Al0.5CoCrFeNi高熵合金高温腐蚀行为研究

采用真空电弧熔炼炉制备了Al0.5CoCrFeNi高熵合金(下标表示摩尔比).研究了高熵合金在800、900℃的75wt％Na2SO4+25wt％NaCl熔盐中抗高温腐蚀性.利用带有能谱仪的扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪分析高熵合金的腐蚀层形貌、成分和组织结构.结果表明:高熵合金在熔盐中的腐蚀质量损失较严重,随腐蚀温度升高,抗腐蚀性下降;腐蚀层出现明显分层,合金表面生成了疏松多孔的NaFeO2等多种混合氧化物;合金腐蚀过程发生内氧化和内硫化,内层生成Al2O3、CrO3混合氧化物及Cr5S6硫化物.     

高速火焰喷涂FeCoCrNiAlTi高熵合金涂层的耐高温氯腐蚀性能

目的 提高垃圾焚烧发电锅炉的水冷壁和过热器管等部件的使用寿命,确定具有最佳耐高温氯腐蚀性能的高熵合金Fe CoCrNiAlTix的成分。方法 采用高速火焰喷涂在Q235基体上制备FeCoCrNiAlTi_x(x=0、0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6)高熵合金涂层,运用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪研究Ti含量对涂层形貌和组织结构的影响,并测试涂层的抗热震性能和耐高温氯腐蚀性能。结果 高速火焰喷涂熵合金涂层呈典型的层状结构,随着Ti含量的增加,涂层的孔隙率降低,x=1.2时涂层的致密度最高,其孔隙率仅为0.46%。添加Ti后的高熵合金涂层由FCC相和BCC相组成,随着Ti含量的增加,FCC相逐渐减少,涂层主要为BCC相。在800℃到常温的循环热震试验中,高熵合金涂层具有良好的抗热震性能。在60 h的高温熔盐腐蚀后,所有高熵合金涂层相较Q235具有显著的耐高温氯腐蚀性能,对高温腐蚀质量变化进行拟合,发现其满足幂函数模型。结论 添加适量的Ti能够改善Fe CoCrNiAlTi_x高熵合金涂层的成形质量,降低涂层的孔隙率,其中高速火焰喷涂Fe CoCrNiA...     

锆合金表面涂层耐高温高压动水腐蚀性能的研究

目的 提高锆合金在高温高压环境中耐动水腐蚀性能。方法 利用多弧离子镀技术（MAIP）在Zr-4合金表面分别制备了Al2O3涂层和Cr/TiAlN复合涂层,利用磁控溅射技术（MS）在Zr-4合金表面制备了TiN涂层。通过堆外高压釜实验,对比研究了三种不同涂层的耐高温高压动水腐蚀性能,利用自动划痕仪检测膜基结合力,利用XRD分析涂层的物相成分,利用SEM观察涂层腐蚀前后的微观形貌,利用EDS对涂层元素种类与含量进行分析。结果 多弧离子镀技术制备的Al2O3涂层和Cr/TiAlN涂层致密度较高,但表面存在少量大颗粒与微孔洞;磁控溅射技术制备的TiN涂层均匀平整,表面大颗粒较少。Al2O3涂层、TiN涂层和Cr/TiAlN涂层可承受的临界载荷分别为26、16、26.5 N。在实验条件下,Cr/TiAlN涂层和TiN涂层表面均发生了剥落或腐蚀现象,且这两种试样表面均检测出大量的ZrO2,而Al2O3涂层几乎未被破坏,基体得到了充分防护。结论 利用多弧离子镀技术在Zr-4合金表面制备的Al2O3涂层和Cr/TiAlN涂层的膜基结合力较高,利用磁控溅射技术制备的TiN涂层的膜基结合性能较差,其中Al2O3涂层具备良好的耐腐蚀性能,在高温高压动水腐蚀环境中能够有效地保护锆合金基体。     

