40Cr激光熔凝硬化组织形态及硬度研究

利用CO2轴流激光加工机对40Cr钢表面进行激光熔凝硬化处理。利用扫描电子显微镜、金相显微镜和显微硬度计研究了不同工艺下熔凝硬化层及基体的显微组织和硬度分布特征。实验表明：熔凝硬化层由熔化区、相变硬化区和热影响区组成;由表及里组织分别为极细隐晶马氏体＋少量残余奥氏体、隐晶马氏体＋碳化物＋残余奥氏体、马氏体＋回火屈氏体＋铁素体。硬化层最高硬度约是基体的3倍;随着扫描速度的增加表层硬度先增加后减小,当扫描速度为2.5m·min^-1时,表层硬度最大,为1097.9HK。     

45 钢表面激光相变硬化改性组织及耐蚀性能

目的为了改善45钢表面状态,提高其表面性能,采用CO2激光器对其表面进行激光相变硬化处理。方法利用带有能谱的扫描电子显微镜(SEM/EDS)、盐雾试验机等,对激光相变硬化层组织及耐蚀性能进行了观察和分析。结果激光相变硬化层由熔化区、相变硬化区和热影响区三部分组成,其组织依次为:混合马氏体+未溶碳化物、针状马氏体、残余奥氏体。随扫描速度增加,耐蚀性先变好而后变差。结论激光相变硬化处理可改善45钢的表面性能,显著提高其耐蚀性能。     

40CrNiMoA钢激光淬火+氮化复合处理

对40CrNiMoA钢分别经激光淬火、气体氮化、氮化-激光淬火复合处理及激光淬火-氮化复合处理的硬化层深度及其表面硬度分布进行了比较分析。结果表明，在激光淬火-氮化复合处理中，激光淬火可使随后氮化处理的表层硬度提高100-200HV，硬化层深度可成倍增加；在氮化-激光淬火复合处理中，激光淬火可使预先氮化处理的硬化层深度有大幅度的提高，而表层硬度变化不大。     

H13热作模具钢激光表面改性处理技术

介绍了H13热作模具钢的激光表面改性处理技术,分析了激光相变硬化、激光表面熔凝、激光合金化、激光冲击硬化等表面处理的特点及应用,研究了表面激光处理工艺的影响因素,以及激光在模具表面处理中的应用.讨论了表面激光改性处理存在的问题,提出了该领域的研究方向.     

圆柱体激光相变硬化三维温度场数值计算

建立了圆柱体工件激光相变硬化过程的三维传热学模型，根据此模型，采用有限差分法对圆柱体工件在激光相变硬化过程中的三维非稳态温度场进行了数值模拟，预测了42CrMo钢圆柱体工件激光相变硬化区的宽度和深度，对42CrMo钢圆柱体工件进行了激光相变硬化实验，并实测了工件激光相变硬化区的宽度和深度，研究结果表明：采用数值计算的方法，可以准确地计算出圆柱体激光相变硬化过程的温度分布及微观组织分布；预测的激光相变硬化区宽度和深度与实验测量结果符合的较好。     

光纤激光器功率对Cr12MoV钢表面淬火组织与性能的影响

由于光纤激光的良好光束质量,光纤激光器在金属材料表面强化方面的应用日益引起学者的重视。使用YLS-3000W光纤激光器对Cr12MoV冷作模具钢进行激光表面淬火处理的工艺试验,研究了不同工艺参数对硬化层深度和显微硬度的影响及硬化层显微组织特征。结果表明,Cr12MoV表面经光纤激光表面淬火后得到淬火层、过渡层和基体3层不同的组织。淬火层的晶粒细小,由隐晶马氏体、弥散分布的碳化物组成。过渡层由马氏体及弥散分布的碳化物和残留奥氏体组成。在扫描速度和离焦量一定的条件下,相变硬化层深度随光纤激光功率的增大而增加。在最佳工艺(光纤激光功率900W,扫描速度0.3m/s,离焦量-4mm)条件下,硬化层平均硬度达609HV。分析认为光纤激光淬火造成的组织细化和过饱和的隐晶马氏体的形成是硬度提高的主要原因。     

激光相变硬化提高旋转接头的耐磨性

为了提高35CrMo旋转接头的耐磨性,采用正交试验法研究了35CrMo旋转接头激光相变硬化适合的工艺方法和参数,获得的优化工艺参数为:激光功率P=1 500 W,光斑直径D=3.5 mm,扫描速度V=20 mm/s.结果表明:激光相变硬化层的平均硬度达786 HV1 N,比渗氮淬火提高了约30%,耐磨性提高了约1倍,表面残余应力大部分为压应力,能满足旋转接头工作要求,为改进旋转接头的表面处理方法提供了依据.     

