6—甲氧基萘乙酮的生产及应用

介绍６－甲氧基萘乙酮的性质、生产应用及开发概况，详细介绍６－甲氧基萘乙酮的合成方法，并对经济效益进行了分析。     

PA6／POE超韧合金的形态和性能

介绍了尼龙６（ＰＡ６）和乙烯－辛烯共聚物热塑性体（ＰＯＥ）共混制得的ＰＡ６／ＰＯＥ超韧合 形态和性能,并与国外某些超韧ＰＡ６产品性能进行了比较。     

5,6—二甲基苯并咪唑的合成

概述了５，６－二甲基苯并咪唑的性质和用途，介绍了５，６－二甲基苯并咪唑 生产工艺及其特点。     

2，6－二氯苯甲腈的合成路线

介绍了２，６－二氯苯甲腈的性质、用途及合成方法。指出２，６－二氯甲苯的氨氧化法和２－氯－６－硝基甲苯的肟化法是合成２，６－二氯苯甲腈的有工业化价值的方法。     

专利介绍

专利介绍抗氧剂１０１０的制法日本公开特许：平６—４８９８９公开日：１９９４年２月２２日申请人：大日本油墨化学工业株式会社发明人：鱼滨操本发明介绍以２，６一Ｍ叙了基酚为初始原料制取抗氧剂１０１０的方法。即，先使２，６一Ｍ叔丁基酚和丙烯酸甲酯在碱性催化剂...     

阻燃级尼龙6的开发和加工应用

本文介绍了阻燃级尼龙６的配方设计、生产工艺、产品特性。阐述了阻燃级尼龙６的加工性能和应用情况。     

2,6—二氯苯甲腈的合成路线

介绍了２，６－二氯苯甲腈的性质，用途及合成方法。指出２，６－二氯甲苯的氨氧化法和２－氯－６－硝基甲苯的肟化法是合成２，６－二氯苯甲腈的有工业化价值的方法。     

EVA对尼龙6的增韧效果

本文介绍了ＥＶＡ增韧尼龙６的研究情况,包括ＥＶＡ的结构特点,ＥＶＡ对尼龙６增韧机理及力学性能。结果表明ＥＶＡ对尼龙６有很好的增韧效果。     

尼龙6工程塑料树脂的生产与应用及其新产品开发

介绍了国内外尼龙６工程塑料树脂的应用、生产与新产品开发情况，提出了国内尼龙６工程塑料的开发方向     

2，6－二氟苯甲酰胺的合成

本文介绍了以２，６－二氯苯腈为原料，经氟化、亲核加成反应以合成２，６－二氟苯甲酰胺的方法。     

High pressure enhances activity and selectivity of Candida rugosa lipase immobilized onto silica nanoparticles in organic solvent

High hydrostatic pressure has been increasingly utilized to improve functions of enzymes, and most of such studies are currently focused on free enzymes in aqueous solution or organic solvent. In this work, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was immobilized onto silica nanoparticles and its activity and enantioselectivity in organic solvent were evaluated at high pressures under different water activities. The application of high hydrostatic pressures (50–200 MPa) led to improved activities of immobilized CRL for transesterification of (R)-1-phenylpropan-2-ol with vinyl acetate by 4–6 folds. Additionally the immobilization of CRL resulted in a significant change of selectivities, shifting the enantiomeric excess from the (R)- towards (S)-1-phenylpropan-2-yl acetate product at atmospheric pressure. The application of high pressures led to either enantiomeric excess towards (R)-1-phenylpropan-2-yl or no enantiomeric selectivity, depending on the water activities in the organic solvent and the level of pressures. The interesting behaviour of immobilized CRL under high pressures offers new opportunities to modulate enzyme functions through combination of high pressures and enzyme immobilization.     

Solid state 27Al NMR and X-ray diffraction study of alumina–carbon composites

The structural and chemical transformations occurring in alumina–carbon composites upon heat treatment were investigated by using a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and solid-state ²⁷Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Two different carbon precursors were employed: a commercial activated carbon and a char obtained by carbonization of the endocarp of babassu coconut at 700 °C. The alumina–carbon composites were prepared by aqueous impregnation of the carbon supports with aluminum nitrate and, after filtering and drying, the as-synthesized powders were heat-treated under argon flow at temperatures up to 1000 °C. The Al compounds present in the as-synthesized samples were identified by XRD and solid-state ²⁷Al NMR as nanocrystalline aluminum oxyhydroxides or hydroxides, depending on the synthesis conditions. All Al-containing phases were XRD-amorphous in the char-derived nanocomposites, with the presence of a distribution of AlO₆ (octahedral Al site), AlO₅ (pentacoordinated Al) and AlO₄ (tetrahedral Al site) units revealed by solid-state ²⁷Al NMR spectroscopy. The heat treatments caused the formation of transition aluminas dispersed over the carbon supports, with the occurrence of different amounts of AlO₆, AlO₅ and AlO₄ units depending on the heat treatment temperature and on the type of carbon precursor used for the preparation of the composites.     

