软件可靠性测试的理论分析

目前软件可靠性测试没有真正开展起来,即使重要的军用软件也没有进行软件可靠性测试。软件可靠性模型的不一致性以及软件可靠性测试时间长、费用高、资源消耗大是造成这种局面的两个主要问题。而这两个问题很大程度是由传统基于随机系统假设的软件可靠性理论导致的。因此,在该理论下对可靠性测试方法及可靠性模型的修补与改善工作很难从根本上解决问题。只有从软件可靠性理论本身入手,提出新的研究思路,才有可能摆脱目前软件可靠性测试的困境。首先介绍了软件可靠性测试的现状,然后重点对现有可靠性理论进行了分析和总结,在此基础上,提出了软件可靠性测试研究的一些新思路。     

基于软件测试的软件可靠性评价技术研究

提出了利用软件测试结果进行软件可靠性评价的技术和方法,并结合具体的软件项目,计算出了软件模块的可靠性以及软件的可靠性.该方法能够有效满足在软件开发的不同阶段对软件可靠性进行评价的需要.     

基于经验数据的软件可靠性模型研究

软件的可靠性同其正确性和性能同样的重要,软件可靠性模型是软件可靠性定量分析的技术基础.对基于经验数据的软件可靠性模型进行了研究,并进行工程化实现,已应用于多个测试项目的测试评估,对软件的可靠性和测试的充分性进行了定量分析.     

软件测试与软件可靠性研究

软件测试能发现软件错误、排除软件缺陷,软件测试是在软件投入运行之前,对软件需求规格说明、软件设计、软件编码的最后复审。测试用例的设计和选取的合理和恰当直接影响软件测试的效率,测试中收集到的可靠性数据可以用于软件可靠性模型中进行软件可靠性评估,进而提高软件可靠性。     

基于测试覆盖的NHPP模型

软件可靠性工程是对软件的质量进行管理和控制的实用性学科,而软件可靠性模型又是软件可靠性工程的基础之一,为了保证可靠性模型的估测精度,好的软件可靠性模型必须包括对软件可测试性及测试覆盖等的说明功能。     

软件可靠性测试中不确定性问题的研究

介绍了软件可靠性测试的现状,然后重点对现有可靠性理论进行了分析和总结,在此基础上,提出了基于不确定性理论的软件可靠性测试的一些新思路。探讨了为解决测试中的不确定性所采用的复用技术。结果表明,该方法可以在一定程度上缩短测试周期,降低测试成本,提高测试的可靠性以及测试效率,具有可行性。     

电子政务软件可靠性评测方法初探

电子政务已经成为政府工作自动化和智能化的重要手段。近年来,中国电子政务软件市场获得了前所未有的发展机遇。随着电子政务软件的飞速发展,软件可靠性成为了建设电子政务的重要指标。软件可靠性测试是保证软件可靠性的有效方法。目前,国内对于电子政务的可靠性研究才刚刚起步,其可靠性测试一般都交给第三方机构。分析当前电子政务软件的可靠性测试特点,基于Musa和Nelson两种可靠性模型提出了一种电子政务软件的可靠性评测方法,从可靠性的评估测试和验证测试两方面具体分析阐述了方法的流程,并使用工具实现。最后用具体案例对方法进行了分析说明。     

软件可靠性测试及其实践

软件可靠性测试是软件可靠性工程的一项重要工作内容,是满足软件可靠性要求、评价软件可靠性水平及验证软件产品是否达到可靠性要求的重要途径。本文探讨、研究了软件可靠性测试的基本概念,软件可靠性测试过程以及软件可靠性测试中的主要问题,还介绍了一个实际软件的可靠性测试工作。     

基于舰艇装备软件运行剖面的可靠性测试研究

软件可靠性测试理论近年来虽有较大的突破,但仍没有达到硬件可靠性工程实践广泛的程度,软件可靠性测试实践上受限于软件运行剖面、操作和变量的复杂关联,而开展的不多。基于舰艇装备软件运行剖面,提出了一种工程上易于使用的形式表示方法和可靠性测试数据生成方法,可清晰描述复杂软件系统的变量约束、操作约束,能方便的生成可靠性测试数据,并实现用例的自动人机操作输入,通过对舰艇装备软件可靠性测试的实践,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

软件检验中的六性要求探讨

针对大型复杂软件可靠性低、重大任务运行过程中出现软件故障的问题,从软件的全生命周期角度研究软件可靠性设计方法;从软件可靠性检验、软件维修性检验、软件保障性检验、软件测试性检验、软件安全性检验和软件环境适应性检验等方面探讨软件六性检验方法.针对软件可靠性检验,从软件失效、功能剖面、失效模式和影响度分析、可靠性定义、可靠性模型选择和指标分配,涵盖了软件需求、概要设计、详细设计及测试设计等不同阶段,最后以实例进行验证.     