激光相变硬化残余应力研究

本文主要采用X射线法对激光相变硬化处理后试样表面至内部的残余应力进行逐层测定。并辅以小孔应力释放法予以比较。结果表明:在通常激光相变硬化处理参数下,碳钢的残余应力按正弦波规津分布。表面为压应力,内部为拉应力。其幅值随激光参数减小而减小。二次激光相变硬化处理的残余应力为拉应力。本文对残余应力在激光相变硬化处理热循环过程中的形成进行了解释。在最初升温阶段,表面发生热塑性变形而形成少量压应变。在随后的冷却过程中产生拉应变。当发生奥氏体向马氏体组织转变时,又产生压应变。因此,最终残余应力状态是表面达到的温度,塑性屈服量,组织转变量等因素综合影响的结果。而与是终形成的组织,残余奥氏体量等没有对应关系。     

激光相变硬化提高模具寿命的探讨

介绍了激光相变硬化的原理，并分析其提高模具寿命的针对性，进而讨论了激光相变硬化提高模具寿命的机理。     

GCr15钢表面激光硼化研究

在已经过常规淬火的GCr15轴承钢表面,利用脉冲Nd∶YAG激光进行了B4C粉末硼化改性处理.采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度仪及摩擦磨损试验仪器对激光硼化处理后改性层的显微组织及性能进行了研究.结果表明:激光硼化改性层由树枝晶的FeB、Fe2B和基体组成,改性层的表面硬度高达HV1560,相比处理前硬度提高了81.8％,硬化层深度约为150μm,磨损率相比处理前降低了67.55％,激光硼化后GCr15钢表面的硬度和耐磨性能显著提高.     

深冷处理时间对M2高速钢红硬性的影响

使用洛氏硬度计、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等手段研究了深冷处理时间对M2高速钢的硬度和红硬性的影响及其机理.结果表明:深冷处理提高了M2钢的室温硬度和红硬性,深冷12h使650℃红硬性的改善最显著.随着深冷时间的延长残余奥氏体含量不断降低,其形貌由长条形块状转变为薄膜状分布在马氏体板条间;马氏体轴比和...     

Effects of deep cryogenic treatment on property of 3Cr13Mo1V1.5 high chromium cast iron

Effects of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure, hardening behavior and abrasion resistance of 3Cr13Mo1V1.5 high chromium cast iron subjected to sub-critical treatment were investigated in this paper. The results show that deep cryogenic treatment after sub-critical treatment, the hardness and abrasion resistance of high chromium cast iron can be boosted obviously due to abundant retained austenite transforming into martensite and secondary carbides precipitation. In the course of sub-critical treatment with cryogenic treatment, the amount of precipitated secondary carbides was more than that in air cooling, and the secondary hardening peak advanced at a lower temperature. When abrasion resistance reach the maximal, there was about 20% retained austenite in microstructures. Cryogenic treatment can further reduce the austenite content but can not make retained austenite transform to martensite completely.     

深冷处理对20CrMnTi钢渗碳齿轮硬度和残余奥氏体评定的影响

２０ＣｒＭｎＴｉ钢渗碳齿轮最表层硬度偏低,系残余奥氏体量过多所致。通过深冷处理可使部分残余奥氏体转变成马氏体,从而提高了表面硬度,对金相法评定残余奥氏体的局限性进行了探讨。     

纳米贝氏体/马氏体钢的热稳定性

将低温贝氏体相变前淬火得到由马氏体、贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体组成的纳米贝氏体钢,使用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)等手段观察在不同温度回火的纳米贝氏体钢的显微组织和硬度变化,研究了预相变马氏体对纳米贝氏体钢热稳定性的影响。结果表明:含有马氏体的纳米贝氏体钢在中低温(473~773 K)回火后其硬度比回火前的高,回火温度高于823 K其硬度迅速下降到266.2HV(923 K)。预形成的马氏体在473~573 K回火后向附近的残余奥氏体排碳,后者的碳含量提高到峰值1.52%,提高了残余奥氏体的热稳定性,延迟后者在高温时的分解,从而提高了纳米贝氏体钢的高温热稳定性;回火温度高于723 K则残余奥氏体分解成碳化物,贝氏体铁素体粗化、回复形成新的铁素体晶粒。     