Some Factors Influencing the Morphology of α-Zirconium Phosphate and its Intercalation Reactions with a Bifunctional Thioether Amine

Crystalline samples of -zirconium phosphate, (-ZrP, -Zr(HPO₄)₂·H₂O) have been prepared by decomposition of zirconium fluoride complexes in the presence of phosphoric acid under a variety of conditions. The crystallinity and morphology have been shown to depend on a number of factors including the F^–/Zr⁴⁺ ratio, the concentration of Zr⁴⁺ ions, the material of the reaction vessel and the reaction temperature. Under conditions of rapid precipitation small plate-like crystals of -ZrP are produced whereas under conditions of slow crystallisation larger crystals with a lower aspect ratio are formed. The relative intensities of the d ₀₀₂, d ₁₁₀ and d ₁₁₂ reflections observed by X-ray powder diffraction show a correlation with the crystal morphology as determined by SEM.The intercalation reaction of 4-(methylmercapto)aniline with different samples of -ZrP under a variety of conditions has been studied. Incomplete intercalation is observed in each case, with the extent of intercalation depending on both the morphology of the -ZrP and the reaction conditions. The intercalated amine has been shown to exist as a mixture of protonated cations and neutral molecules.     

Engineering proteolytically-degradable artificial extracellular matrices

Hydrogels are widely used as provisional matrices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, showing also great promise as platforms for 3D cell culture. Different bio-functionalization strategies have been proposed to enhance the biological performance of hydrogels, particularly when they lack intrinsic bioactivity. In this context, the design of artificial materials that mimic structural and functional features of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) has been pursued. This review presents an overview on bioengineering approaches of integrating protease-sensitive motifs into hydrogels, for the creation of cell-responsive biomimetic scaffolding materials that degrade in response to their proteolytic microenvironment. The successful incorporation of protease-sensitive motifs in several synthetic and natural polymers, which has been achieved using various chemical routes, is described. In each case, the selected peptide sequences and their target proteases are highlighted, along with the main achievements of the study. A critical analysis of current limitations and recent advances is also provided, along with suggestions for further improvements.     

High-yield,in-situ fabrication and integration of horizontal carbon nanotube arrays at the wafer scale for robust ammonia sensors

This paper reports the successful experimental demonstration of the localized growth of horizontal, dense carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays in situ and at the wafer scale. The selectivity and directionality of the CNT catalytic growth process along with the adequate design and fabrication of the catalyst support enables the direct integration of nanotubes arrays into heterogeneous devices. This novel CNT integration method is developed to manufacture conductance based gas sensors for ammonia detection and is demonstrated to produce a yield above 90% at the wafer scale. Owing to its flexibility, the integration process can be useful for a wide range of applications and complies with industrial requirements in terms of manufacturability and yield, requirements for the acceptance of CNTs as alternate materials. A state-of-the-art CNT array resistivity of 1.75 × 10⁻⁵ Ω m has been found from the CNT characterization. When exposed to low NH₃ concentrations, the CNT sensors show good repeatability, long-term stability, and high design robustness and tackle the reproducibility challenge for CNT devices. Individual device calibration is not needed. The ammonia adsorption isotherm on the sensor is well fitted by Freundlich equation. The extrapolated detection limit is about 1 ppm. The dependence of the sensitivity with temperature indicates that ammonia sensing is likely to involve an endothermic process. Finally, relative humidity cross sensitivity has been found to have no adverse effect on the ammonia response enabling NH₃ monitoring in ambient conditions.     