多主元合金CoCrFeNiTi_(0.5)耐硫酸盐高温腐蚀行为研究

多主元合金因具有良好的热稳定性有望用于制造超超临界锅炉过热器等耐热设备,燃煤气氛下使用时易发生硫酸盐腐蚀。本工作系统分析了表面喷涂碱金属硫酸盐的多主元合金Co Cr Fe Ni Ti0.5在750℃耐高温腐蚀特性。结果表明:合金Co Cr Fe Ni Ti0.5的腐蚀动力学曲线遵循抛物线递增规律;腐蚀过程中有挥发性产物Na4(Cr O4)(SO4)、硫化物以及多种氧化物生成;腐蚀初期,氧化膜均匀致密,与基体结合紧密;延长腐蚀时间,氧化膜厚度增加,由致密变得疏松多孔,基体与氧化膜界面产生微孔隙,内氧化和内硫化发生。分析认为,合金Co Cr Fe Ni Ti0.5在750℃耐硫酸盐高温腐蚀特性归因于:保护性氧化膜的形成以及由低熔点共晶体诱发的Cr2O3在熔融态Na2SO4中的碱性熔融。     

Corrosion Testing of Ni Alloy HVOF Coatings in High Temperature Environments for Biomass Applications

This paper reports the corrosion behavior of Ni alloy coatings deposited by high velocity oxyfuel spraying, and representative boiler substrate alloys in simulated high temperature biomass combustion conditions. Four commercially available oxidation resistant Ni alloy coating materials were selected: NiCrBSiFe, alloy 718, alloy 625, and alloy C-276. These were sprayed onto P91 substrates using a JP5000 spray system. The corrosion performance of the coatings varied when tested at ~525, 625, and 725 °C in K₂SO₄-KCl mixture and gaseous HCl-H₂O-O₂ containing environments. Alloy 625, NiCrBSiFe, and alloy 718 coatings performed better than alloy C-276 coating at 725 °C, which had very little corrosion resistance resulting in degradation similar to uncoated P91. Alloy 625 coatings provided good protection from corrosion at 725 °C, with the performance being comparable to wrought alloy 625, with significantly less attack of the substrate than uncoated P91. Alloy 625 performs best of these coating materials, with an overall ranking at 725 °C as follows: alloy 625 > NiCrBSiFe > alloy 718 ? alloy C-276. Although alloy C-276 coatings performed poorly in the corrosion test environment at 725 °C, at lower temperatures (i.e., below the eutectic temperature of the salt mixture) it outperformed the other coating types studied.     

划伤690TT合金在高温含氧水中应力腐蚀裂纹萌生的研究

利用划伤技术研究了690TT合金在325 ℃高温含氧硼锂水中的裂纹萌生和生长情况。试样表面和截面显微分析的结果表明,划伤沟槽底部局部萌生了典型的沿晶应力腐蚀裂纹。由于应力集中,在慢速率拉伸阶段划伤沟槽底部产生了机械裂纹,而机械裂纹成为恒载过程中690TT合金沿晶应力腐蚀裂纹萌生和生长的先导。尖端非常接近晶界或者沿着晶界的机械裂纹可继续形成沿晶应力腐蚀裂纹。690TT合金在恒载荷条件下对应力腐蚀开裂仍有一定的敏感性。     

介质对GH3625合金高温腐蚀中氧化膜的影响机制

本文采用XRD、SEM、EDS、增重法测量和热力学计算等手段研究了铸态GH3625合金在900 ℃下不同腐蚀介质中(Air、75 wt.% Na₂SO₄+25 wt.% NaCl和2% SO₂+H₂O+Air)腐蚀120 h后的高温腐蚀行为,探讨了不同腐蚀介质下氧化膜的形成及破坏机制。研究表明,GH3625合金在不同介质中腐蚀后,从合金最表层到合金内部结构均分为疏松氧化层、致密氧化层、贫Cr区和合金基体,其氧化层主要由NiO、Cr₂O₃和NiCr₂O₄组成。同时,合金在熔盐和高温酸性气氛中腐蚀后的贫Cr区深度(约14 μm和11μm)均大于在空气中氧化后贫Cr区深度(约8 μm),腐蚀介质对合金表层氧化膜的破坏程度从大到小依次为熔盐介质、高温酸性气氛介质、空气介质。合金的腐蚀主要是不同介质下合金表层氧化膜的形成与溶解的相互竞争,当GH3625合金在熔盐介质中腐蚀时,腐蚀机制主要是氧化膜与Cl^_-反应生成气相Cl₂和与Na₂O反应生成铬酸盐Na₂CrO₄;而当GH3625合金在酸性气氛介质中腐蚀时,腐蚀机制主要是Cr、Ni元素与SO₂、O₂的连续硫化和氧化反应。     