Emerald: software metrics and models on the desktop

As software becomes more and more sophisticated, industry has begun to place a premium on software reliability. The telecommunications industry is no exception. Consequently software reliability is a strategic business weapon in an increasingly competitive marketplace. In response to these concerns, BNR, Nortel, and Bell Canada developed the Enhanced Measurement for Early Risk Assessment of Latent Defects (Emerald), a decision support system designed to improve telecommunications software reliability. Emerald efficiently integrates software measurements, quality models, and delivery of results to the desktop of software developers. We have found that Emerald not only improves software reliability, but also facilitates the accurate correction of field problems. Our experiences developing Emerald have also taught us some valuable lessons about the implementation and adoption of this type of software tool     

The determination of optimal software release times at different confidence levels with consideration of learning effects

As most software reliability models do not clearly explain the variance in the mean value function of cumulative software errors, they might not be effective in deducing the confidence interval regarding the mean value function. In such cases, software developers cannot estimate the possible risk variation in software reliability by using the randomness of the mean value function, thus reducing the decision‐making reliability when determining an optimal software release time. In this paper, the method of stochastic differential equations is used to build a software reliability model, which is validated based on practical data previously used in six published papers. Moreover, the estimation of the parameters of the proposed model, which can be defined as the autonomous error‐detected factor and the learning factor, is also illustrated, and the results of model validation empirically confirm that the proposed model is able to account for a fairly large portion of the variance of the mean value function. Additionally, the confidence intervals of the mean value function regarding software faults are employed to assist software developers in determining the optimal release times at different confidence levels. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于机器学习理论的软件可靠性预测研究

由于软件可靠性早期预测在测试前就能够使开发和测试的相关人员对软件的可靠性有一定的了解,所以对于软件如何进一步开发、测试和质量的控制都具有十分重要的作用。该文将支持向量机理论引入到软件可靠性早期预测领域中来,提出了基于支持向量机的软件可靠性早期预测模型。通过对比仿真实验,证实了此模型同传统模型相比具有预测精度更高、泛化能力更强、对样本数量的依赖程度更低的特点。     

云计算环境下服务中间件动态管理框架的设计与实现

面向服务的软件开发过程会涉及不同种类以及层次的服务中间件,这一多层次、多种类、多依赖关系的服务中间件环境,在配置、管理与维护上均会给服务开发人员带来额外的开销与负担,直接影响开发效率。设计并实现了一个云计算环境下的服务软件设备动态管理框架,该框架可以根据开发人员需求,透明地完成服务中间件环境的配置与提供,并对服务中间件环境进行动态的健康管理与维护,保障服务中间件环境的稳定性与可靠性。     

基于机器学习理论的软件可靠性预测研究

由于软件可靠性早期预测在测试前就能够使开发和测试的相关人员对软件的可靠性有一定的了解．所以对于软件如何进一步开发、测试和质量的控制都具有十分重要的作用。该文将支持向量机理论引入到软件可靠性早期预测领域中来,提出了基于支持向量机的软件可靠性早期预测模型。通过对比仿真实验,证实了此模型同传统模型相比具有预测精度更高、泛化能力更强、对样本数量的依赖程度更低的特点。     

Secure software's impact on reliability

Reliability of software is directly impacted by additional code, complex design, and other measures to inhibit unauthorized use of software systems. This paper examines the problem of maintaining software reliability in computer security systems and suggests an approach to design in the reliability by making objective measures over the life cycle. The author presents some new concepts which will enable the software developers to measure not only the degree of security being built into the software, but also its direct impact on reliability.     

Optimal number of hosts in a distributed system based on cost criteria

Redundant or distributed systems are increasingly used in system design so that the required reliability and availability can be easily achieved. However, such an approach requires additional resources that can be very costly. Hence, how to design and test such a system in the most cost-effective way is of concern to the developers. A general cost model and a solution algorithm are presented for the determination of the optimal number of hosts and optimal system debugging time that minimize the total cost while achieving a certain performance objective. During testing, software faults are corrected and the reliability shows an increasing trend, and hence system reliability increases. A general system model is constructed based on a Markov process with software reliability and availability obtained from software reliability growth models. The optimization problem is formulated based on the cost criteria and the solution procedure is described. An application example is presented.     

考虑排错过程引进故障的开源软件可靠性模型研究

近年来,开源软件在软件行业很受欢迎。但是,开源软件的可靠性却受到人们的广泛质疑。如何评估开源软件的可靠性是一个重要的问题。与传统的闭源软件相比,在建立开源软件可靠性模型时,必须考虑故障引入和故障检测与排错之间的延迟时间这两个因素。本文考虑了排错过程和不完美调试现象,提出了相应的开源软件可靠性模型。并且我们用两个开源软件故障数据集实来验证提出模型的拟合性能与预测性能。实验结果表明,提出的模型在开源软件可靠性评估中具有良好的拟合和预测性能。提出的模型可以用于开源软件在实际的开发过程中的可靠性评估。     

Quality specification and metrication,results from a case-study in a mission-critical software domain

Software quality is of increasing importance in mission-critical embedded software systems. Due to the fast growing complexity and accompanying risks of failures of these systems, software quality needs to be addressed explicitly by software developers, preferably with a systematic method for an optimal implementation of software qualities, such as reliability, time-behavior and usability. At the Centre of Automation of Mission-critical Systems (CAMS) of the Dutch Royal Navy, a new approach has been defined for software developers to improve the way that they deal with software quality in the process of mission-critical systems engineering. The stepwise approach is based on both an international quality standard for software product quality, i.e. ISO9126, and on Multi-Criteria Decision Making techniques, i.e. analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The stepwise approach has been validated in a case study. In particular, the tailoring of the ISO9126 standard toward the specific CAMS development situation, and the applicability of AHP techniques, from the perspective of software developers, has been investigated. The case study is carried out in a representative software development project, i.e. the software for combat management systems (CMS) of warships. Results of the case study show that software developers can explicitly deal with quality on the basis of both the ISO9126 standard and the AHP techniques, respectively regarding the specification, prioritization and metrication of software product quality.