定心藤醇提物不同极性部分的体外抗氧化活性研究

研究定心藤75%乙醇提取物不同极性部位的体外抗氧化活性,采用5种不同极性溶剂萃取(石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水)得到5种萃取物,分别测定黄酮含量,并通过还原能力测定、DPPH自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力和超氧阴离子自由基清除能力4种测定方法,对各萃取物抗氧化能力进行研究。结果显示,各提取物对Fe3+均有一定的还原能力,乙酸乙酯萃取物还原效果最为明显;定心藤不同极性部位均具有一定的抗氧化活性,乙酸乙酯萃取物抗氧化能力最强,DPPH·的半数清除浓度IC50为0.28mg/m L,羟自由基半数清除浓度IC50为0.41mg/m L,在0.2mg/m L浓度下,对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率达到42.88%,而其黄酮含量最高,达到609.96mg/g,这也许与它具有较高的抗氧化活性有关。说明乙酸乙酯萃取物具有较好的开发天然抗氧化剂的前景。     

小黑药多糖含量及其抗氧化性研究

检测了小黑药的多糖含量和抗氧化活性。结果表明:小黑药地上、地下部分多糖含量分别为2.155、2.329 g/100 g;多糖浓度大于100.8μg/m L时其还原能力超过芦丁;随着质量浓度的增加小黑药多糖抑制超氧阴离子自由基的能力逐渐增大,浓度高于13.44μg/m L时其抑制率大于芦丁;多糖质量浓度大于42.00μg/m L时,清除DPPH能力大于芦丁;清除羟基自由基的能力明显高于芦丁,质量浓度为8.06μg/m L时,多糖对羟基自由基的清除能力达到95.40%。小黑药多糖具有很好的抗氧化活性。     

白灵菇多糖抗氧化活性研究

通过与Vc的对比实验进一步研究白灵菇多糖的抗氧化活性。分别采用铁氰化钾还原法、DPPH·自由基测定法、邻苯三酚自氧化法、分光光度法测定Fenton法产生的羟自由基以及硫代巴比妥酸法,研究白灵菇多糖和Vc的还原能力,清除DPPH·自由基、超氧阴离子(O2-·)和羟基自由基(·OH)的能力,以及抑制脂质过氧化的能力。随着白灵菇多糖浓度的增加,其还原能力和DPPH·、O2-·、·OH的清除率以及抑制蛋黄脂质过氧化能力均有所增加。当多糖浓度为2 mg/m L时,表现出较强的还原能力,对DPPH·、O2-·和·OH的清除率分别为72.32%、9.30%和94.56%,脂质过氧化抑制率为84.78%。白灵菇多糖具有明显的抗氧化活性。     

不同分子量鹿茸多肽抗氧化活性的研究

本文利用膜分离技术获得不同分子量段的鹿茸多肽,采用五种抗氧化检测方法对其进行全面的抗氧化活性分析,获得抗氧化活性较好的多肽Ⅲ片段,分子量在6214u以下。实验结果表明,当浓度在0.1~10.0mg/m L范围之间,多肽Ⅲ对超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和对还原能力低于VC;当浓度为10.0mg/m L时,多肽Ⅲ对DPPH自由基的清除能力与VC基本相当;当浓度在8.0~10.0mg/m L时,对羟自由基的清除率和对脂质体氧化抑制能力高于VC。     

麦胚黄酮粗提物体外抗氧化及抑制非酶糖基化活性的研究

采用自由基清除体系(DPPH、羟基及超氧阴离子)、螯合金属离子能力、还原能力及总抗氧化能力体系评价麦胚黄酮粗提物的体外抗氧化活性,并考察麦胚黄酮粗提物对体外非酶糖基化反应的抑制作用。结果表明,麦胚黄酮粗提物清除自由基的能力、还原能力、总抗氧化能力均随浓度的增大而增强,且清除DPPH自由基、羟基自由基能力的IC50值分别为0.26、0.78 mg/m L。在浓度0.75~3.0 mg/m L之间,随浓度增大,其金属离子螯合能力逐渐增强至78.60%,继续增大浓度至3.75 mg/m L时,螯合能力降低至70.31%,但强于VC。此外,麦胚黄酮粗提物对体外蛋白质非酶糖基化终末产物(AGEs)的形成有抑制作用,且随浓度增大,抑制效果逐渐增强。1.0 mg/m L麦胚黄酮粗提物对AGEs生成的抑制率在第7 d可达到48%。综上可见,具有强体外抗氧化能力的麦胚黄酮,能有效抑制AGEs的生成。     