High Temperature Corrosion of the Alloy Ni4Mo in a hydrogen chloride atmosphere

Specimens of the alloy Ni₄Mo were tested in a hydrogen chloride atmosphere at temperatures between 400° – 850° C. The corrosion of the alloy was followed by gravimetric analyses and microstructural examinations. It was found that the layer formed on the specimens due to corrosion is adherent but porous, thus allowing the volatilization of some of the corrosion products. The formation of various kinds of oxides and chlorides was observed. The exact composition of the scale depended on the temperature of exposure to hydrogen chloride and on the amount of oxygen present as an impurity in the test apparatus. The formation of a domain structure in the uncorroded alloy affects the morphology of the scale/alloy interface.     

高铝锌基合金的耐腐蚀性研究

在质量分数为3．5％的NaCl溶液介质中，用电化学测量系统测定了Al的质量分数为30％～50％，Cu的质量分数为1．0％～2．5％的Zn-Al合金的塔菲尔参数、线性极化电阻、自腐蚀电位等电化学参数。并在三维视频显微镜下观察了合金的腐蚀形貌。结果表明，Zn-Al合金的耐蚀性随Al含量的增加和Cu含量的减少而下降。在试验合金中Al的质量分数为30％、Cu的质量分数为2．5％的Zn-Al合金耐腐蚀较好。     

高温高压CO_2腐蚀环境中含Cr低合金钢耐蚀机理的研究进展

阐述了含Cr低合金钢耐CO_2腐蚀的机理,并介绍了如何通过极化曲线来确定含Cr低合金钢是否耐蚀的方法,同时也列举了含Cr低合金钢腐蚀产物膜沉积机制的最新进展,并提出了含Cr低合金钢耐蚀机理研究中亟待解决的问题。     

Corrosion of Alloy Haynes 230 in High Temperature Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with Oxygen Impurity Additions

The corrosion of Ni-based alloy Haynes 230 in supercritical carbon dioxide at temperatures of 650 and 750 °C at a pressure of 20 MPa was investigated. In high-purity research grade CO₂, the corrosion performance of the alloy was excellent with a thin, uniform, protective chromium-rich oxide layer forming on the surface. Introduction of 10 and 100 ppm O₂ impurity in the CO₂ environment noticeably enhanced oxidation with evidence of oxide spallation and nodule formation. In these oxygen impurity added tests, increased oxidation led to subsurface voids due to the more rapid outward diffusion of chromium as well as intergranular alumina and chromia. The oxygen concentration at the inlet and the outlet of the autoclave was measured and used to support the results of characterization of the surface oxide to develop a more holistic understanding of the role of oxygen impurity on the corrosion process. In all cases, there some carbon was observed, which manifested as slightly higher concentration of chromium–carbide phase at the grain boundaries compared to the unexposed alloy.     

电解抛光工艺对600合金在高温高压水环境中腐蚀行为的影响

从电解抛光影响合金表面化学成分与结构的角度出发,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法研究了硝酸-甲醇(0℃,10s,3V)和硫酸-磷酸-水(70℃,30s,0.2A/cm2)两种不同电解抛光液对600合金在高温高压水环境中腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:经硝酸-甲醇溶液抛光后(EPS-1),试样表面的初始产物膜比经硫酸-磷酸-水(EPS-2)溶液抛光后的厚,且EPS-1产物膜中氢氧化物的含量比EPS-2中的高;高温高压水环境腐蚀试验后两种抛光表面都形成双层结构氧化膜,即富铬内层和分散的富镍、铁氧化物颗粒外层;EPS-2产物膜中氢氧化物含量低于EPS-1的且铬含量高于EPS-1的,EPS-2产物膜的致密性和保护性更好,能有效减缓腐蚀进程,形成较薄的氧化膜。分析认为这是由于在两种溶液中电解抛光后样品表面形成了成分与结构不同的初始产物膜。     

