小二乘拟合方法建立人体关节局部坐标系;其次,搭建人体与机器人映射的运动学模型,根据两者间主要关节映射关系,生成机器人关节转角轨迹,实现机器人对人类行走姿态的学习;然后,基于零力矩点(ZMP)稳定性原则,对机器人脚踝关节转角采用梯度下降算法进行优化控制;最后,在步态稳定性分析上,提出使用安全系数来评价机器人行走稳定程度的方法。实验结果表明,步行过程中安全系数保持在0~0.85,期望为0.4825,ZMP接近于稳定区域中心,机器人实现了仿人姿态的稳定行走,证明了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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在四足机器人行走动态控制的研究中,为使四足机器人能在复杂地面状况下行走,提出了一种四足机器人在不平坦地面爬行时的平动步态生成算法.首先构建四足机器人步行机构模型,根据静态稳定性对角线原理的判定确定机器人腿的摆动顺序;以平动步态为例根据机器人前行方向、初始位姿、地面不平坦等因素计算一个步态周期后机器人的位姿从而实现平动直线行走的连续步态算法.考虑了机器人机构约束以及状态变化因素使机器人在每一个步态周期都能跨出尽可能大的步幅实现行走效率的最大化.通过仿真验证了算法的正确性.仿真结果对四足机器人步态稳定性的研究及实现具有实际的参考价值. 相似文献
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拟人机器人在外力干扰下的步态规划是机器人行走研究中的重要课题。论文首先讨论了虚拟零力矩点与支撑多边形的位置关系,然后提出了一种基于虚拟零力矩点的优化控制策略,最后采用遗传算法对步态进行优化,仿真结果表明能够提高机器人步态规划的实时性。 相似文献
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针对双足机器人的稳定行走,提出了一种新的仿人预测控制在线步行模式生成方法。把期望零力矩点(ZMP)分解成离线规划好的参考ZMP和实时变化的可变ZMP之和,通过预测控制和其逆系统共同作用对质心运动进行控制,从而生成具有自适应性的步行模式。但单一的预测控制系统对诸如矩形齿状扰动的可变ZMP的跟踪存在较大的误差,结合仿人智能控制对误差的强抑制能力,设计了与预测控制相结合的仿人预测控制系统。仿真实验验证对矩形齿状扰动的可变ZMP,仿人预测系统也能实现较好的跟踪。 相似文献
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连续不规则台阶环境四足机器人步态规划与控制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了实现四足机器人在无崎岖地形先验知识情况下的自主爬行,提出了一种四足机器人运动控制方法.该方法采用间歇爬行步态作为主步态,将爬行运动分解为若干任务分别进行控制:基于NESM(normalized energy stability margin)判据计算内外倾的稳定裕度并根据其比值进行质心位置调整;使用坐标映射的方式调整足端坐标进行地面坡度适应;通过调整各腿长度控制机器人的高度;利用姿态传感器信息进行姿态恢复.仿真和实验表明,机器人仅依赖内部传感器即实现了在崎岖地形稳定行走,验证了本文方法的有效性和可靠性. 相似文献
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《机器人》2016,(5)
为保证大负重四足机器人的全方位稳定行走,提出了基于速度矢量的间歇步态规划方法,采用间歇步态作为主步态,将平动与转动速度矢量映射为绕旋转中心转动.首先,采用旋转中心理论得到旋转中心坐标,根据足端工作空间计算最大旋转速度.其次,以稳定裕度为约束条件,对支撑相起始位置进行设计,同时为了满足零冲击条件,采用改进的复合摆线方法对摆动相轨迹进行规划.然后,提出增量式的轨迹规划方法,便于编程实现连续的支撑相运动指令,并进行稳定裕度、连续性、移动速度以及工作空间的需求分析,提出相应的参数设计方法.最后,分别采用虚拟样机和物理样机对3种步态进行对比实验,结果表明当α=0.5时其步态的晃动量最少且方差最小,该方法能够保证大负重四足机器人实现连续的全方位运动轨迹,并且具有较好的稳定性. 相似文献
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ZMP(Zero Moment Point)作为双足步行机器人动态稳定行走的判据,已应用于世界上很多
著名的步行机器人系统.目前国外步行机器人大多采用力/力矩传感器进行ZMP的实际检测计
算,但采用六维力/力矩传感器的却不多,而且其安装位置也各不相同.国内机器人还都处
于离线步态规划阶段,只进行了理论ZMP的计算,并没有进行实时检测.