油梨仁提取物的体外抗氧化活性研究

试验研究了油梨仁提取物的体外抗氧化活性。以VC为对照品,采用羟自由基清除法、超氧阴离子自由基清除法、DPPH自由基清除法、ABTS自由基清除法以及铁氰化钾还原法评价油梨仁提取物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,油梨仁提取物对超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH自由基具有较强的清除作用,其IC50分别为0.025 mg/m L和0.086mg/m L,且其还原能力与VC相当;而对羟自由基和ABTS自由基的清除能力相对较弱。     

树舌胞内多糖抗氧化活性的研究

目的:探讨树舌胞内多糖(GAPS)体外抗氧化作用.方法:从清除超氧阴离子自由基、抑制羟基自由基的产生、清除DPPH自由基和还原力4个方面,研究了树舌胞内多糖的体外抗氧化效果.结果:树舌胞内多糖有较强的还原力,并在体外对超氧阴离子自由基(O-2·)、羟基自由基(·OH)、DPPH有机自由基有较强的清除作用.树舌胞内多糖浓度为1.0mg/mL时,其清除O-2·能力为36.36%;对于·OH,在浓度为2.5mg/mL时,清除率达到56.97%;对于DPPH·,在浓度为1.0mg/mL时,清除率达到45.31%;当树舌胞内多糖浓度为0.5mg/mL时的还原能力与0.03mg/mLVc,相当.结论:树舌胞内多糖具有抗氧化方面的应用开发前景.     

螺旋藻体外清除自由基的ESR研究

利用DPPH、Fenton反应、SNAP、黄嘌呤氧化酶氧化黄嘌呤反应产生活性有机氮自由基、羟自由基(·OH)、一氧化氮(NO)自由基、超氧阴离子(·O2-)自由基,以电子顺磁共振法(ESR)研究了螺旋藻体外清除上述四种自由基的作用。该方法操作简单易行,结果直观。结果表明螺旋藻能有效清除上述4种自由基,而且随浓度的增加抗氧化能力也增加,浓度在40 mg/m L时对超氧阴离子和有机氮自由基的清除率达到了90%以上。     

羊肚菌菌丝体富硒条件优化及其硒多糖抗氧化活性研究

对羊肚菌菌丝体液体深层发酵富硒条件进行优化,考察培养基中硒浓度、温度、装液量和p H值对富硒率的影响。采用Fenton法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼)还原法对羊肚菌菌丝体多糖的体外抗氧化活性进行了研究。羊肚菌菌丝体富硒的适宜培养条件为:亚硒酸钠质量浓度为10 mg/L,温度25℃,装液量100 m L/250 m L,初始p H值7。在此条件下,富硒率最大达9.10%。羊肚菌菌丝体多糖和羊肚菌菌丝体硒多糖清除羟自由基(·OH)IC50分别为:0.62 mg/m L和0.42 mg/m L;清除超氧阴离子(O2-·)IC50分别为:0.85mg/m L和0.59 mg/m L;清除DPPH自由基IC50分别为:0.66 mg/m L和0.49 mg/m L。羊肚菌菌丝体多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,且随着多糖浓度的增大其抗氧化活性逐渐增强,羊肚菌菌丝体硒多糖抗氧化作用更强。     

芡实多糖的提取、抗氧化活性及对质粒DNA氧化损伤防护作用的研究

采用纤维素酶超声辅助法提取芡实多糖,由正交实验获得芡实多糖的最佳提取条件,并探究其体外抗氧化活性及对H2O2光解反应诱导质粒p BR322 DNA损伤的保护作用。结果表明芡实多糖的最佳提取条件为:料液比1∶20(g/m L)、p H3、纤维素酶用量为原料质量的2.0%、超声时间5min、提取时间3h、提取温度40℃,多糖得率为17.04%。芡实多糖清除DPPH·、羟基自由基的能力较好,IC50分别为1.78、6.96mg/m L,清除过氧化氢、超氧阴离子自由基的能力较弱,浓度为10mg/m L时,清除率分别为48.00%、20.32%。芡实多糖对抑制DNA损伤具有显著作用,在多糖水溶液质量浓度为0.08mg/m L时,具有最佳保护作用;在质量浓度大于1.0mg/m L时,对质粒DNA没有保护作用,甚至促进了DNA的损伤。综上所述,芡实多糖具有抗氧化及抑制DNA氧化损伤的能力。     