Synthesis of polyesters containing coumarin dimer components by photopolymerization of 7,7′-coumarinyl polymethylene dicarboxylates

Eight 7,7-coumarinyl polymethylene dicarboxylates have been successfully synthesized by solution condensation of 7-hydroxycoumarin (umbelliferone) or 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (4-methylumbelliferone) with various polymethylene diacid chlorides. Upon benzophenone-sensitized irradiation with 350 nm light, the terminal coumarin chromophores dimerize to form intermolecular cycloadducts or intermolecular polyesters with three kinds of cyclobutanes (syn head-to-head,anti head-to-head,anti head-to-tail), depending on structure of the dicarboxylates and reaction conditions. The structures of the cycloadducts and polyesters have been characterized by¹H NMR spectra. When the methylene units exceed seven, intermolecular reaction becomes predominant and result inanti-rich configuration photo-cyclized products with higher viscosity. Lower polar solvents and 4-methyl substitution in coumarin chromophores also promote intermolecular reaction. The highest viscosity (_red = 0.42 dL/g) is obtained with polyester from 7,7-(4-methyl coumarinyl) decamethylene decarboxylate. Irradiation of the polyesters with 254 nm light leads to symmetric cleavage of the cyclobutane linkage in the main chain.     

Optimization of the various modes of flexible operation for post-combustion CO2 capture plant

One option to mitigate the adverse effect of power plant output loss from adding a CO₂ capture plant is to operate it in flexible modes in which the capture level and/or regeneration rate are dynamically varied in response to varying electricity market demand and price. This can help the plant meet peak electricity demand and improve its overall profit. However, the benefit is offset by higher capital costs and/or CO₂ emission penalty. Various modes of flexible operation including capture level reduction and solvent storage have been optimized for a given post-combustion capture system with typical daily electrical energy price patterns and the results are compared with those from a fixed point operation. Effects of varying storage capacities and energy price patterns have also been evaluated. Simultaneous use of the two flexible modes is also optimized and the result showed significantly higher cost savings compared to the individual uses.     

Syntheses and thermal properties of (sulfonylbisphenoxy)-containing cyclotriphosphazene polymers

A (sulfonylbisphenoxy)-containing cyclotriphosphazene polymer system has been prepared by polycondensation of (phenoxy)chlorocyclotriphosphazene and 4,4-sulfonylbisphenol. The syntheses by polycondensation using sodium salt of 4,4-sulfonylbisphenol and by interfacial polycondensation were carried out for comparison. The characterization, thermal stability, and fire resistance of the synthesized polymers were studied. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the polymers prepared were stable to above 400°C in nitrogen and exhibited high char contents at elevated temperature. The result indicated that the presence of a sulfonyl group was helpful for enhancing thermal stability and the presence of a phosphphazene ring was the cause of the high char residue at elevated temperature.     

Block copolymers in electric fields

The structural versatility of block copolymers on the nanometer scale make them highly promising candidates for many applications in soft matter nanotechnology, including optics, electronics, and acoustics. In order to harvest the full potential of nanostructured block copolymer materials and achieve widespread use outside of academia, adaptable strategies are required to control and manipulate their spatial orientation, periodicity, connectivity, and long-range order. Over the past two decades the use of an external electric field has been well established as a viable tool to control a wide variety of structural parameters of nanostructured block copolymers on both mesoscopic and nanoscopic length scales. Covering a wide range of experimental and theoretical work, this review aims to illustrate major scientific advances of the past years, focusing in particular on the underlying physics that governs the fundamental interactions between an external electric field and block copolymer mesophases and its impact on phase behaviour and orientational order in bulk, solution, and thin films.     

Evaluation of commercial PTFE membranes in desalination by direct contact membrane distillation

In this study, nine flat-sheet commercially available hydrophobic PTFE membranes were used in desalination by direct contact membrane distillation and their characteristics were investigated under different operating conditions including feed temperature, feed flow rate, cold stream flow rate, and feed concentration. Membrane properties, i.e. pore size, thickness, support layer, and salt rejection were also studied. Moreover, membrane module designs including flow arrangements (co-current, counter-current and tangential) for process liquid and depth both on hot and cold sides were tested experimentally. Finally, the long-term performance of the selected membranes for direct contact membrane distillation as a stand-alone desalination process was investigated. The results indicated that increasing feed temperature, hot feed flow rate, and module depth on the cold side led to increase permeate flux. On the other hand, increasing membrane thickness and module depth on the hot side (at constant flow rate) had negative effects on the flux. The highest permeation flux and salt rejection was achieved when the membranes with a pore size of 0.22 μm were used in the cross-current follow arrangement of hot and cold streams. In addition, the requirements for support layer for a successful DCMD process has been extensively discussed.