本文根据清华大学985重点项目“拟人机器人技术及其系统研究”的研究要求,确定了基于
六维力/力矩传感系统的实际ZMP检测方案,确定了传感器安装的最佳位置,推导了单脚支撑
期,双脚支撑期的实际ZMP计算公式,提出了基于ZMP理论的姿态调整方法,以期在实际应用
中进行在线步态规划. 相似文献
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Generating a robust gait is one of the most important factors to improve the adaptability of quadruped robots on rough terrains. This paper presents a new continuous free gait generation method for quadruped robots capable of walking on the rough terrain characterized by the uneven ground and forbidden areas. When walking with the proposed gait, the robot can effectively maintain its stability by using the Center of Gravity (COG) trajectory planning method. After analyzing the point cloud of rough terrain, the forbidden areas of the terrain can be obtained. Based on this analysis, an optimal foothold search strategy is presented to help quadruped robot to determine the optimum foothold for the swing foot automatically. In addition, the foot sequence determining method is proposed to improve the performance of robot. With the free gait proposed in this paper, quadruped robot can walk through the rough terrains automatically and successfully. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method is verified via simulations. 相似文献
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具备学习能力是高等动物智能的典型表现特征, 为探明四足动物运动技能学习机理, 本文对四足机器人步
态学习任务进行研究, 复现了四足动物的节律步态学习过程. 近年来, 近端策略优化(PPO)算法作为深度强化学习
的典型代表, 普遍被用于四足机器人步态学习任务, 实验效果较好且仅需较少的超参数. 然而, 在多维输入输出场
景下, 其容易收敛到局部最优点, 表现为四足机器人学习到步态节律信号杂乱且重心震荡严重. 为解决上述问题,
在元学习启发下, 基于元学习具有刻画学习过程高维抽象表征优势, 本文提出了一种融合元学习和PPO思想的元近
端策略优化(MPPO)算法, 该算法可以让四足机器人进化学习到更优步态. 在PyBullet仿真平台上的仿真实验结果表
明, 本文提出的算法可以使四足机器人学会行走运动技能, 且与柔性行动者评价器(SAC)和PPO算法的对比实验显
示, 本文提出的MPPO算法具有步态节律信号更规律、行走速度更快等优势. 相似文献
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哺乳动物的运动学习机制已得到广泛研究,犬科动物可以根据环境反馈的引导性信息自主地学习运动技能,对其提供更为特定的训练引导可以加快其对相关任务的学习速度.受上述启发,在软演员-评论家算法(SAC)的基础上提出一种基于期望状态奖励引导的强化学习算法(DSG-SAC),利用环境中的状态反馈机制来引导四足机器人进行有效探索,可以提高四足机器人仿生步态学习效果,并提高训练效率.在该算法中,策略网络与评价网络先近似拟合期望状态观测与当前状态的误差,再经过当前状态的正反馈后输出评价函数与动作,使四足机器人朝着期望的方向动作.将所提出算法在四足机器人上进行验证,通过实验结果可知,所提出的算法能够完成四足机器人的仿生步态学习.进一步,设计消融实验来探讨超参数温度系数和折扣因子对算法的影响,实验结果表明,改进后的算法具有比单纯的SAC算法更加优越的性能. 相似文献
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《Advanced Robotics》2013,27(9):863-878
Fault tolerance is an important aspect in the development of control systems for multi-legged robots since a failure in a leg may lead to a severe loss of static stability of a gait. In this paper, an algorithm for tolerating a locked joint failure is described in gait planning for a quadruped robot with crab walking. A locked joint failure is one for which a joint cannot move and is locked in place. If a failed joint is locked, the workspace of the resulting leg is constrained, but legged robots have fault tolerance capability to continue walking maintaining static stability. A strategy for fault-tolerant gaits is described and, especially, a periodic gait is presented for crab walking of a quadruped. The leg sequence and the formula of the stride length are analytically driven based on gait study and robot kinematics. The adjustment procedure from a normal gait to the proposed fault-tolerant crab gait is shown to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed scheme. 相似文献
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Kazuo Kiguchi Yukihiro Kusumoto Keigo Watanabe Kiyotaka Izumi Toshio Fukuda 《Artificial Life and Robotics》2002,6(3):120-125
It is important for walking robots such as quadruped robots to have an efficient gait. Since animals and insects are the basic
models for most walking robots, their walking patterns are good examples. In this study, the walking energy consumption of
a quadruped robot is analyzed and compared with natural animal gaits. Genetic algorithms have been applied to obtain the energy-optimal
gait when the quadruped robot is walking with a set velocity. In this method, an individual in a population represents the
walking pattern of the quadruped robot. The gait (individual) which consumes the least energy is considered to be the best
gait (individual) in this study. The energy-optimal gait is analyzed at several walking velocities, since the amount of walking
energy consumption changes if the walking velocity of the robot is changed. The results of this study can be used to decide
what type of gait should be generated for a quadruped robot as its walking velocity changes.
This work was presented, in part, at the Sixth International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Tokyo, Japan, January
15–17, 2001. 相似文献
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Jung-Ming Yang Jong-Hwan Kim 《IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics》2000,30(1):172-180
The fault tolerant gait of legged robots in static walking is a gait which maintains its stability against a fault event preventing a leg from having the support state. In this paper, a fault tolerant quadruped gait is proposed for a hexapod traversing uneven terrain with forbidden regions, which do not offer viable footholds but can be stepped over. By comparing performance of straight-line motion and crab walking over even terrain, it is shown that the proposed gait has better mobility and terrain adaptability than previously developed gaits. Based on the proposed gait, we present a method for the generation of the fault tolerant locomotion of a hexapod over uneven terrain with forbidden regions. The proposed method minimizes the number of legs on the ground during walking, and foot adjustment algorithm is used for avoiding steps on forbidden regions. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy over uneven terrain is demonstrated with a computer simulation. 相似文献
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《Advanced Robotics》2013,27(2):169-190
As a reptile animal crawls in a cluttered environment, so a quadruped robot should be able to crawl on an irregular ground profile with its static stability by adopting the straightgoing and standstill-turning free gaits. The generalized and explicit formulations for the automatic generation of straight-going gaits and various standstill-turning gaits are presented in this paper. The maximized stride for the straight-going gait and the maximum turning angle for the turning gait of a quadruped robot named TITAN-VIII in a gait cycle are discussed by considering the robot's mechanism constraints and the irregularities of the ground profile. The control algorithm, including control of the joint positions of the robot, is described to implement the desired walking path of the quadruped robot. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through experimental result. 相似文献