Innovation of Ultrafine Structured Alloy Coatings Having Superior Mechanical Properties and High Temperature Corrosion Resistance

High temperature protection requires full coating density, high adhesion, minor oxide inclusions, and preferably fine grains, which is not achievable in most thermal spray processes. High velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process has been applied extensively for making such coatings with the highest density and adhesion strength, but the existence of not melted or partially melted particles are usually observed in the HVOF coatings because of relatively low flame temperature and short particle resident time in the process. This work has investigated the development of an innovative HVOF process using a liquid state suspension/slurry containing small alloy powders. The advantages of using small particles in a HVOF process include uniform coating, less defective microstructure, higher cohesion and adhesion, full density, lower internal stress, and higher deposition efficiency. Process investigations have proven the benefits of making alloy coatings with full density and high bond strength attributing to increased melting of the small particles and the very high kinetic energy of particles striking on the substrate. High temperature oxidation and hot corrosion tests at 800 °C have demonstrated that the alloy coatings made by novel LS-HVOF process have superior properties to conventional counterpart coatings in terms of oxidation rates and corrosion penetration depths.     

热处理制度对Zr－1Nb合金的高温蒸汽腐蚀性能的影响

研究了９种不同加工热处理制度的Ｚｒ－１Ｎｂ合金在５００℃和６００℃、１０．３ＭＰａ蒸汽中的抗腐蚀性能，并用最小二乘法线性回归得出了５００℃蒸汽腐蚀特征值Ｋ和ｎ。结果表明；加工热处理制度对Ｚｒ－１Ｎｂ合金的高温蒸汽腐蚀性能有显著的影响，并最终归结为α－Ｚｒ中过饱和Ｎｂ含量的影响；５００℃腐蚀时可看到明显的多次转折现象，认为是腐蚀过程中新鲜氧化膜重复形成与破裂的结果；所有状态的Ｚｒ－１Ｎｂ合金在５００℃和６００℃蒸汽中实验时都没有发现不均匀疖状腐蚀发生，说明经适当加工热处理的Ｚｒ－１Ｎｂ合金有良好的抗蒸汽腐蚀性能。     

AZ91镁合金的抗高温蠕变性能和腐蚀性能的研究近况

概述了AZ91镁合金抗高温蠕变性能和腐蚀性能方面的研究近况。重点介绍了近年来微合金化、材料复合对AZ91镁合金抗蠕变和腐蚀性能的影响,提出了对AZ91镁合金今后发展方向的看法。     

退火温度对新型高强耐蚀钛合金组织与性能的影响

本文研究了一种新型高强耐蚀钛合金材料,通过将三次VAR炉熔炼后铸锭进行热轧和退火处理,研究退火工艺对板材微观组织和性能的影响。研究发现,退火后整体组织分布均匀,随着退火温度的增加,条状α相减少,等轴α相增多,β转变组织长大、增多。在740℃退火时,条状的α相基本消失,β转变组织长大、增多并且粘连在一起,呈现典型的等轴组织形貌。随着退火温度的增加,板材的强度和洛氏硬度下降,塑性提高,腐蚀电流密度降低,腐蚀速率减慢,耐腐蚀性能增强。在740℃退火1h后,板材具有最佳的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。     

选区激光熔化TC4合金高温力学性能及腐蚀行为研究

采用选区激光熔化技术(selectivelasermelting,SLM)制备了TC4合金,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、万能材料试验机以及电化学测试等技术研究其热处理后的组织、高温力学性能及腐蚀行为,并与铸造TC4合金做了对比。结果表明,SLM与铸造TC4合金物相组成相同,SLM TC4合金组织主要为片层状(α+β)相,平均晶粒面积约为2μm²,而铸造TC4合金表现出典型的魏氏组织,平均晶粒面积约为276μm²。相对于铸造TC4合金,SLM TC4合金的室温及高温力学性能均较优异,且表面形成的钝化膜保护性能更好,腐蚀速率更低。