富硒碎米荠不同提取物抗氧化性能研究

为进一步开发利用恩施堇叶碎米荠,通过比较测定3种碎米荠提取物:碎米荠碱提物(CE)、碎米荠富硒蛋白(SPR)和碎米荠富硒多肽(SPI)对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)、羟自由基(OH·)、2'-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸自由基(ABTS+·)和超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-·)的清除能力,考察3种富硒碎米荠提取物的体外抗氧化性能,并与富硒酵母(SY)、无机硒(IS)和非富硒多肽与无机硒混合物(SPIS)进行比较。结果表明:SPI清除4种自由基能力最强,其对DPPH·、OH·、ABTS~+·和O_2~-·的清除率分别为87.5%,50.3%,99.7%,45.7%,IS清除4种自由基能力最弱,均不超过14%。通过比较SPR、SPI、CE、SY、IS和SPIS对4种自由基的清除率及半抑制浓度(IC_(50)),发现有机硒清除自由基的能力强于无机硒。     

米糠贮藏时间对米糠可溶性膳食纤维抗氧化性质的影响

以新鲜米糠为原料贮藏0、1、3、5、10 d得到不同酸败程度的米糠,稳定化和脱脂后制备米糠可溶性膳食纤维,研究米糠贮藏时间对米糠可溶性膳食纤维抗氧化性质的影响。结果表明:随着新鲜米糠贮藏时间的延长,米糠可溶性膳食纤维的还原能力、金属离子螯合能力和清除ABTS~+·、DPPH·、·OH、O_2~-·能力均先上升后下降;米糠可溶性膳食纤维还原能力、金属离子螯合能力和清除ABTS~+·、DPPH·、·OH在新鲜米糠贮藏5 d时达到最大值,分别为0.943(OD_(700))、35.16%、32.28%、73.51%和13.83%,米糠可溶性膳食纤维清除O_2~-·能力在新鲜米糠贮藏1 d达到最大值,为60.58%。     

Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil and Oleoresin of Zingiber Officinale Roscoe as Affected by Chemical Environment

Three different biochemical test systems were chosen based on their solubility to study the antioxidant activity of ginger extracts. Reducing power and DPPH^. scavenging activity tests were considered to produce hydrophilic environments and the H₂O₂ test was considered as creating a lipophilic environment. The average yields were 10.23 ± 1.02% and 0.48 ± 0.19% for oleoresin and essential oil, respectively. The content of total phenols was 67.6 ± 1.08 mg GAE/g of dry extract. In terms of EC₅₀, in hydrophilic environment standards, it showed the highest effects compared to ginger extracts, with oleoresin presenting more activity than essential oil. In contrast, except for quercetin, essential oil showed the best scavenging activity in inhibiting H₂O₂ compared to all other antioxidants. The present work demonstrated that, when using reducing power, DPPH· free radical scavenging and H₂O₂ scavenging assays, the same ginger extracts exhibit different antioxidant activities, which were affected not only by the extract itself but also by the chemical environment (hydrophilic/lipophilic).     

Subcritical fluid extraction of Lycium ruthenicum seeds oil and its antioxidant activity

The effective, energy-saving and green subcritical fluid extraction (SFE) technology was applied to obtain the oil from Lycium ruthenicum seeds (LRSO). The optimal conditions of extraction parameters were found using response surface methodology with Box-Behnken experimental design. The maximum extraction yield of 21.20% was achieved at raw material particle size of 0.60 mm, extraction pressure of 0.63 MPa, temperature of 50 °C and time of 48 min. Other traditional extraction technologies were comparatively used. The physicochemical property of LRSO was analysed and the chemical compositions indicated that they were rich in unsaturated fatty acid, β-carotene, tocopherols and total phenolics. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of LRSO was evaluated by scavenging activity of three kinds of radicals (DPPH·, ·OH and O₂^-·) and lipid peroxidation in vitro. And its results showed the oil had the potential to be a novel antioxidant agent for using in the field of food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.     