Life of rolls in a cold rolling mill in a steel plant-operation versus manufacture

Failures of rolls occur due to improper manufacturing and operational parameters. Prematurely failed (spalled) roll samples collected from a reputed steel plant were examined for their chemistry, inclusion content, microstructures, carbide characteristics, hardness and retained austenite content. The residual stresses were also measured on the inner and outer surfaces of the spalled roll pieces. The higher content of retained austenite was primarily responsible for the spalling of indigenous rolls for which subzero treatment has been recommended. Several suggestions have also been made for smooth operation of the mill and consequently for the life extension of work rolls.     

Eddy Current Detection of Retained Austenite in Ni-Hard4 Cast Iron

In this article, the nondestructive eddy current (EC) method was used for microstructural evaluation of Ni-hard4 cast iron (NiHCI). Different destabilizing heat treatments were used to produce different microstructures and hardness. The microstructural analysis and hardness measurement were done for conventional characterization of the reference blocks. Then, the EC techniques were applied to evaluate the hardness and microstructural changes by the detection of EC parameters at different frequencies. Metallurgical investigations showed that increasing the destabilizing soaking time and temperature decreases the amount of retained austenite in NiHCIs. The nondestructive evaluation method (NDT) revealed that it can be good correlated between retained austenite amount and hardness with EC parameters. This shows that the EC technique can detect NiHCIs products according to the metallurgical characterization with good accuracy.     

Hardness and toughness investigations of deep cryogenic treated cold work die steel

In consideration of good results about the application of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on materials, the effect on the microstructure and properties (hardness, toughness and the content of retained austenite) of a new developed cold work die steel (Cr8Mo2SiV) was examined. The execution of the deep cryogenic treatment in different processes showed a varying effect on materials. It was shown that the hardness of the DCT specimens was higher (+0.5HRC to +2HRC) whereas the toughness was lower when compared with the conventionally treated specimens (quenching and tempering). Following the DCT process retained austenite transformed into martensite, however, not completely.     

The effect of heat treatment on the toughness, hardness and microstructure of low carbon white cast irons

The effect of destabilisation and subcritical heat treatment on the impact toughness, hardness, and the amount and mechanical stability of retained austenite in a low carbon white cast iron have been investigated. The experimental results show that the impact energy constantly increases when the destabilisation temperature is raised from 950°C to 1200°C. Although the hardness decreases, the heat-treated hardness is still greater than the as-cast state. After destabilisation treatment at 1130°C, tempering at 200 to 250°C for 3 hours leads to the highest impact toughness, and secondary hardening was observed when tempering over 400°C. The amount of retained austenite increased with the increase in the destabilisation temperature, and the treatment significantly improves the mechanical stability of the retained austenite compared with the as-cast state. Tempering below 400°C does not affect the amount of retained austenite and its mechanical stability. But the amount of retained austenite is dramatically reduced when tempered above 400°C. The relationship between the mechanical properties and the microstructure changes was discussed.     

Thermal stability of retained austenite in Cr–Ni weld metals at low temperatures

Abstract

As environmental temperature decreases, the amount of retained austenite is more likely to greatly reduce due to the thermal austenite–martensite transformation caused by the decreased thermal stability of retained austenite, probably making its amount lower than the required content. In the present study, the thermal stability of retained austenite in Cr–Ni weld metals was investigated to see whether sufficient retained austenite can be maintained at low temperatures. The specific experimental procedure is as follows: briefly, the samples were cooled in turn from room temperature to 0, ?20, ?40, ?60, ?80, ?100 and ?196°C; the amount of retained austenite at the above temperatures was measured using X-ray diffraction. Through investigating the dependence of the content of retained austenite on temperature, it was revealed that when the content of retained austenite is <20%, retained austenite can be maintained until ?196°C.     

耐磨材料中残余奥氏体在磨损中的结构变化及其影响

通过x衍射分析、薄膜透射电镜分析和亚表层硬度分析,研究了GCr15和高铬铸铁两类耐磨材料中残余奥氏体在磨料磨损中的结构变化及其影响。试验结果表明,磨损中相当数量的残余奥氏体发生马氏体转变,形成密排六方ε型马氏体,提高表面硬化程度,改善一定磨损条件下材料的耐磨性。