微波辅助低共熔溶剂提取鹰嘴豆中黄酮及其抗氧化活性的研究

以鹰嘴豆为原料,氯化胆碱基低共熔溶剂为提取剂,采用微波辅助技术提取鹰嘴豆中的黄酮类物质,探究氢键供体种类、氢键供体和受体的摩尔比、料液比、低共熔溶剂体系含水量、微波功率及微波时间对鹰嘴豆黄酮得率的影响,通过单因素实验和响应面优化试验确定了鹰嘴豆中黄酮类物质提取的最佳工艺。结果表明,以氯化胆碱为氢键受体,柠檬酸为氢键供体构建低共熔溶剂体系,二者摩尔比为 1:2,低共熔溶剂体系含水量30%(V/V),料液比1:22 g/mL,微波功率为675 W,微波时间235 s,此时鹰嘴豆黄酮得率为2.49 mg/g,提取率可达90.55%,优于传统醇提法。体外抗氧化实验发现不同浓度的鹰嘴豆黄酮类化合物均具有一定的还原能力,以V_C为阳性对照组,鹰嘴豆黄酮类化合物能显著清除DPPH·、·OH、ABTS+·,随着浓度的增加,鹰嘴豆黄酮对DPPH·的清除率呈上升趋势,当黄酮浓度为0.05 mg/mL时,对·OH 的清除率达到最大,为94.39%,当黄酮的浓度为0.15 mg/mL时,鹰嘴豆黄酮的ABTS+·清除率最大,为73.83%。综合说明鹰嘴豆中黄酮类化合物具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

Bioactivity of extracts from gonadal tissue of the edible Australian purple sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma

Dichloromethane (DCM), methanol (MeOH) and aqueous extracts of male gonadal tissue from Heliocidaris erythrogramma were screened for bioactivity. None of the extracts were antibacterial against Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‐negative Escherichia coli. The aqueous extract scavenged the reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), but did not react with the hydroxyl radical (OH·) or with the stable free radical 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·). No antioxidant potential was evident for the DCM and MeOH extracts. The extracts displayed various levels of anti‐inflammatory action in connection with inhibition of cyclooxygenase (ovine COX‐1 and COX‐2), but were insignificant inhibitors of lipoxygenase (soybean 15‐LO) pure enzyme. Anti‐inflammatory action related to reduction of leukotriene production by stimulated porcine neutrophils was affected only by the aqueous extract. The DCM and aqueous extracts, but not the MeOH extract, showed anti‐inflammatory activity in rats developing adjuvant‐induced polyarthritis. Overall, the DCM extract was 75% inhibitory of arthritis symptoms, and the aqueous extract was 55% inhibitory. Suppression of growth of the mouse leukaemic lymphoblastic (P388) cell line was evident for the DCM extract only. This extract was also able to exert a cytotoxic effect on the tumour cell line. For all extracts, no general cytotoxicity against isolated rat hepatocytes was observed. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

三种食用菌提取物体外抗氧化与降血糖活性研究

目的:为评价三种食用菌体外抗氧化与降血糖作用。方法:采用水杨酸显色法、DPPH·显色法、铁氰化钾显色法测定三种食用菌及副产物(竹荪、竹荪菌托、茶树菇、松乳菇)提取物的抗氧化能力,再通过α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制作用分析提取物的降血糖活性。结果:在实验浓度(0.5~5 mg/mL)范围内三种食用菌及副产物的提取物具有一定的抗氧化和降血糖作用,且存在明显的量效关系。抗氧化以V_C作为阳性对照,降血糖组间进行对照。当浓度达到5 mg/mL时,茶树菇提取物对·OH和DPPH·的清除率最高可达89.45%和87.81%,对Fe3+的还原能力与V_C相近,IC₅₀均为1.04 mg/mL;而竹荪和竹荪菌托提取物对·OH(45.19%和36.04%)、DPPH·(44.30%和36.81%)的清除率和对Fe3+的还原能力(46.61%和48.09%)均较弱,且IC₅₀值均超出实验浓度。当浓度达到5 mg/mL时,茶树菇提取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制率分别62.15%和57.08%,IC₅₀值为3.82和4.10 mg/mL;松乳菇提取物对两种酶的抑制率分别为83.52%和75.43%,IC₅₀值为2.22和2.53 mg/mL;而竹荪和竹荪菌托提取物对α-淀粉酶(15.15%和24.56%)和α-葡萄糖苷酶(26.20%和23.41%)活性的抑制率均较低,且IC₅₀值均超出实验浓度。结论:茶树菇提取物降血糖和抗氧化作用均较强,而松乳菇提取物的降血糖作用较强而抗氧化作用较弱,竹荪和竹荪菌托提取物的抗氧化活性和降血糖活性均较弱。     

Antioxidant activity of lignans from fringe tree (Chionanthus virginicus L.)

Fringe tree (Chionanthus virginicus L.), a shrub of the eastern part of America, used as a raw material by pharmaceutical industries for cholagoque, diuretic, tonic and the preparation of homeopathic tinctures. The identification of lignans as major antioxidant components and determination of their antioxidant activities are of considerable interest, because of the role they play in pharmacological actions. The potential antioxidant activity of the lignans such as phillyrin, pinoresinol-β-d-glucoside (PDG) and pinoresinol di-β-d-glucoside (PDDG) from root bark of fringe tree (C. virginicus L.) were examined by different antioxidant tests including; 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH^•) scavenging, superoxide anion radical (O₂ ^•-) scavenging, total antioxidant activity by ferric thiocyanate method, reducing activity by Fe³⁺–Fe²⁺ transformation, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) scavenging and ferrous metal (Fe⁺²) chelating activities. Phillyrin, PDG and PDDG, as antioxidants, neutralized the activities of radicals and inhibited the peroxidation reactions of linoleic acid emulsion. The total antioxidant activity was determined according to the ferric thiocyanate method. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), α-tocopherol and trolox, which is a water-soluble analogue of tocopherol, were used as the reference antioxidant compounds. Phillyrin, PDG and PDDG showed 67.6, 77.3 and 64.2% inhibition on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively, at the concentration of 20 μg/mL. On the other hand, BHA, BHT, α-tocopherol and trolox exhibited 74.4, 71.2, 54.7 and 20.6% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively, at the above mentioned concentration. In addition, phillyrin, PDG and PDDG were effective on DPPH^•, ABTS^•+ and O₂ ^•- scavenging, H₂O₂ scavenging, total reducing power and metal chelating effect on ferrous ions activities. Also, BHA, BHT, α-tocopherol and trolox were used as references antioxidants for these various antioxidant activities.     

Mechanisms and Factors for Edible Oil Oxidation

ABSTRACT: Edible oil is oxidized during processing and storage via autoxidation and photosensitized oxidation, in which triplet oxygen (³O₂) and singlet oxygen (¹O₂) react with the oil, respectively. Autoxidation of oils requires radical forms of acylglycerols, whereas photosensitized oxidation does not require lipid radicals since ¹O₂ reacts directly with double bonds. Lipid hydroperoxides formed by ³O₂ are conjugated dienes, whereas ¹O₂ produces both conjugated and nonconjugated dienes. The hydroperoxides are decomposed to produce off‐flavor compounds and the oil quality decreases. Autoxidation of oil is accelerated by the presence of free fatty acids, mono‐ and diacylglycerols, metals such as iron, and thermally oxidized compounds. Chlorophylls and phenolic compounds decrease the autoxidation of oil in the dark, and carotenoids, tocopherols, and phospholipids demonstrate both antioxidant and prooxidant activity depending on the oil system. In photosensitized oxidation chlorophyll acts as a photosensitizer for the formation of ¹O₂; however, carotenoids and tocopherols decrease the oxidation through ¹O₂ quenching. Temperature, light, oxygen concentration, oil processing, and fatty acid composition also affect the oxidative stability of edible oil.     

核桃蛋白肽的抗氧化活性研究

以VC为对照,研究了分子质量小于3000u的核桃蛋白肽混合物的还原能力、羟自由基清除能力、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力以及二苯代苦味酰基自由基清除能力。结果显示,随着核桃蛋白肽浓度的增加,其还原能力、羟自由基的清除能力和超氧阴离子清除能力增大,在浓度为30mg/mL时,核桃蛋白肽还原能力达到VC的57.1%;在浓度为50mg/mL时,核桃蛋白肽对羟自由基(OH.)的清除率分别69.1%,对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率达到了85%。而对二苯代苦味酰基自由基清除能力则是先增大后变小,在20mg/mL时达到最大值66%。核桃蛋白肽的分子质量分布主要有2大区域,蛋白肽氨基酸含量达到89.74%。